Background Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) has been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD),therefore VEGF is a target for the treatment of wet AMD.However,the mechanism of VEGF in the pathogenesis of AMD is not clearly understood.Studying the correlation between VEGF gene polymorphism and AMD is becoming a new research hotspot,but relevant studies on Han Chinese have not been performed.Objective This study was to investigate the association between the VEGF +936C/T gene polymorphism and AMD in the Chinese population.Methods A pilot prospective and nonrandomized controlled trial was designed.This protocol complied with Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethic Committee of Chinese PLA Second Artillery General Hospital.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to entering the study.Two hundred AMD patients and 200 age-and gender-matched normal controls were enrolled in this study.The genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples of the subjects,and analysis of the VEGF polymorphisms at the +936 position in the promoter and 3＇-untranslated regions was performed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism method.Frequencies of the VEGF+936C/T genotype were compared between the two groups,and the risk of the VEGF+936C/T gene polymorphism in pre-disposing AMD was evaluated.Results No significant differences were seen in the incidence rates of smoking(P ＝ 0.76),hypertension(P ＝ 0.84),hyperlipidemia (P=0.71),diabetes mellitus (P=0.86) and cardiovascular disease(P=0.89) between the AMD group and the normal control group,and BMI was matched between the two groups (P =0.18).The prevalence of the TT genotype was 9.0％ (18/200)in the AMD group,but that in the normal control was 3.5％ (7/200),showing a significant difference between the two groups (P =0.03).The odds ratio (OR) was 2.73 with a 95％ confidence interval(CI) of 1.11 to 6.68 for AMD in this genotype.The CC and CT genotypes were not significantly different between the two groups (P =0.52,P =0.57).The genotype frequency and allele frequency conformed to HardyWeinberg equilibrium law.There were no significant differences found in the CC,CT,TT genotype frequencies among the early AMD,geographic atrophy AMD and choroidal neovascular AMD (all at P＞0.05).Conclusions The VEGF+936TT genotype is associated with AMD in Han Chinese population.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two different surgical techniques on congenital cataract on children.METHODS: Twenty-two children (1-3 years old) with congenital cataract were randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B). With group A (10 patients, 20 eyes), we applied 23-gauge (23G) trans corneal limbus vitrectomy system to complete lens cortex gettering, posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy；With group B (12 patients, 24 eyes), we used the phacoemulsification I/A to complete lens cortex gettering, and performed anterior vitrectomy with anterior vitreous cutting instrument. After that, the differences in intraoperative and postoperative complications between two groups were compared. RESULTS：In group A, the width of corneal limbal incision was 0.6mm, the incision was self-sealing, and the anterior chamber was stable and iris did not prolapse during the surgery. In group B, the width of corneal limbal incision was 3mm, anterior chamber was unstable and intraoperative iris prolapse occurred in 14 eyes (58%). And the incision need to be stitched up after surgery. In the postoperative follow-up of 6-24 months (an average of 14 months), we found that corneal neovascularization did not occur in group A, while in group B, corneal neovascularization occurred in four eyes (17%); Other complications, such as posterior capsular opacification，retinal detachment, glaucoma, hypotony or endophthalmitis did not occur in either group.CONCLUSION: The 23G trans corneal limbus vitrectomy system used in pediatric cataract surgery is safer and more effective than phacoemulsification I/A. It is promising in treatment of congenital cataract on children.

AIM: To investigate the alterations of tear film after sutureless large incision manual cataract extraction (SLIMCE). METHODS: Sixty-eight SLIMCE operation eyes were studied with slit-limp microscope, break- up time (BUT), SchirmmerⅠtest (SⅠt),and fluorescence(FL) to observe the alterations of tear film at different time points in postoperation. Impression cytology and microphoto-analyses technique were also applied to observe the goblet cells at different time points postoperation(7,14,30,60,90 days). RESULTS: Subjective complaint of dry eye within 90 days after the operations were significantly increased compare with preoperations(5-27,23,19,16,13; 2-16,14,8,6,3). The schirmmer Ⅰ test were greatly increased in 14 days postoperation(10.1±4.5;15.0±4.7,13.8±5.7),the mean scores of fluorescence increased (0-17,9,5;0-8,3,1) and the mean break-up time decreased in 30 days post-operation(10.3±2.2;5.5±2.3,7.0±2.4,7.9±2.2) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: SLIMCE operation have effect on the stability of tear film.

The primary processing is important links and closely related to the quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and is not only cleaning of remove the non-officinal parts, drying for termination the physiological status of organisms, but also retaining the most active substances, decreasing the toxic components, and promoting the transformation among chemical ingredients through primary processing. So the traditional primary processing endows with characters, quality, specifications and properties of traditional Chinese medicine, and embodies some important science truth. The traditional primary processing method and technology systems are derived from the long-term practices and experiences, which are distinctive, colorful, diverse, and scientific, which are helpful to development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources. This paper systemically expounds the research status of the Chinese medicine processing method, summarizes the problems in the primary processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials research, and prospects its bright future.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

To develop an oral drug,ITF gene encoding ITF proein,was expressed in a live delivery vehicle lactococcus lactis.First,the ITF gene was cloned into the prokaryotic expressive vector pNICE:sec.Second,the recombinant vector pNICE:sec-ITF was transformated into Lactococcus lactis strain NZ9000 to express ITF protein.Then the recombinant ITF was induced to express and was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.Rabbits are divided into blank control group,preparation group and therapeutic group which are respectively administrated wih PBS and pNICE:sec-ITF Lactococcus lactis.By grades of ulcer test whether administrated pNICE:sec-ITF Lactococcus lactis protects against HCl-induced gastric injury in rabbits.The results were described as follows.The ITF was amplified and cloned in the vector pNICE:sec successfully.The fusion protein(5.9kDa) was expressed in L.lactis by the induction of the nisin.The quantity of expression accounted for 5% of the total bacterial protein.Western bolt analysis confirmed that fusion protein could be recognized specially by Monoclonal Anti-human TFF3 Antibody.Preparation groups and therapeutic groups do good than control group.Prove that administrated pNICE:sec-ITF Lactococcus lactis is biologically active in an HCl-induced rabbit gastric mucosal injury model.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; genetics ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; genetics ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; genetics ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Young Adult

AIM:To establish a screening model based on muscarinic receptor type 1(M1) for drugs against Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD: Human M1 receptor was expressed in HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) cells, and its activation was measured by the intracellular cAMP (cyclic AMP) level. Exogeneous 3H-cAMP was used to compete the intracellular cAMP binding sites. Acetylcholine chloride was used as a positive drug to ensure the sensitivity of this model. RESULT: HEK293 cell expressing system of human M1 receptor was established. Different concentrations of acetylcholine chloride (10-9～10-4 mol/L) activation of M1 receptor leads to an increase of intracellular cAMP 10.343×10-4～33.754×10-4 pmol/μl. CONCLUTION:This screening model has positive response to M1 receptor agonist and can be used for drug screening.

Objective To explore the clinical application and significance of polymerase chain reactio n(PCR) in checking human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)in cerebral palsy children. Methods Collecting urine and serum of 56 cerebral palsy (CP) children,using PCR to detec t CMV DNA from urine,isolate CMV from urine,and indirect enzyme-linked immuno so rbent assay(ELISA) detecting CMV IgM、IgG of serum.Results In 56 cases,53.6%cases were CMV DNA positive,there were 9 cases CMV isolation,o bserving CMV characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE) and the positive value of se rum CMV IgM、IgG was 12.5%,37.5% respectively.The positive value in isolation o f the virus and CMV IgM was 100%,10% corresponding with that of CMV DNA.Comp ared the 2 former with the latter,it was significant(P0.05).Conclusions Using PCR can detect CMV DNA from CP children with CMV infection quickly.It can apply in detecting CMV in CP and provide credible evidence for intervention as f ar as early in children with CP. J Appl Clin Pediatr,2005,20(2):157-159

Objective To investigate the role of expressions of pituitary tumor transforming gene(PTTG) and p27 in glioma,and explore the relationship between the expressions of them and cell cycle regulation.Methods Specimens of 40 patient with gliomas were divided into gradeⅠ:8 cases,gradeⅡ:10 cases,gradeⅢ:13 cases, gradeⅣ:9 cases,PTTGmRNA and p27mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and their expressions of PTTG,P27,CDK4 protein were detected by immunostaining assay using strep- tavidin-peroxidase(SP) method.Results The expressions of PTTGmRNA in gradeⅠ～Ⅳwere (0.907?0.065),(1.109?0.083),(1.312?0.089),(1.499?0.215) respectively,there was significant difference among the groups(P