Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cluster Analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; classification ; epidemiology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Yang Deficiency ; classification ; epidemiology ; Yin Deficiency ; classification ; epidemiology

By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), an open reading frame of pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) was isolated from Panax notoginseng and named as PnPR1. Molecular and bioinformatic analyses of PnPR1 revealed that an open reading frame of 501 bp was predicted to encode a 166-amino acid protein with a deduced molecular mass of 18.1 kD. Homology analysis showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of PR1 protein of Panax notoginseng had a high similarity with other higher plants had the same conservative structure domain of cysteine-rich secretory protein (CAP). The recombinant expressed plasmid pET28a(+)-PnPR1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The expression conditions were optimized by induction at different times, different temperatures, different IPTG concentrations and different giving times. The optimum expression condition was 0.4 mmol.L-1 IPTG at 28 degrees C for 20 h. The successful expression of PnPR1 provides some basis for protein purification and preparation of the monoclonal antibody.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Open Reading Frames ; genetics ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Alignment

Objective:Clonidine,by activating peripheral α-sbrenoceptors, produces transient pressor response after i.v.injection in anesthetized animals.Moxonidine, with at least 40-fold higher affinity to I1-imidazoline receptors than to α2-adrenoceptors,produces also a transient pressor response. This work was designed to investigate whether I1-imidazoline receptors are involved in this pressor effect of moxonidine. Methods:Female spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs,aged 14-16 weeks)were anesthetized with urethane.To observe the transient pressor responses,moxonidine 0.1,0.3,1.0mg/kg(intravenous,i.v),2.0μg(intracerebroventricular,i.c.v.)and 1.0,10.0mg/kg(intragastric,i.g.)were administrated in different groups of rats.To evaluate the roles of α1-adrenoceptors,α2-adrenoceptors and I1-imidazoline receptors in the transient pressor responses to moxonidine, prazosin(10.0μg/kg),yohimbine(2.0mg/kg),phentolamine(0.2mg/kg),idazoxan(1.0mg/kg)or yohimbine+idazoxan(2.0mg/kg+1.0mg/kg)were intravenously given to the animals before moxonidine 0.3mg/kg (i.v.).Results:It was found that i.v.moxonidine produced a greater pressor response than clonidine when producing a similar reduction of blood pressure.This effect of moxonidine was not influenced by prazosin, but was partly inhibited by yohimbine, phentolamine or idazoxan,and completely blocked by the combination of yohimbine and idzaxon.Neither i.c.v.injection nor i.g. administration of moxonidine induced transient pressor responses.Conclusion:The transient pressor response of i.v. moxonidine is mediated by both peripheral I1-imidazoline receptors and α2-adrenoceptors.

Abdominal Pain ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Adult ; Duodenal Obstruction ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Pancreas ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo describe a HPLC method for assessing betaine in Fufang Guilu granule.

METHODThe content of betainephenaxcyl bromide in Fufang Guilu granule was determined by HPLC. The analytical column was a shim-pack CLC-ODS (6.0 mm x 150 mm) filling a 5 microm stationary phase; The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(35:65) with 0.1 mol x L(-1) NaClO4; The flow-rate was 1 mL x min (-1); The detector was set at 254 nm.

RESULTThe calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.09-0.585 microg (r = 0.9997). The average recovery of the method was 98.4%, RSD 2.5% (n = 5).

CONCLUSIONThe results showed that this method was reliable and accurate, and can be used for quality control of Fufang Guilu granule.

Betaine ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Lycium ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of modified Gant-Miwa procedure with anal encircling for adults with rectal prolapse.

METHODSClinical and follow-up data of 31 adult patients with rectal prolapse undergoing modified Gant-Miwa procedure with anal encircling procedure between September 2005 and January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSOperations were successfully performed in these 31 cases. The mean operation time was 75 (range 50-165) minutes. The mean estimated blood loss during operation was 50 (range 20-80) ml. There were no postoperative complications, such as hemorrhage, perianal abscess, anal fistula, intra-abdominal infection, or urogenital dysfunction, while only 7 patients developed urinary retention postoperatively. Rate of postoperative constipation improvement was 61.5% (8/13) and defecation difficulty improvement was 69.6% (16/23). Twenty-eight patients received anal manometry 2 months after operation and the result showed that rectal sensation threshold and rectal maximal tolerance decreased significantly, while anal resting pressure and anal squeeze pressure did not change significantly as compared to preoperative values. Six months after operation, anal function was Kirwan grade I in 22 cases and grade II in 8 cases. During a mean postoperative follow-up of 2.5 years (3 months-6.3 years), 2 of 26 patients developed recurrent prolapse.

CONCLUSIONSModified Gant-Miwa procedure with anal encircling for adults of rectal prolapse is a simple and safe procedure with low recurrence rate, minimal invasion, no serious complication and mortality, especially suitable for the elderly patients, accompanied with underlying diseases or reluctant to undergo transabdominal operation.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anal Canal ; surgery ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Prolapse ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

AIMTo investigate the mechanism of the interaction between montmorillonite and bacteria by studying the reactions of different charges of montmorillonites with bacteria.

METHODSBacteriostatic test: one loop of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus at the concentration of 1 x 10(6).mL-1 was incubated to the plate culture medium containing different concentrations of montmorillonite, and incubated 24 h to observe the growth of bacteria. Bacterial adsorptive test: different amounts of montmorillonite were added into the artificially simulated intestinal solution (containing bacteria 1 x 10(7).mL-1). After the culture, the bacterial colonies were counted.

RESULTSThe results showed that montmorillonite per se showed no bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect, but after exchange with metal ion and functional groups which inhibits bacteria, then it showed these activities. Adsorption was the main way between montmorillonite and bacteria. The special way of fixing bacteria into the "carriage" of montmorillonite gel which carry this structure was its pharmacological basis of curing diarrhea. The adsorption effect was related to layer charge density of the montmorillonites.

CONCLUSIONMontmorillonite showed adsorption ability of bacteria with minus related to its layer charge, but has no bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect.

Adsorption ; Anti-Ulcer Agents ; pharmacology ; Bentonite ; pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo determine the association of CD133 expression with the sensitivity to radiotherapy among rectal cancer patients.

METHODSThe clinical data of 32 rectal cancer patients was retrospectively collected for patients who received a short-term preoperative radiotherapy(5 Gy/d,×5 d) from 2008 to 2010. Pretreatment tumor biopsies were immunostained for CD133 expression. Rectal cancer regression grade (RCRG) was used to evaluate the sensitivity of the rectal cancer to preoperative radiotherapy. The correlation of CD133 expression and sensitivity to radiotherapy was analyzed.

RESULTSCD133 differentially expressed in rectal cancer tissue with 17 high expression and 15 low expression. The expression of CD133 was associated with the differentiation of rectal cancer with higher expression of CD133 among poorly differentiated rectal cancers(P<0.05). Among the CD133-high patients, two patients showed 1st RCRG, five patients showed 2nd RCRG and ten patients showed 3rd RCRG. For the CD133-low patients, there were five 1st RCRG, seven 2nd RCRG and three 3rd RCRG. There was a significant association between CD133 expression and sensitivity to radiotherapy (P=0.037). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the expression level of CD133(P=0.027) and the differentiation of rectal cancer(P=0.046) were independent predictive factors for the sensitivity of rectal cancer to radiotherapy.

CONCLUSIONSCorrelation between CD133 expression and sensitivity to radiotherapy of rectal cancer may exist, which may be helpful in predicting the sensitivity of rectal cancer to preoperative radiotherapy.

AC133 Antigen ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Biopsy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Peptides ; metabolism ; Rectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnostic method and analyze the result of microneurosurgical treatment for tumors of the fourth cerebral ventricle.

METHODSTumor of the fourth ventricle was clinically diagnosed in 86 patients basing on the preliminary assessment of symptom and CT or MRI findings. Of these 86 patients treated with micro-neurosurgery, the tumors in 62 were totally removed, subtotally in 19, and partially in 5. Forty-two patients received postoperative radiotherapy.

RESULTSThree patients died postoperatively within ten days, and symptoms in 83 were improved after treatment. The average survival period was over 3 years. The pathology included 32 medulloblastomas, 23 ependymoma, 15 astrocytoma, 10 hemangiblastomas, 2 choroid plexus papillomas, and 4 epidermoid cysts.

CONCLUSIONMedulloblastoma, astrocytoma and hemangiblastoma are suggested to be removed totally whenever technically possible according to the site, character and volume of the tumor. For ependymoma, if close to the brain stem, is recommended to be subtotally removed. Postoperative radiotherapy may be beneficial for malignant types.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Astrocytoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Ependymoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fourth Ventricle ; pathology ; radiation effects ; surgery ; Hemangioblastoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medulloblastoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Microsurgery ; methods ; mortality ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo review the clinical data of enteral feeding of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI), and analyze the influencing factors.

METHODFrom Jan. 2000 to Jan. 2010, data of 31 ELBWI from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively collected. ELBWI were assigned to different groups according to the time achieving full enteral feeding, comparison was done between two groups for enteral feeding.

RESULTTwenty-four infants were analyzed, their mean gestational age was (29.0 ± 1.8) weeks (26.14 - 34.43 weeks), birth weight (882 ± 67) g (730 - 970 g), there were 11 infants in group A, whose time for achieving full enteral feeding was (27 ± 6)days, there were 13 infants in group B, whose time achieving full enteral feeding was (46 ± 10)days. The ratio of asphyxia (18.2% vs. 61.5%, P = 0.047), duration of umbilical vein catheterization longer than 10 days (18.2% vs. 61.5%, P = 0.047), and duration of mechanical ventilation longer than 14 days (27.3% vs. 76.9%, P = 0.038) in group A was higher than in group B. The milk volume on the 21st and 28th day in group A was much more than that in group B [(88.9 ± 35.4) ml vs. (37.4 ± 34.9) ml, P = 0.002; (121.1 ± 37.4) ml vs. (53.2 ± 33.1) ml, P = 0.000]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in gestational age, birth weight, patent ductus arterious, erythrocytosis, dysglycemia, sepsis, the time to begin enteral feeding, the beginning milk volume, the adding milk volume in the 1st, 2nd week, and the milk volume on the 3rd, 7th, 14th day.

CONCLUSIONAsphyxia, duration of umbilical vein catheterization, and duration of mechanical ventilation are likely to influence the enteral feeding of ELBWI, ELBWI with successful enteral feeding could show good tolerance in the 3rd week. But individual program should be made for enteral feeding of ELBWI, because enteral feeding could be influenced by multiple factors.

Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; growth & development ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; growth & development ; Male ; Retrospective Studies