Adult ; Aged ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Fibula ; transplantation ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; surgery ; Maxilla ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Objective To investigate the relationships between hyperuricaenia,serum uric acid (SUA) level and the chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult residents of Pudong New Area,Shanghai.Methods 3326 residents aged 20-80 years were randomly selected from Pudong New Area,Shanghai through multistage sampling and interviewed between April and July of 2008.Fasting blood sample and morning ovid urine sample were collected for each participant for testing of SUA,serum creatinine,urinary albumin and creatinine.Both urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR)and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were calculated to estimate the renal function.Results The overall prevalence of CKD was 16.0％ (age standardized 13.2％ ).The mean values of estimated GFR in participants with CKD and without CKD were (89.19 ± 27.25) and ( 105.88 ± 98.37) ml· min-1 ·(1.73 m2) -1,respectively.The prevalence rates of CKD in serum uric acid quartiles:first quartile,less than 4.2 mg/dl; second quartile,4.2-5.0 mg/dl; third quartile,5.0-6.0 mg/dl; and fourth quartile,6.0 mg/dl or more were 13.9％,15.0％,15.8％and 19.4％ (P＜0.05) respectively,increasing along with the increase of SUA among both sexes.Compared to the serum uric acid first quartile,the multivariate-adjusted odds for CKD of the second,third and fourth quartiles were 1.19 [95％ confidence interval (CI):0.90-1.58],1.27 (95％ CI:1.02-1.70),1.28 (95％ CI:1.10-1.68),respectively. Conclusion Hyperuricaemia was independently associated with the increased prevalence of CKD among population living in the Pudong New Area,Shanghai.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the etiology of Gan-qi inversion syndrome and Gan-qi stagnation syndrome, and to study the evocative mode of emotional diseases.

METHODSOne thousand and twenty-six subjects, engaged as workers, cadres, teachers and farmers, come from Qingdao City, Jinan City and Qingyun County were surveyed adopting the on-spot investigation.

RESULTSThe percentage of patients with Gan-qi inversion or stagnation syndrome caused by emotional internal injury was 53.9%; the emotional stimulations were primary the angry with compunction and the gloomy angry with grievance, secondly the unacquirable wishes, anxiety and grief.

CONCLUSIONEmotional stimulation is the main cause of Gan-qi inversion or stagnation syndromes, cross actions of several emotional factors directly impairing Gan is the main evocative mode of emotional diseases.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Depression ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Mood Disorders ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Qi ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Syndrome

Through document analysis, high trait anger as the hazard factor for the occurrence of many diseases was proposed. The high trait anger should be the main personality characteristics and important pathogenic condition for anger induced diseases. It is expected to find out more effective treatment and prevention pathways for anger induced diseases.
Affective Symptoms ; etiology ; psychology ; Anger ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Personality ; Risk Factors

Objective To retrospectively analyze the value of postoperative adjuvant therapy in the treatment of stageⅢthoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC) . Methods From 2008 to 2011, a total of 395 patients with stageⅢthoracic ESCC undergoing radical resection were enrolled as subjects. In those patients.97 received surgery alone (S).212 postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (POCT),and 86 postoperative radiotherapy (PORT).Comparison of categorical data was made by chi?square test. The survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan?Meier method. The log?rank test was used for between?group comparison and univariate analysis. Results All patients were followed up for at least 3 years.125 cases were followed up for at least 5 years. The 5?year overall survival ( OS) rates in patients treated with S,POCT and PORT were 17. 1%,29. 2% and 36. 4%,respectively (P=0. 000).POCT and PORT could mainly increased OS in patients of males.upper?and middle?segment,severe ahhesion at surgery.well?or middle?differentiation,stageⅢa andⅢb(P=0. 000?0. 049);whenever ages.tumor lesion,two?/three field esophagectomy.and the number of removal lymph nodes. PORT could improved OS also (P=0. 001?0. 047).POCT could also improve OS in patients of ages≤60, tumor lesion<6 cm and removal lymph nodes<10 ( P=0. 002?0. 049 ) . The 5?year progression?free survival (PFS) were 19. 0% with S,28. 8% with POCT,36. 4% with PORT,respectively (P=0. 012).PORT could improve PFS (P=0. 012);especially for patients of males,ages ≤60,upper?and middle segment ESCC,tumor lesion ≥6 cm,severe ahhesion at surgery,removal lymph node<10 and ≥10,well or middle differentiation,stageⅢa andⅢb(P=0. 001?0. 042).But POCT could not increased PFS (P=0. 119) . Conclusions In the treatment of patients with stage Ⅲ thoracic ESCC undergoing radical resection,both POCT and PORT can improve the OS rate, particularly in patients with stage Ⅲa or Ⅲb middle and upper thoracic ESCC, severe adhesion formation during surgery. and moderately or well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The DFS rate is improved in patients treated with PORT,but not in those treated with POCT.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the pattern and main characteristics of fatal cases related to medical disputes in Yancheng area. METHODS: Sixty fatal cases of medical disputes were retrospectively analyzed to elucidate the annual incidence, characters of distribution of hospitals, gender and age of the decedents, types of diseases, and cause of death. RESULTS: Among 60 fatal cases, most cases happened in health clinics of county, township and village. There were more males than females. The major medical specialties involved included internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and pediatrics, with the internal medicine specialty having the highest incidence. CONCLUSION Police institutions have advantages in investigation of these cases in their jurisdictions, which could enhance the ability of local medicolegal examination.
Autopsy ; Cause of Death ; Dissent and Disputes ; Environment ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Medicine ; Police ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo explore the pathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and the correlation between anger and depression and PMS of Gan-yang ascending syndrome (GYAS) and Gan-qi stagnation syndrome (GQSS) by detecting the neuro-reproductive hormones of PMS patients of GYAS and GOSS, thus providing theoretical reliance for diagnostic standards for clinical normative PMS.

METHODSUsing techniques such as HPLC, HPLC-MC, ELISA, and radioimmunoassay (RIA), levels of serum sex hormones (follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and prolactin), plasma neurotransmitters (gamma-aminobutyric acid, beta-endorphin, glutamic acid, dopamine, 5-HT, adrenaline, and noradrenaline), neurosteroids (allopregnanolone, pregnenolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone) in the follicular phase and the luteal phase of PMS patients of GYAS (30 cases) and GQSS (30 cases) were detected, and compared with the healthy control group (30 cases).

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in either index of the follicular phase among the 3 groups. Compared with the healthy control group, the testosterone level in PMS patients of GYAS in the luteal phase showed increasing tendency (P > 0.05). The levels of dopamine and 5-HT of PMS patients of GYAS in the luteal phase were higher and the gamma-aminobutyric acid level was lower than those of the healthy control group (all P < 0.05). The levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline of PMS patients of GYAS and GQSS in the luteal phase were higher than those of the healthy control group (all P < 0.05). The levels of allopregnanolone and pregnenolone of PMS patients of GYAS and GQSS in the luteal phase were lower, and the dehydroepiandrosterone level was higher than those of the healthy control group (all P < 0.05). The ratios of dehydroepiandrosterone/allopregnanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone/pregnenolone of PMS patients of GYAS and GQSS in the luteal phase were higher than those of the healthy control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe decreased levels of pregnenolone and allopregnanolone, increased dehydroepiandrosterone levels, and increased ratios of dehydroepiandrosterone/allopregnanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone/pregnenolone might be one of biological factors for anger and depression in PMS patients of GYAS and GQSS.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Dehydroepiandrosterone ; blood ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Follicular Phase ; blood ; Humans ; Luteal Phase ; blood ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Pregnanolone ; blood ; Pregnenolone ; blood ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; blood ; diagnosis ; Progesterone ; blood ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDThe CRF07_BC recombinant strain has been one of the most predominantly circulated HIV-1 strains in China, it is therefore necessary and urgent to develop a relevant animal model to evaluate candidate vaccines targeting HIV-1 CRF07_BC. A highly replication-competent simian/human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIV) construct containing the Chinese CRF07_BC HIV-1 env gene with the ability to infect Chinese rhesus monkeys would serve as an important tool in the development of HIV vaccines. The aim of this study was to examine whether SHIV XJDC6431 with the env fragment from a Chinese HIV-1 isolate virus could infect the human and monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), establish infection in Chinese rhesus macaque.

METHODSA SHIV strain was constructed by replacing the rev/env genes of SHIV KB9 with the corresponding fragment derived from the HIV-1 CRF07_BC strain. The infectious activity of the SHIV clones was determined in vitro in PBMCs from both non-human primate animals and humans. Finally, one Chinese rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was infected with one SHIV via intravenous infusion.

RESULTSOne SHIV clone designated as SHIV XJDC6431, was generated that could infect macaque and human PBMC. The virus produced from this clone also efficiently infected the CCR5-expressing GHOST cell lines, indicating that it uses CCR5 as its coreceptor. Finally, the virus was intravenously inoculated into one Chinese rhesus macaque. Eventually, the animal became infected as shown by the occurrence of viremia within 3 of infection. The viral load reached 105 copies of viral RNA per ml of plasma during the acute phase of infection and lasted for 10 weeks post infection.

CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that SHIV XJDC6431 is an R5-tropic chimeric virus, which can establish infection not only in vitro but also in vivo in the Chinese rhesus macaque. Although the animal inoculated with SHIV XJDC6431 became infected without developing a pathologic phenotype, the virus efficiently replicated with a persistent level of viral load in the plasma. This suggested that the SHIV could be used as a tool to test candidate AIDS vaccines targeting the Chinese HIV-1 CRF_07BC recombinant strain.

Animals ; Chimera ; Genes, env ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Proviruses ; genetics ; Receptors, CCR5 ; physiology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ; genetics ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of the estrogen receptors(ER) in breast hypertrophy and micromastia.

METHODSThe quantity of ER within breast tissue in 13 patients with mammary hypertrophy strictly elected was determined using DCC single dot test. The results were compared with that measured in 13 patients with micromastia.

RESULTSThe average of the quantity of the ER was respectively (5.33 +/- 5.70) fmol/mg and (1.17 +/- 0.86) fmol/mg in mammary hypertrophy ground and in the micromastia group. There was obvious significant between the two groups in a statistics basis (P < 0.05) .

CONCLUSIONSThe breast hypertrophy is related to the excessive expression of ER within breast tissue,while the micromastia and breast hypotrophy are related to the lower level or the expression inhibition of ER.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Breast ; abnormalities ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to search for a perfect treatment for the complications after polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for augmentation mammaplasty.

METHODS48 patients who accepted polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for augmentation mammaplasty were included in this study. Operations were performed for the complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection. The clinical data were analyzed and the experience in the treatment of the complications was summarized.

RESULTSAll patients were satisfied with the result of the operation. The B-ultrasonic examination showed that no visible polyacrylamide hydrogel remained in the cavity.

CONCLUSIONThe best therapy for the complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection was removing of the polyacrylamide hydrogel and the pathologic tissue and irrigation of the cavity.

Acrylic Resins ; administration & dosage ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Infection ; etiology ; surgery ; Injections ; Mammaplasty ; adverse effects ; methods ; Pain ; etiology ; surgery ; Postoperative Care ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; surgery ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; standards ; Treatment Outcome