Objective To investigate the pathogenic constitution of thyroid nodular diasease and it' s di-agnosis and treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on data of 576 patients accepted hospi-tal therapy with thyroid nodular diasease from January 2004 to June 2008.Results Definite diagnosis of all easeswere made by surgery biopsy or fine needle aspiration-cytology.529 eases were benign lesions, another 47 eases were malignant lesions.Condusions Ultra-sound , FNAC and frozen sections have important value in differenti-al diagnosis for the thyroid nodules, nodular goiter is most common, and which have a close relationship with thy-roid carcinoma.Regular surgical resection would reduce the recurrence of thyroid nodular diasease and avoid missed diagnosis for thyroid carcinoma.

Objective To summarize the experience of how to preserve parathyroid glands and their function in thyroidectomy. Methods Data of 872 patients with thyroid carcinoma who entered our hospital from May. 2006 to Oct. 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Parathyroid damage rate was 2. 06% (18/872)and permanent hypoparathyroidism was 0. 23% (2/872). All occurred in total thyroidectomy. Conclusions Preserving blood supply for parathyroid and avoiding direct contusion or misresection are important for preventing hypoparathyroidism in thyroidectomy. Calcium supplementation should be given to patients with obviously low serum calcium level after surgery to prevent permanent hypoparathroidism.

Objective To discuss the operative technical details in reducing complications after thyroid diseases reoperation, especially how to choose operative method and preserve laryngeal recurrent nerve and parathyroid gland. Methods The study protocols of 183 patients undergoing reoperation for thyroid disease from Jan. 2000 to Mar. 2009 were reviewed. There were 115 cases of benign and 68 cases of malignant thyroid diseases to observe the postoperative complications. Results The rates of temporary and permanent laryngeal recurrent nerve injury were 4.92% (9/183) and 1.64% (3/183), respectively. The rates of temporary and permanent hypocalcemia were 4.37% (8/183) and 0.55% (1/183), respectively. The rate of postoperative internal hemorrhage was 0.55%(1/183). Conclusions The thyroid reoperation was more difficult and can seduced a high rate surgical complication. The thyroid reoperation can be successfully performed if the operators could pay attention to the operative skill.

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Systems Theory

Objective To evaluate DSA and MRI in diagnosing focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH) of the liver.Methods DSA and MRI findings in seven patients with pathologically-proved FNH were retrospectively analyzed.Selective hepatic arteriography with DSA,and both plain and dynamic contrastenhanced MR scans were performed in all patients.The imaging findings were retrospectively evaluated and analyzed.Results On DSA examination,all FNH lesions were hyper-vascular,which were characterized by thickened and tortuous feeding arteries.And the feeding arteries,after entering the lesions,branched off peripherally in a radiation pattern and the lesions were evenly dyed with sharp borders.In venous phase,hepatic vein drainage was demonstrated in 6 cases.On dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI,marked enhancement of the lesions was observed,which lasted until to delayed phase when the lesions still showed hyper-intensity or iso-intensity signals.Scar signal in the lesion's center was seen in three cases,which started to enhance at portal vein phase and maintained to delayed phase.Conclusion On DSA imaging,FNH lesions are characterized by thickened and tortuous feeding arteries that branch off peripherally in a radiation pattern after entering the lesions.And the hepatic vein drainage is also a common finding in venous phase.Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI can well display the abnormal signal of the central scar of FNH.The combination use of DSA and MRI can effectively improve the diagnostic accuracy for FNH.

Objective To investigate and confirm the value of minimal invasion of separation between specific subcutancous layers of rats.Methods Thirty-two male SD rats were randomized into four groups,group 1:normal incision plus separation beneath superficial fascia; group 2:normal incision plus subdermal separation; group 3:normal incision plus extended separation beneath superficial fascia ; group 4:extended incision plus separation beneath superficial fascia.Blood sampling was taken preopeatively,2 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h postoperatively.The increase of serum IL-6 and neutrophil elastase levels were compared between different groups.Results Compared with each other,the increase of serum IL-6 and NE levels in group 1 vs 3 and group 2 vs 4 was not different significantly (P value was 0.074,0.096 and 0.747,0.897,respectively).However,the increase of serum levels in group 1 vs 2,1 vs 4,3 vs 2 and 3 vs 4 was different significantly (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Operation of separating beneath superficial fascia plus small skin incision in rats conduces to relatively minimal invasion.

OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for the improvement of curriculum system of Pharmacy Administration(Ph.A).METHODS:The basic information was collected by searching official website and the websites of universities and colleges,and the detailed data were collected through questionnaire survey.RESULTS:In the 111 universities and colleges investigated,a total of 51 curriculums(or 399 courses) related to Ph.A were set up.The main curriculums are pharmacy administration(210 courses),pharmaceutical marketing(61 courses),pharmacy laws and regulations(26 courses).In different universities and colleges,the credit hours,semester and property of Ph.A curriculums are different.CONCLUSIONS:The system of Ph.A curriculums has become more and more comprehensive,and the setup of each course suits the need of social needs.But the setup of curriculums of Ph.A in each university or college was far from systematical,and its structure remained to be optimized,and the structure of the teaching materials of Ph.A should be strengthened.

OBJECTIVE: To provide suggestion for the construction of teaching staff and the improvement of the discipline of Pharmacy Administration(Ph.A).METHODS: The basic information was collected by searching official website and the websites of universities and colleges etc,and a questionnaire survey was conducted among pharmacy univeristies or colleges by means of telephone interview or on-the-spot interview etc.RESULTS: A total of 108 pharmacy univeristies or colleges sent back the effective questionnaires.There were a total of 276 Ph.A teachers,including 142 male and 134 female;145 were full-time Ph.A and 131 were part-time teachers.There were only part-time teachers in 63 universities / colleges,of whom,91 were from other teaching or research department of the discipline of pharmacy,24 from party or government administration of school,9 from hospitals,4 from pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises,and 3 from drug administration department.CONCLUSION: The resources of Ph.A teachers are various,and the access qualification is quite low.It isadvisable to strengthen the building of Ph.A faculty and improve the whole level of Ph.A teachers.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the establishment of performance indicator system for evaluating National essential medicines system in China. METHODS:To analyze the theory and approach of policy evaluation and WHO indicators for evaluating national drug policies. A literature study on relevant information was conducted. RESULTS & CONCLUSION:China may refer to WHO framework for the evaluation index system,according to the target of various stages of essential drugs system,in the implementation of our system of essential medicines on the basis of a full investigation,combined with our medical and health background and status,build essential drugs system of performance appraisal system and performance indicators.

AlM:To compare the clinical results of different surgical methods for diabetic antipathy.
METHODS: Eighty cases ( 102 eyes ) with diabetic antipathy were selected in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2013. Thirty-eight cases (48 eyes) in group A received joint surgical treatment, 42 cases (54 eyes) in group B took staging of surgical treatment. The clinical effect was observed in both groups.
RESULTS: The vision after surgery was improved than that of before surgery in two groups, there were no significant differences ( P > 0. 05 ). A postoperative complication rate was 16. 7% in group A and 22. 2% in group B, showed no significant difference (P>0. 05).
CONCLUSlON: Surgery and staging joint surgery are both feasible for diabetic retinopathy patients, can, improve the visionr. Both of them are worthy of clinical application.