Delivery of Health Care ; legislation & jurisprudence ; methods ; Female ; Forecasting ; Health Services for the Aged ; legislation & jurisprudence ; supply & distribution ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Informatics ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Time Factors

China ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; standards ; Pathology, Clinical ; methods ; Quality Control

Candida albicans ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Extracellular Matrix ; metabolism

CD40 Ligand ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

Cholangitis, Sclerosing ; complications ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; etiology ; Humans

Capsule Endoscopy ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; etiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; etiology ; pathology ; Nevus, Blue ; etiology ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; etiology ; pathology

Objective To explore the constitutional characteristics and risk in tinnitus patients. Methods The inclusion criteria were established on the basis of requests of constitution research. Those patients from the tinnitus clinic of Yueyang Hospital of Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine with the tinnitus as the chief complaint were included in accordance with the "Scale of TCM Constitution" to analyze the constituent ratio of various constitution types. Results There were 147 cases of gentleness type (29.64%),349 cases of biased constitution (70.36%),including 77 cases of yang-deficiency type (15.52%),37 cases of qi-deficiency type (7.46%),12 cases of yin-deficiency type (2.42%),11 cases of phlegm-damp type (2.22%),4 cases of special diathesis type (0.81%),156 cases of other type based on qi-deficiency type (31.45%),and 52 cases of other type based on yang-deficiency type (10.48%). The incidence of tinnitus was positively correlated with the patients' age. The patients mainly distributed in over 55 years of age. Gentleness type,qi-deficiency type,yang-deficiency type,other type based on qi-deficiency type,and other type based on yang-deficiency type were mainly distributed in course of disease in 0~3 months and 1~5 years. In the distribution of chronic-acute onset,all cases were chronic. Conclusion Qi-deficiency constitution and yang-deficiency constitution are the main constitutional types and risk factors for tinnitus. It is significant to improve qi-deficiency constitution and yang-deficiency constitution for treating and preventing tinnitus.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for investigating the disease burden of diabetic patients and promoting rational drug use. METHODS:Open-ended questionnaires were adopted to survey the willingness to pay(WTP)of some diabetic patients in Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital and collect the data about personal information,health status,the affordability of disease and WTP,the data was sorted with Excel (version 2013) software by two operators and analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software by step-wise multiple linear regression to explore the influential factors of WTP values. RESULTS:Totally 120 questionnaires were sent out and 106 were effectively received with effective rate of 88.3%. The average age of respondents was (59.9 ± 13.9) years old,the average body mass index (BMI) of respondents was (24.5 ± 0.5) kg/m2,the highest proportion of monthly diabetes fees was no more than 300 yuan,followed by more than 300-500 yuan and more than 500-1 000 yuan;the awareness rates of fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were 95.3%,86.8% and 68.9%,respectively;and patients with more than 2 complications accounted for 29.5%. The WTP values of respondents to the complete recovery of HbA1c,FPG and 2 h PG were 1 604.1,1 617.9 and 1 683.7 yuan/month,the median values were 1 000 yuan/month;the WTP values of respondents to the 10% recovery were 867.4,908.5 and 877.9 yuan/month,the median values were 500,575 and 510 yuan/month,respectively. The influential factors with positive effects and significant differences on WTP values in step-wise multiple linear regression were total annual household income,complications,hospital experience,family history of di-abetes,diabetes mental status and cost of diabetes in the past months;those with negative effects and significant differences on WTP values were age,FPG level and education level. CONCLUSIONS:Diabetic patients,particularly,with peripheral neuropa-thy,high blood lipids or diabetic foot have higher WTP value,which shows they hole heavier mental burden and disease burden than others. Patients recovered 10% percent were closer to actual treatment state,which better show the influential factors of WTP values actually,and patients with a family history of diabetes,depressed mood,higher fees in the average monthly cost,and hospi-tal patients have higher WTP values.

Aim To investigate the effects of chloride on the injury of the ventricular myocytes from anoxia-reoxygenation. Methods Under the conditions of anoxia-reoxygenation injury, primary cultured rat ventricular myocytes were treated with 4-acetanide- 4′-isothiocya- natostilbene -2,2′-disulfonic acid (SITS),4,4′,-dii sothiocya-nostilbene-2,2′-disulfonicacid (DIDS) or replaced Cl~- with equimolar gluconate, respectively. Then the cell viability and the contents of Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the media were measured. Results The release of LDH and MDA was significantly increased in the anoxia-reoxygenation group, while the cell viability and the activity of SOD, GSH-Px decreased significantly compared with those in the control group. In both Cl~--free+ A-R group and SITS+A-R group, LDH and MDA release was noticeably lower than those of the A-R group, while the cell viability and the activity of SOD, GSH-Px significantly increased compared with those in the anoxia-reoxygenation group. But the cell viability and the contents of LDH, MDA, SOD and GSH-Px in the DIDS+A-R group had no significant change compared with those in the anoxia-reoxygenation group.Conclusion Cl~- plays an important role in anoxia reoxygenation injury. SITS provides effective protection to the cardiac myocyte subjected to anoxia reoxygenation injury, while DIDS cannot provide such protection.

Objective To explore the effect of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) transferred by Nell-1 gene combined with biomaterial fibrin glue (FG) to enhance segmental bone defect healing in dog mandible. Methods Nell-1 gene vector was reconstructed in retroviral vector and then transfected BMSC. The protein of Nell-1 gene in transferred cells was determined by immunohistochemistry. Segmental defects were created surgically in the dog’s mandible. The defect was repaired with BMSC transfected by Nell-1 retroviral granules in presence of FG,untransfected BMSC in combination with FG,and FG alone. The control group was left untreated. The defect-repairing capability for each treatment were assessed by gross observation,radiography,and histology at 8th week and 16th week. Results Cells transfected by Nell-1 retroviral granules expressed abundant Nell-1 mRNA and protein in the cytoplasm. Positive results were not found in those cells that were not transferred. The use of BMSC transferred by Nell-1 retroviral granules combined with FG materials exhibited the strongest defect-repairing ability. Gross observation,radiographical and histomorphometric analyses revealed a significantly greater total area of bone formation,increased amount of the new bone in the defects than in those treated with the untransfected BMSC. Conclusion Nell-1 gene transfection may be used to promote the osteogenic ability of BMSC.