Objective To compare the effects of remifentanil infused at different rates on median effective target plasma concentration (EC50) of propofol inhibiting responses to laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion and determine the optimum infusion rate of remifentanil when used for fiberoptic bronchoscopy in pediatric patients.Methods Eighty-four ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ pediatric patients,aged 7 months-3 years,scheduled for elective fiberoptic bronchoscopy,were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n =28 each):normal saline group (group C),remifentanil infused at 3 ng· kg-1 ·min-1 group (group R1) and remifentanil infused at 5 ng· kg-1 · min-1 group (group R2).Responses to LMA insertion were defined as body movement and/or bucking during insertion.The initial target plasma concentrations of propofol were 5.2,4.8 and 4.4 μg/ml in groups C,R1 and R2,respectively.The target plasma concentration of propofol was determined by up-and-down sequential allocation.Each time the target plasma concentration increased/decreased by 0.2μg/ml.EC50 and 95 ％ confidence interval of propofol blunting responses to LMA insertion were determined by probit method.Results EC50 (95 ％ confidence interval) of propofol was 5.03 (4.92-5.12) μg/ml,4.71 (4.58-4.84) μg/rnl and 4.46 (4.20-4.94) μg/ml in groups C,R1 and R2,respectively.There was no significant difference in EC50 of propofol between groups R1 and C (P ＞ 0.05).EC50 of propofol was significantly lower in group R2 than in groups C and R1 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The infusion rate of remifentanil should not be lower than 5 ng· kg-1· min-1 when combined with propofol in pediatric patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

This study is to investigate the effect of artesunate on transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its possible mechanism. After the in vitro cultured RLE-6TN cells were treated with TGF-beta1 then artesunate intervened on it, after 24 h, expression of the markers of mesenchymal cell was assayed using Western blotting and real-time PCR analysis. Western blotting was also used to detect the effect of TGF-beta1 on the Smad3 and Smad7 expressions of RLE-6TN cells. Morphological alterations were examined by phase-contrast microscope, and ultrastructure changes by electron microscope. Incubation of RLE-6TN cells with TGF-beta1 resulted in the up-regulation of the expression of the mesenchymal cell markers, after artesunate intervened on it, resulted in the down-regulation of the expression. Meanwhile, incubation with artesunate intervened on RLE-6TN cells could lead to the apparent down-regulation of the expression of Smad3 and up-regulation of Samd7 and the transition of RLE-6TN cells to mesenchymal-like by TGF-beta1 induction, after artesunate intervened on it, RLE-6TN cells to epithelial-like. TGF-beta1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition process; artesunate can inhibit TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, the possible mechanism is up-regulation of the expression of Smad7 and down-regulation of the expression of Smad3, meanwhile inhibits phosphorylation of Smad3.

Objective To have knowledge of the exact cause of massive osteolysis. Methods Hair of patients from Xinjiang province was collected and 14 trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometryICP-MS. Results Trace elements imbalance in the body of patients was disturbed. Chromium and zinc which are benefit to the growth of the bones were only 0.5 ?g/g and 40 ?g/g respectively that were much lower compared with the healthy persons cadmium was much higher than the limit level in healthy person. Moreover the quantity and ratio of potassium and sodium in the patients were obvious abnormal. Conclusion According to the result of the present paper may be the environmental and dietary factors play an important role in pathogenesis of this disease.

Objective To detect genetic polymorphism of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) R753Q and Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) D299G and T399I ,and to analyze its role and mechanism in the occurrence and development of colorectal carcinoma .Meth‐ods Totally 256 cases of patients with colorectal carcinoma and 256 cases of healthy control individuals were collected .The geno‐types of TLR2 R753Q ,TLR4 D299G and TLR4 T399I were detected by using PCR‐RFLP method .The levels of IL‐1α,IL‐8 ,MIP‐1αand MCP‐1 protein were detected by using ELISA .Results It is shown that TLR4 T399I was associated with the risk of color‐ectal cancer .The frequency of CT combined TT genotype of T399I in case group and control group was 31 .2% and 18 .7% ,respec‐tively .The frequency of T allele in case group and control group was 18 .2% and 10 .2% ,respectively ,and difference was statistical‐ly significant(P<0 .05) .Individuals with T allele of T399I showed a 2 .534‐fold increase in colorectal cancer risk compared with the T399I C allele(95% CI:1 .462-2 .734 ,P<0 .01) .There were significant differences in the expression levels of IL‐1αand MCP‐1 in colorectal carcinoma tissues of different genotypes .The expression level of IL‐1α in patients with CT combined TT genotype of T399I and those with CC genotype was (36 .97 ± 21 .43) and (22 .27 ± 17 .89)pg/mg respectively ,and the expression level of MCP‐1 was (24 .57 ± 17 .74) and (12 .91 ± 9 .78)pg/mg respectively .Conclusion T399I TLR4 is associated with the occurrence and de‐velopment of colorectal carcinoma ,and the risk of colorectal carcinoma in individuals with T genotype is significantly increased ,in which monitoring the expression of IL‐1 and MCP‐1 in colorectal carcinoma tissues might be the mechanism .

Objective This paper is intended for establishing quality standard of Ershiwuwei Shanhu pill. Methods The TLC was used to indentify Pyrethrum tatsienense, Sesami nigrum semen, Aquilariae lignum resinatum, Caryophmlli flos, Acori calami rhizoma, Chebulae fructus, Aucklandiae radix and Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizome. For hydroxysafflor yellow A, the HPLC system consisted of WondaSil-C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm), methanol-acetonitrile- 0.7% phosphoric acid (26:2:72) as mobile phase, flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, detection wavelength at 403 nm. For liquiritin, the HPLC system consisted of WondaSil-C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm), acetonitrile (A)-0.05% phosphoric acid (B) as mobile phase, flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, detection wavelength at 237 nm. And for crocin-I, the HPLC system consisted of WondaSil-C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm), methanol-water (49:51) as mobile phase, flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, detection wavelength at 440 nm. Results The methods of TLC were simple with strong specificity and good reproducibility. The results of HPLC showed that calibration curve was linear in the ranges of 0.046 7-0.233 8μg for hydroxysafflor yellow A, and 0.510 6-1.531 8μg for liquiritin and 0.048 1-0.340 5μg for crocin-I. The average recovery rate was 102.01%, 99.50%and 99.32%, respectively. Conclusion The new method is more appropriate for the quality control of Ershiwuwei Shanhu pill.

This study is to investigate the effect of artesunate on transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its possible mechanism. After the in vitro cultured RLE-6TN cells were treated with TGF-beta1 then artesunate intervened on it, after 24 h, expression of the markers of mesenchymal cell was assayed using Western blotting and real-time PCR analysis. Western blotting was also used to detect the effect of TGF-beta1 on the Smad3 and Smad7 expressions of RLE-6TN cells. Morphological alterations were examined by phase-contrast microscope, and ultrastructure changes by electron microscope. Incubation of RLE-6TN cells with TGF-beta1 resulted in the up-regulation of the expression of the mesenchymal cell markers, after artesunate intervened on it, resulted in the down-regulation of the expression. Meanwhile, incubation with artesunate intervened on RLE-6TN cells could lead to the apparent down-regulation of the expression of Smad3 and up-regulation of Samd7 and the transition of RLE-6TN cells to mesenchymal-like by TGF-beta1 induction, after artesunate intervened on it, RLE-6TN cells to epithelial-like. TGF-beta1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition process; artesunate can inhibit TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, the possible mechanism is up-regulation of the expression of Smad7 and down-regulation of the expression of Smad3, meanwhile inhibits phosphorylation of Smad3.
Actins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Artemisia ; chemistry ; Artemisinins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; drug effects ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; pathology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Smad3 Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Smad7 Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; pharmacology ; Vimentin ; genetics ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo analyze the treatment of pediatric unstable pelvic fractures retrospectively and sum up the experiences and lessons.MethodsFrom October 1998 to March 2011,30 patients of unstable pelvic fractures with an average age of 7.9 years were admitted.All these cases were Torode-Zieg type Ⅳ.Hemorrhagic shock was determined in 14 patients,and associated with other fractures in 11,urogenital system injuries in 14,sacral plexus injuries in 3,iliac vascular injuries in 2,and diaphragm rupture in one patient.Blood transfusion was done as a component of damage control in 13 cases.The pelvic fractures were treated conservatively in 15 patients,with external fixation in 9,with internal fixation in 4,and with combined external and internal fixation in 1 patients.Hemipelvectomy was performed in the remaining one case.Results One patient died during the emergent surgery due to severe hemorrhage.Thirteen patients werelost follow-up.Sixteen patients were followed up for 3 months to 11 years.According to Cole's grading scale,functional outcome was excellent in 12,good in 1,fair in 2,and poor in 1.Residual vertical displacement after skeletal traction caused inclination of pelvis and leg length discrepancy in one patient.Hip subluxation caused by sciatic nerve injury was found in one patient who severely limped in the last follow-up,and slight gait abnormality due to associated lumbosacral plexus injury was determined in one patient.Conclusion Treatment of pediatric unstable pelvic fractures is different with that of adult cases.Damage control is more significant for children than for adults.Skeletal traction remains one of the main resorts of managing pediatric unstable pelvic fracture,often predicting good functional outcomes.Surgical fixation should be adopted if residual vertical displacement cannot be corrected by skeletal traction,and should be minimal invasive as soon as possible.In addition,associated nerve injury is closely related to the functional prognosis and should be detected carefully and followed up closely.

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant murine interleukin-23(rIL-23)on systemic candidiasis in a murine model.Methods A cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed murine model of systemic candidiasis was established.The mice were divided into control group and rIL-23 treatment group.Colony forming units(CFU)of the kidney and spleen were determined by using plating dilution method.The histopathological changes and degree of infection of the kidney and spleen were graded.Meanwhile,the levels of interferon gamma(IFN-γ)in the spleen were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results On the 2nd,3rd and 7th day after Candida albicans infection the number of CFU of the fungi in the kidney in the control group was significantly greater than that in rIL-23 treatment group(P＜0.01).The number of CFU of the fungi on the 2nd,3rd and 7th day after Candida albicans infection in the spleen in control group was also greater than that in rIL-23 treatment group,but without statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).The scores of histopathological changes in the kidney in rIL-23 treatment group were lower than those in control group(P＜0.01),and the degree of infection was milder in rIL-23 treatment group.The scores of histopathological changes in the spleen in rIL-23 treatment group were also lower than those in control group,but without statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).The levels of IFN-γ in the spleen on the 2nd,3rd and 7th day after infection in rIL-23 treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion rIL-23 has protective effect on murine systemic candidiasis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathogenic infection and its drug resistance in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) and its correlation with serum PSA, and provide some evidence for the systematic and normalized diagnosis and treatment of prostatitis.

METHODSThree EPS swabs were collected from each of the 320 prostatis patients following measurement of the serum PSA level, 1 for bacterial culture and identification, 1 for detection of Mycoplasma and drug sensitivity, and the other for examination of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen by colloidal gold immunoblot.

RESULTSTotally 244 strains were isolated from the 320 EPS samples, including 188 bacterial strains (dominated by Staphylococcus and sensitive to vancomycin or linezolid) and 44 Mycoplasma and Chlamydia strains (mainly Ureaplasma urealyticum and susceptible to josamycin or doxycycline). The serum PSA level was significantly higher in the pathogen-positive than in the pathogen-negative group ([6.98 +/- 0.56] microg/L vs [2.32 +/- 0.12] microg/L, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONProstatitis may lead to the elevation of the serum PSA level and the pathogens involved vary in their resistance to different antibacterial spectrums. Therefore, appropriate and individualized antibiotic therapy should be selected according to etiological diagnosis and the results of drug sensitivity test.

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate ; microbiology ; secretion ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatitis ; blood ; microbiology ; Young Adult

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Female ; Hexanes ; analysis ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; statistics & numerical data ; Shoes