Adipocyte derives from multipotential stem cell.During the course of differentiation, it covers multipotential stem cell,adipoblast,preadipocyte,immature adipose cell,adipocyte.Each stage has its singular cellular phenotype and specific molecular marker.This article is aimed to review the advance research of this aspect.

OBJECTIVETo explore the features of various mediastinal lymphadenopathies using computed tomography perfusion (CTP).

METHODSCTP parameters (CTPs) of the selected mediastinal nodes from 59 patients with pathology-proven malignant lymph nodes and of those from 29 patients with clinically diagnosed or pathology-proven inflammatory lymphadenopathies were collected. Patients were divided into subgroups by etiology and phase of primary disease, including different pathological malignant nodes and diverse inflammatory nodes. CTPs were defined as blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), permeability (PMB), and time to peak (TTP). Differences of CTPs were compared between malignant and benign nodes, and among subgroups, respectively.

RESULTSIn the mediastinum, no significant differences of CTPs were found between malignant and benign groups (all P>0.05), the same for subgroups of malignant nodes (all P>0.05). Acute lymphadenitis had higher BF and BV than chronic inflammatory, lymphoid tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and malignant nodes. The BF of malignant nodes was markedly slower than that of acute lymphadenitis (P=0.01), but faster than chronic inflammatory nodes (P=0.04) and sarcoidosis (P=0.03), with no significant difference compared with lymphoid tuberculosis. Pneumonia-complicated lymphoid tuberculosis showed the longest MTT while sarcoidosis displayed the shortest MTT, and inflammatory nodes, lymphoid tuberculosis without complicated pneumonia and malignant nodes had moderate MTT.

CONCLUSIONCTPs show promising potential in distinguishing various lymphadenopathies in the mediastinum, but more studies are needed to improve their specificity.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; diagnostic imaging ; Lymphatic Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Mediastinal Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Perfusion ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of simvastatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of prostatic epithelial RWPE-1 cells.

METHODSRWPE-1 cells cultured in vitro were treated with simvastatin at 0, 10, 20, and 40 μmol/L for 24, 48, and 72 hours followed by determination of their proliferation by MTT assay, and their apoptosis by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, and Cx43 were detected by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.

RESULTSAfter 72 hours of treatment with simvastatin at 10, 20, and 40 μmol/L, the inhibition rates of the RWPE-1 cells were (21.07 ± 6.41)%, (34.87 ± 9.65)%, and (47.18 ± 10.88)%, respectively, significantly higher than (1.21 ± 0.54)% in the control group (P < 0.05) and in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05); the cell apoptosis rates were (0.066 ± 0.016)%, (0.126 ± 0.023)%, and (0.192 ± 0.025)%, respectively, remarkably higher than (0.015 ± 0.005)% in the control (P < 0.05) and also in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05); the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2 were decreasing while those of Bax and Cx43 increasing with the increased concentration of simvastatin (P < 0.05). The expression of Cx43 was correlated negatively with that of Bcl-2 but positively with that of Bax.

CONCLUSIONSimvastatin inhibits the proliferation of prostate epithelial cells and induce their apoptosis by acting on the gap junctional intercellular communication.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Connexin 43 ; metabolism ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; physiology ; Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Male ; Prostate ; cytology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Simvastatin ; pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo determine whether oral statins can delay the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

METHODSWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 50-69-year-old males who came for physical examination in our hospital between January 2003 and December 2008. We designed the inclusion criteria, followed them up for 5 years, and investigated the relationship of oral statins with the clinical progression of BPH and LUTS.

RESULTSTotally, 653 men met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study, of whom 283 were treated with oral statins (group 1) while the other 370 with none (group 2). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in age and baseline IPSS, Qmax, and prostate volume (PV) (P > 0.05). During the follow-up, 24 cases in group 1 and 35 cases in group 2 were excluded for obvious dys-uria. A gradual increase was observed in IPSS in both groups 1 and 2 year by year from the baseline to the 5th year of follow-up, but significantly lower in the former group (4.27 +/- 1.16, 4.63 +/- 1.05, 5.27 +/- 0.96, 6.41 +/- 1.04, 7.21 +/- 1.21, and 7.93 +/-1.50) than in the latter (4.24 +/- 1.35, 5.26 +/- 1.23, 6.84 +/- 1.20, 8.75 +/- 1.84, 10.82 +/- 3.01, and 12.98 +/- 4.21) (P < 0.01); a gradual decrease was seen in Qmax, though markedly higher in group 1 ([26.56 +/- 2.09], [24.06 +/- 1.94], [21.33 +/- 1.66], [19.24 +/- 1.54], [17.44 +/- 1.53], and [16.27 +/- 1.37] ml/s) than in group 2 ([26.74 +/- 2.40], [23.62 +/- 2.01], [20.63 +/- 1.69], [17.72 +/- 1.48], [14.82 +/- 1.11], and [11.86 +/- 1.24] ml/s) (P < 0.01); and a gradual increase was found in PV, but remarkably smaller in the former group ([19.82 +/- 4.94], [22.60 +/- 4.99], [25.80 +/- 5.20], [27.92 +/- 5.05], [29.11 +/- 5.24], and [29.97 +/- 5.26] ml) than in the latter ([20.21 +/- 4.78], [24.30 +/- 4.98], [28.50 +/- 5.14], [32.84 +/- 4.77], [36.99 +/- 4.78], and [40.90 +/- 4.78] ml) (P < 0.01). Longer medication of statins was associated with better efficacy.

CONCLUSIONOral statins can significantly delay the clinical progression of BPH and LUTS.

Aged ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Longitudinal Studies ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies

Adolescent ; Dentigerous Cyst ; pathology ; Humans ; Jaw Cysts ; pathology ; Male

Corynebacterium glutamicum SA001 is a mutant with lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) deletion. In order to increase metabolic flux from isocitrate to succinate, and to improve the production of succinate under anaerobic conditions,we transducted the gene aceA coding isocitrate lyase (ICL) from Escherichia coli K12 into Corynebacterium glutamicum SA001 (SA001/pXMJ19-aceA). After 12 h aerobic induction by adding 0.8 mmol/L of IPTG, the recombinant strain was transferred to anaerobic fermentation for 16 h. Succinate reached 14.84 g/L, with a productivity of 0.83 g/(L x h). Compared to C. glutamicum SA001, the activity of ICL of the recombinant strain was increased 5.8-fold, and the succinate productivity was increased 48%. Overexpression of isocitrate lyase will increase the metabolic flux of glyoxylate bypass flowing to succinate.
Corynebacterium glutamicum ; genetics ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; enzymology ; genetics ; Gene Deletion ; Industrial Microbiology ; Isocitrate Lyase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Succinic Acid ; metabolism ; Transduction, Genetic

Glioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; pathology

Adult ; Aged ; Cause of Death ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Purpose To investigate the diagnostic value of the arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) using multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT). Materials and Methods Thirty-four patients who were suspected as ARVD received right ventricular radiography, including 16 ARVD patients and 15 non-ARVD patients regarded as control group. The structural and shaped change of heart on reconstructed images of long axis, short axis and four cavity surface and analyze were observed, and MSCT features of right ventricular radiography characteristics were analyzed for ARVD patients. Results Sixteen cases of ARVD were correctly diagnosed by MSCT, and 14 cases had fatty infiltration including 11 cases of apex of heart, 8 cases of inferior wall, 5 cases of anterior wall, 5 cases of anterior wall of funnel area, 3 cases of diagram, 4 cases of papillary muscle, 6 cases of muscular trabecula and moderator band and 1 case of whole right ventricular free wall. Five cases showed scallop sign, 16 cases excessive trabecular change, 11 cases thinned changes, and 16 cases enlarged changes of right ventricular wall. Conclusion MSCT features of right ventricular for ARVD have relative diagnostic characteristics, and the scallop sign and excessive trabecular change of right ventricular wall are its specific imaging characteristics.

Background The pathogenesis mechanism of diabetic cataract has not been fully elucidated.Researches showed that multiple biological pathways participate in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract,including oxidative stress.Astaxanthin can inhibit oxidative stress-mediated injury and lipid peroxidation.However,whether astaxanthin has the preventive effects on diabetic cataract is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the preventive effects of astaxanthin on metabolic cataract in type 1 diabetic rats.Methods Thirty-eight 6-week-old SPF male SD rats were used in this study,and 1％ streptozocin was intraperitoneally injected to establish type 1 diabetic models in 30 rats,and 24 successful models were assigned to diabetic model group,low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group.Equal volume of normal saline solution was injected in the same way in 8 rats as the normal control group.Mixture foods containing 50 mg/(kg · day) or 100 mg/(kg · day) astaxanthin with olive oil and fodder were used continuously for 3 months in the rats of low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group,respectively,and mixture food of olive oil with fodder was used in the diabetic model group.Only fodder was used in the same way in the rats of the normal control group.The opacification of lens was examined by slit lamp section radiography system and graded on a scale of 1-5.The specimen of lens were prepared for the hematoxylin & eosin stain.The expression and lation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) in the lens was examined using immunochemistry.The contents of oxidative stress-related indicators in the lens,such as AGEs,malonydialdehyde (MDA),catalase (CAT),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and mass fraction of glutathione (GSH),were assayed by ELISA.The experimental process complied with the national standard (Laboratory Animal Requirements of Environment and Housing Facilities [GB14925-2001]).Results The blood glucose levels of the rats were significantly higher in the diabetic model group,low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group than those in the normal control group at 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 weeks after modeling (all at P＜0.05),while the blood glucose levels of rats were not evidently different between low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group at various time points(all at P＞0.05).The rat lenses were transparent in the normal control group with scale of grade 1,and serious lens opacification was seen in the rats of the diabatic model group,with the scale of grade 5,while the rat lenses in the low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group were in grade 3-4.The contents of AGEs in the lenses were (7.23 ±0.50) μg/ml and (7.01 ±0.37) μg/ml,and M DA contents were (1.43 ± 0.22) mmol/L and (1.35±0.16)mmol/L in the low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group respectively,which were significantly lower than (7.61± 0.45) μg/ml and (1.62 ±0.42) mmol/L in the normal control group (all at P＜0.05).GSH contents in rat lenes were (272.70±12.53) ng/L and (283.52±16.17) ng/L,and SOD coneents were (55.45± 6.47) μmol/(min · L) and (56.73±5.12) μmol/(min · L),and CAT concents were (2.91 ±0.41) μmol/(min · L)and (3.02±0.13)μmol/ (min · L) in the low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group respectively,which were significantly higher than (241.52 ± 15.13) ng/L,(51.67 ± 5.45) μmol/(min · L) and (2.72 ± 0.27)μmol/(min · L) in the normal control group (all at P＜0.05).The GSH concent and SOD concent in rat lens were lower in the low-dose astaxanthin group than that in the high-dose astaxanthin group (both at P＜0.05).Conclusions Astaxanthin can postpone the pathogenesis and development of diabetic cataract in type 1 diabetic rats by antioxydative stress.