OBJECTIVETo investigate the absolute bioavailability of caffeic acid in rats and its intestinal absorption properties.

METHODThe absolute bioavailability (Fabs) of caffeic acid was obtained after iv (2 mg x kg(-1)) or ig (10 mg x kg(-1)) administration to rats. The intestinal absorption of caffeic acid was explored by the recirculating vascularly perfused rat intestinal preparation. Caco-2 cell model was applied to measure the permeability of caffeic acid from apical to basolateral said (A-B) and from basolateral to apical said (B-A).

RESULTA two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was best to describe the pharmacokinetics of caffeic acid following iv or ig administration. The Fabs of caffeic acid was 14. 7% , and its intestinal absorption was 12.4%. The values of Papp A-->B and Papp B-->A of caffeic acid were retained stable while its concentration was changed. The efflux ratio values in this study surveyed were above 2.0, and suggesting caffeic acid was active transport.

CONCLUSIONCaffeic acid was shown to have poor permeability across the Caco-2 cells, low intestinal absorption and low oral bioavailability in rats.

Animals ; Biological Availability ; Caco-2 Cells ; Caffeic Acids ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND: Chinese traditional osteopathy is long in history, unique in manipulation and miraculous in therapeutic effect. But people understand it more m perception rather than in theory, more in application rather than in development. There is little research truly on the bioseience.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the macro-idea of Chinese traditional osteopathy, micro-mechanisms on characters and mathematics-physics models, aiming to provide new principles and approaches of treatment for the daily increased bone trauma, fracture and sport injury.SETTING: Physics and machine-electron college of a university, and its affiliated hospital.METHODS: Based on the natural concept of "integration between heaven and human being" and new concept of holistic medicine in Chinese traditional osteopathy, the macro-idea and characters of reduction and union of fracture are generalized from the characters of natural therapy and the biomechanical mechanisms and characters of reduction and union of fracture are summarized from the micro-reaction of bone repair and union so as to discover biomechanical mechanisms and characters of reduction and union of fracture and further to set up biomechanical models and mathematics-physics expressions during the treatment.RESULTS: Chinese traditional osteopathy envelopes macro-idea of "initiative reduction-functional union" in fracture and micro-mechanism on "stress adaptability-functional adaptability" of bone repair and union.CONCLUSION: Chinese traditional osteopathy compiles with the natural,green and non-traumatic therapy in bio-natural law of bone repair and union and supports the theme of "high thought and high skill".

OBJECTIVETo detect and compare the transcriptional activities of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) promoter and enhancer and survivin promoter in different human prostate cancer cell lines, and to search for some evidence for the targeting gene therapy of human prostate cancer.

METHODSThe fragments of the PSMA promoter and enhancer and survivin promoter were amplified by PCR and inserted into pGL3-Basic. The recombinant plasmids were transiently transfected into human prostate cancer cell lines and normal Chang liver cells, and, their transcriptional activities in various cells were determined by measuring the expression of luciferase.

RESULTSThe survivin promoter exhibited a higher transcriptional activity than PSMA promoter and enhancer in tumor cell lines, and the S2pro promoter showed the highest activity, reaching one third of that of the CMV promoter.

CONCLUSIONThe survivin promoter is highly activated in prostate cancer cell lines and may serve as a new tool for the transcriptional targeting gene therapy of prostate cancer.

Antigens, Surface ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II ; genetics ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; genetics ; Male ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; therapy ; Transcription Initiation Site ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo clone DNA sequence of the survivin promoter and study is transcriptional activities in human prostate cancer cells and normal Chang liver cells.

METHODSThe fragment of the survivin promoter was acquired by PCR amplification and inserted into pPRIME vectors to reconstruct a recombinant plasmid named pPRIME-S1pro and pPRIME-S2pro. Then the reconstructed plasmid was transiently transfected into human prostate cancer cells lines LNCaP and normal Chang liver cells. The transcriptional activities of the survivin promoter in various cells was determined by measuring the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP).

RESULTSThe survivin promoter had transcriptional activities in LNCaP cells and the transcriptional activity of the S2pro was much higher that of the S1pro, reaching a level of 39% of the transcriptional activity of the CMV promoter.

CONCLUSIONThe survivin promoter cloned in the therapy for prostate cancer.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

Hashimoto's encephalopathy(steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis,SREAT)is a rare disorder,accompanied by seizures,tremor,myoclonus,ataxia,psychosis,and stroke-like episodes,breaking out with an acute or subacute onset and having a relapsing/remitting or progressive course which is not correlated to thyroid hormone levels.Patients with Hashimoto's encephalopathy are usually euthyroid or dysthyroid with positive antithyroid antibodies,have a moderately raised cerebrospinal fluid protein content,and have a global slowing of the electroencephalogram and a normal or near normal imaging except in rare cases.The pathogenesis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy is still obscure.This paper reports a case diagnosed as"Hashimoto's encephalopathy".It is suggested that the diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy should be considered in cases with unexplained encephalopathy associated with high levels of antithyroid antibodies despite normal thyroid function.

Objective:To evaluate the cumulative dose of the target volume and organs at risk (OARs) in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for large volume non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on rigid and deformation registration methods. The dosimetric changes between the initial and second treatment plans were compared.Methods:Thirty patients treated with IMRT for large volume NSCLC with twice 4DCT scans acquired before radiotherapy and after 20 fractions of radiotherapy were recruited. The initial treatment plan (Plan 1) based on the average density projection CT (CT 1-avg) of the first 4DCT images and the second treatment plan (Plan 2) based on the average density projection CT (CT 2-avg) of the second 4DCT images were calculated. Then, the dose distributions of Plan 1 and Plan 2 were accumulated based on rigid and deformation registration methods to obtain Planrig and Plandef, respectively. Finally, the volume changes of gross tumor volume (GTV) and OARs between two CT scans were compared. The dose-volume parameters between Plan 1 and other plans (including Plan 2, Planrig and Plandef) were also statistically compared. Results:Compared with the initial CT scan, the mean volume of GTV and heart on the second CT was decreased by 44.2% and 5.5%, respectively, while the mean volume of ipsilateral lung, contralateral lung and total lung was increased by 5.2%, 6.2% and 5.8%, respectively (all P<0.05). Compared with Plan 1, the D 95%, D 98% and V 100% of target volume IGTV (GTV fusion of 10 4DCT phases) and PTV in Plan 2 did not significantly change (all P>0.05), and those in Planrig and Plandef were decreased (all P<0.05). The dose-volume parameters of spinal-cord, heart, ipsilateral lung and total lung in Plan 2, Planrig and Plandef were significantly lower than those in Plan 1(all P<0.05). Among them, the V 30Gy and D mean of heart were decreased by 27.3%, 16.5%, 15.3% and 15.2%, 6.6%, 5.6%, respectively. The V 20Gy and D mean of total lung were decreased by 15.6%, 4.5%, 3.7% and 15.7%, 6.2%, 5.1%, respectively. Some dose-volume parameters (including D 95% and D 98% of target volume, V 40Gy of heart, V 20Gy and D mean of the ipsilateral lung and the total lung) of Plandef were higher than those in Planrig (all P<0.05). The Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) of OARs after deformation registration were significantly higher than those after rigid registration ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The dose-volume parameters of OARs significantly differ between Plan 1 and Plan 2. Hence, all these parameters have a large degree of deviation in predicting radiation-induced injury of OARs. Nevertheless, the dose-volume parameters obtained by deformation registration can enhance the prediction accuracy.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed at exploring the feasibility of using dried blood spots (DBS) to detect HIV drug resistance genotyping in China by comparing the results of drug resistance from DBS, plasma and whole blood samples.

METHODSBlood samples were collected from 39 AIDS patients from Anhui (10), Yunnan (13), Hunan (6) and Xinjiang (10) provinces and autonomous regions. The HIV strains that infected these patients covered all the major HIV-1 subtypes prevailing in China (B, CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC). HIV drug resistance genotyping assay was performed on DBS as well as on the whole blood and plasma samples from the same patients simultaneously by using an in-house nest RT-PCR method. Drug resistance levels were determined based on Stanford University HIV drug resistance database, and the results from these three types of samples were compared.

RESULTSThe percentages of successful amplification of protease and reverse transcriptase regions in the pol gene were 95% (37/39) from DBS, 92% (36/39) from whole blood and 100% (39/39) from plasma samples. The sequences from the three types of samples showed more than 99% identity.86% (31/36) of the DBS samples had the same set of drug resistance mutations as those which were detected from plasma samples. The differences probably resulted from mixed bases.

CONCLUSIONSThere was no major difference in detecting HIV drug resistance genotyping among DBS, plasma and whole blood samples. Therefore, DBS is useful for detection of HIV drug resistance genotyping and is particularly valuable in developing countries like China, especially in remote rural regions.

Dried Blood Spot Testing ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Feasibility Studies ; Genotype ; HIV Infections ; blood ; genetics ; virology ; HIV Seropositivity ; blood ; genetics ; virology ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; genetics ; Humans ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Viral Load

OBJECTIVETo explore the epidemic distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Beijing, Guangdong and Ningxia, and to determine M. tuberculosis strains of the "Beijing Family".

METHODSTwo hundred and six IS6110 DNA fingerprinting patterns of M. tuberculosis strains from three provinces (city) were transferred to digital data, compared with the world M. tuberculosis DNA fingerprinting database, and then clustered by Gel compare 4.1 software. The clustering values in different patients with tuberculosis were compared by chi(2) test. Risk factors for recent transmission were calculated using odd ratios.

RESULTSNo M. tuberculosis strains were found the same as those of DNA fingerprint database. 56.8% (117/206) fingerprinting patterns of M. tuberculosis shared by least two-thirds of the IS6110 fragments and their Spoligotyping fingerprinting patterns were consistent with those of M.tuberculosis strains of the "Beijing Family". There were significant differences between female and male, different age groups (< 42 years old) and older (>or= 42 years old) (P < 0.05). Odd ratio was 5.06 in the group younger than 42 years old (95% CI: 1.00 - 34.34) and was 4.43 (95% CI: 0.94 - 28.76) in males.

CONCLUSIONM. tuberculosis strains of "Beijing Family" were popular in Beijing, Guangdong and Ningxia. Men and younger age group (< 42) were shown to be infected by identical strains more often than women and older aged which might play an important role in the recent transmission of tuberculosis in these areas. IS6110 DNA fingerprinting of M. tuberculosis could be used to trace the source of tuberculosis infection.

Adult ; Age Factors ; China ; epidemiology ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA Fingerprinting ; methods ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sex Factors ; Tuberculosis ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; transmission

OBJECTIVETo study the change of nucleic acid sequence and the germicidal effect of an E. coli bacteriophage with broad host range isolated from hospital sewage as well as to study the mechanism of phage host specificity and the effect of killed bacteria by phage-disinfectant to the samples from sewage water.

METHODSTo extract the nucleic acid from phage f(2) and phage with broad host range using anti-serum-carbamidine hydrochloride assay. Purity with agarose gel electrophoresis was then evaluated. Differences of nucleic acid sequence between phage f(2) and phage with broad host range with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR were also comparing and analysed. Through observing the germicidal test of phage f(2) and phage with broad host range to samples from environment, different sterilization effects between the two phages were compared.

RESULTSAnalystic test for nucleic acid revealed that the two phages both belonged to 6000 bp, single-stranded RNA bacteriophage. Significant differences in their specificity of RAPD-PCR and RT-PCR were found during the changed of host range; with 26 RAPD-cDNA differential fragments found that in two phages RAPD-PCR products. The RT-PCR product of phage f(2) was 450 bp cDNA fragment, but the phage with broad host range did not show PCR product. Treating the sewage water with phage under broad host range, the germicidal test showed that the cleaning rate of E. coli bacteria and phage f(2) in water samples from environment could reach 36.75% - 56.28%, 30.84% - 47.96%, 19.19% - 35.06% and 13.05% - 27.85%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe cleaning rates to E. coli and bacteria by phage with broad host range were obviously higher than phage f(2) (P = 0.000). Analytic test for nucleic acid indicated that host-specific lytic effect of phage with broad host range had been changed at genetic level.

Bacteriophages ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Escherichia coli ; virology ; F Factor ; RNA Phages ; genetics ; Sewage ; microbiology ; virology ; Water Microbiology

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for detecting the polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR).

METHODSThe MTHFR was amplified, and the amplified products were detected by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and the amplified MTHFR was confirmed by sequencing and restriction enzyme digesting.

RESULTSA total of 334 individuals of Han people in southern China were recruited in our study, and their polymorphisms of MTHFR were detected. The accurate rate of the DHPLC method, that was very sensitive with 100% detection rate available, was over 99%. The frequencies of CC, CT and TT genotypes were 56.9%, 38.3% and 4.8% individually, and the frequencies of T and C alleles were 23.95% and 76.05% individually.

CONCLUSIONThe DHPLC method can detect polymorphism of MTHFR rapidly, effectively and economically. And there is the existence of different MTHFR polymorphisms in area and race.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alleles ; China ; ethnology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NAD+) ; genetics ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Polymorphism, Genetic