A method of observation, examination and record was introduced in this paper, which was applicable for microorganism materials (example : bacteria, yeast moulds), animal and plant materials (example: animal tissue, flowers), bio-masromolecule (example: starch), industrial crystals, metallograph tests and general physics tests, through the hyphae, spores, spore sacs, expanding hyphae in fermentation and riboflavin crystals of E. ashbyii T30 (a riboflavin high-yield strain) had been observed.

Calcium Pyrophosphate ; metabolism ; Cartilage, Articular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chondrocalcinosis ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gout ; pathology ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis ; etiology ; pathology ; Radiography

Animals ; Arthritis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of laminin and laminin-receptor in pulmonary carcinoma and cancer metastasis as well as prognosis.Methods Techniques of immune histochemistry were used.Results The higher the pathological grade of pulmonary carcinoma was, the higher the level of expression of laminin was. There were significant differences betweenⅠgrade group andⅡgrade group and Ⅲ grade group and Ⅳ grade group. The expression of laminin was also related to lymph node metastasis (P

Objective To research the expression and clinical significance of SALL 4 gene in cervical cancer .Methods The ex-pression of SALL4 in 56 samples of cervical cancer and 35 samples of normal cervical tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR ,and its relationship with the clinicopathological characteristics of cervical cancer was analyzed .Results The expres-sion of SALL4 mRNA was 2 .56 ± 0 .22 in cervical cancer tissues ,which was significantly higher than 0 .38 ± 0 .03 in the normal cer-vical tissues .the difference between them had statistical significance(t=58 .1 ,P<0 .01);the positive expression rate of SALL4 pro-tein was 80 .4% (45/56) in cervical cancer ,which was significantly higher than 11 .4% (4/35) in the normal cervical tissues (χ2 =41 .177 ,P<0 .01) .The positive expression of SALL4 in the cervical cancer tissues was correlated with the differentiation status of tumor ,which in the middle and high differentiation groups was lower than that in the low differentiation group (χ2 =4 .226 ,P=0 .039) ,but had no correlation with age ,International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage ,tumor size ,pathologi-cal type and lymph node metastasis(P>0 .05) .Conclusion SALL4 is highly expressed in the cervical cancer tissues and correlated with the tumor differentiation ,which might play an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer .

Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; methods ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Survival Rate ; Tamoxifen ; therapeutic use

Objective To measure the temperature sensation threshold of trunk skin in healthy adults. Methods The threshold of cold sensation, warm sensation, cold pain sensation and heat pain sensation of trunk skin key points (T3, T7 and T11) were measured with Thermal Sensory Analyzer in 123 healthy adults. Results The thresholds of cold, warm, cold pain and heat pain sensations were obtained. The standard deviation of cold and warm threshold was less than that of heat pain. The range of cold sensation threshold was the largest. The heat pain sensation threshold increased with segmental declining and the sensation threshold increased with age. Conclusion Normal reference value should be established variously with the segment and age. The threshold of cold, warm varies less, while the threshold of cold pain and heat pain varies too much.

Traditional recombination technology of bacteria chromosome and its limitation were introduced. The definition of Red recombination technology is put forward: a method of homologous recombination between foreign linear DNA and the target gene in chromosomes mediated by ? phage Red system. The linear DNA referred here is general PCR product or oligonucleotide, which has a 36~50bp homologous sequence with the target gene in chromosome at both flanking. Red recombination technology leaves out the in vitro DNA restriction enzyme digestion and link process, which makes the knockout and alternation of target gene in bacteria chromosome relatively easier, and becomes an effective method to exploring genes and constructing new strains gradually. The gene inactivation and alternation method aiming at bacteria chromosome applied to Red recombination system was summarized by the structure element, action mechanism, and strategy of recombination, advantage and developing prospect. The Red system includes three genes: bet (aka?), exo and gam (aka ?). Exo is a 5′→3′ exonuclease, which degrades the 5′ ends of linear DNA molecules. Bet is a single-stranded DNA binding protein that binds to the single stranded 3′ ends generated by Exo and promotes annealing to complementary DNA. Gam binds to the host RecBCD complex and inhibits its exonuclease activity. Red recombination system may be constructed in such plasmids as pKD20 and pKD46 or in chromosome of bacteria. Most bacteria are not readily transformable with linear DNA because of the presence of intracellular exonucleases that degrade linear DNA. But when bacteria cells are transformed with pKD20 or pKD46 plasmid, or integrated with a detective ? prophage, Red recombination enzymes may be expressed in host cells, which make linear DNA with 36~50bp extensions that are homologous to both flanking of target genes transform E.coli readily and knock-out or alternate target gene. The Red recombination method is not only useful in chromosomal gene inactivation in E.coli, but also in other bacteria or virus, such as Salmonella, Shigella flexneri and virus HaSNPV. With the proceeding research, Red system will be applied for more and more purposes, and contribute a lot for gene improvement and gene function investigation in the coming Postgenome Era.

The clinical practice on real patients is more and more difficult in the present condition of the hospitals.Then,the modern medical simulating teaching is the main direction of the development in this field due to its characteristics,based on high- technology,simulating the real clinical circumstance,and being applicable in practice and avoiding the risk of clinical miscarriage. The significance and main development direction of modern medical simulated teaching will be discussed in this article.

Objective To investigate the effects of the HLA-Ⅰ and co-stimulators CD_(80)and CD_(86)on HT-29 cells surface, after heat killed Bifidobacterium and HT-29 cells were mingled culturing for 12 hours. Methods The HLA-Ⅰ and co-stimulators CD_(80)and CD_(86)on HT-29 cells surface were measured by Flow Cytometer. Results Heat killed Bifidobacterium can improve the expressions of HLA-1, CD_(80)and CD_(86)on HT-29 cells significantly, the livability of colon carcinoma cell was more than 90 %. Conclusion Heat killed Bifidobacterium have potential antitumorous features.