Objective To observe the protective effect of sodium hyaluronate (Na-HA),and its effects on mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) in cartilage of rabbit osteoarthritis (OA) model.Methods Forty eight white rabbits were divided into A,B,C groups randomly.Group A were normal controls,groups B and C were underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT).The rabbits in group B were injected normal saline after ACLT;Group C rabbits received intra-articular 1% sodium hyaluronate (HA) injections 5 weeks after surgery,0.3 ml once a week.At week 11 after the surgery,all rabbits were sacrificed.The cartilage changes on the medial femoral condyles were graded.Cartilage sections were stained with safranin-O and HE,mRNA expression of PPAR-γ was detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (Real Time-PCR).Results Cartilage degeneration in group B was significantly more severe than in groups A and C.The grey value of Safranin-O of B group were higher than groups A and C.Expression of PPAR-γ mRNA in group B was higher than that in groups A and C.Conclusion NaHA has a protective effect on articular cartilage degeneration,and the inhibitory effect on PPAR-γ mRNA expression may be one of the therapeutic mechanism of Na-HA.

Objective To discuss the risks of hypertension development with relation to the level of lipid variables among populations who had normal blood pressure at baseline study. Methods In April 2000, under the support of project "prevention of metabolic syndrome and multi-metabolic disorders in Jiangsu province", a cohort study was performed to obtain the baseline data among 8685 persons from age 34 to 74. In June of 2006, a follow-up investigation was carried out among those who had been in the study for 5 years after the baseline study started. 2603 persons who met the selection criteria and showed normal blood pressure during baseline study, were recruited in this investigation. The interval from the baseline to the follow-up studies was 6.38 years on average. Relationship between the risk of developing hypertension and the baseline level of lipid variables were analyzed. Results Relations between baseline lipid levels and the incidence of hypertension during the follow-up was discovered. In gender and age adjusted model, the lipid variables were all associated with hypertension(Wend test, P<0.01). In multivariable-adjusted model, HDL-C [aRR=0.71 (95%CI: 0.61-0.99)], non-HDL-C [αRR=1.28 (95%CI: 1.14-1.83)], TC/HDL-C ratio[aRR=1.41 (95%CI: 1.25-2.03)] and TG [αRR=1.49(95%CI: 1.30-2.13)] were again associated with hypertension (trend test, P<0.05). Even the αRR was much weakened after the baseline SBP, DBP were adjusted with Cox model, the significant relation of hypertension to HDL-C, TC/HDL-C ratio and TG still existed. Excluding the two factors of obesity (BMI≥28) and diabetes which had been recognized in marked linking with hypertension, lipid variables were still associated with hypertension. Conclusion Dyslipidemia might occur before being hypertensive. Hypertension was associated with HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and TG or even exclusion of obesity, diabetes and factors of smoking and drinking or baseline level of SBP, DBP were adjusted.

Objective To investigate the daily total fluoride intake in relating to the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in two villages in Jiangsu Province,in order to provide the scientific evidences for the control and prevention of endemic fluorosis.Methods Adults sampled from a high-fluoride Village,Wamiao,and a low-fluoride Village,Xinhuai,were surveyed in this study according to the fluoride concentration in their household shallow well.The average daily total fluoride intake from difierent sources and the skeletal fluorosis were investigated in each subject.Then the subjects from two villages were allocated into five subgroups(＜2.00,2.00～,3.00～,4.00～,≥5.00 mg/d),the relation fluoride intake and prevalence of osteofluorosis was analyzed.Results The prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in Wamiao Village was 31.06%(41/132),but no skeletal fluorosis case(0/35)was found in Xinhuai Village.According to the daily total fluoride intake,subjects with higher daily total fluoride intake tended to associated with a higher prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in a significant dose-response relationship(regression equation:y=2.624-6.855x+3.424x2:r=0.997).The benchmark dose lower limitation of daily total fluoride intake with 95% confidencewas 2.50 mg/d calculated according to this dose-response relationship,the reference dose(RfD)was 2.50 mg/d.In Wamiao Village a significant difference was also found between daily total fluoride intake in 41 subjects[(5.09±1.20)mg/d]with X-ray detectable skeletal fluorosis and in 91 subjects[(3.08±1.12)mg/d]without X-ray detectable skeletal fluorosis(t=-9.32,P＜0.01).Conclusions These findings indicate that the daily total fluoride intake has a significant dose-response relationship with the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in an endemic fluorosis area associated with high-fluoride drinking water;and the RfD in this study was lower than that in the national standard of"Chinese hygienic standard for daily total fluoride intake(WS/T 87-1996)"(3.50 mg/d).

As a kind of commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng has a high reputation at home and abroad. The research of ginseng has been expanded to medicine, pharmacy, biology, food science and other fields, with great achievements in recent years. Ginseng contains ginsenosides, volatile oil, carbohydrates, amino acids, polypeptides, inorganic elements and othser chemical constituents. Each component has extensive physiological activity, and is the base of ginseng's effect. After processing, the complicated changes are taken place in the constituents of ginseng, and some new substances produced. This paper aims to review the studies on chemical constituents and their mechanisms during ginseng processing, and the ideas, methods and the direction of the development of traditional Chinese medicine processing in the future.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaque is an essential pathogenetic mechanism of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), thereby, to stabilize the vulnerable plaque is of great importance for prevention and treatment of ACS. Recent study has shown the multi-target effects of traditional Chiese medicine intervention in stabilizing unstable atherosclerotic plaque is promising. The literatures involving this topic in recent years were reviewed in this paper.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Animals ; Coronary Artery Disease ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Phytotherapy

Objective To investigate the effect of reptroperitoneal laparoscopic operation on the parameters of platelet, D-dimer and thrombomodulin(TM). Methods Forty cases were divided into two groups according to the operative way, retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation (n= 20) and open operation (n=20). Blood samples were taken preoperatively and at the end of the surgery. The following parameters were measured and compared within each group and between groups: platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distributionwidth(PDW), D-dimer, TM. ResultsThere were no significant differences for the PLT, PDW, MPV, TM and D-dimer between before and after operation in each group. There was no difference between 2 groups either for all these indicators.No patients from either group suffered thrombosis or abnormal bleeding as a pastoperative complication. Conclusion Compared with the conventional operation, retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation dioesd not induce more change on parameters of platelet, D-dimer and TM.

Objective To evaluate the causes,prevention and treatment ot laparoscopic comphca- tions in urologic surgery.Methods From May 2000 to May 2004,135 urologic laparoscopies were per- formed,including 17 transperitoneal laparoscopies and 118 retroperitoneal laparoscopies.Of the135 cases,26 had adrenal adenoma extirpation;31 had roof-removal and decompression of renal cyst;25 had radical ne- phrectomy;6 had pyeloplasty;2 had partial resection of renal capsula and encapsulation of the great omen- tum;2 had partial nephrectomy;4 had pelviureteral resection;13 had ligation of renal pedicle lymphatic ves- sel;2 had ureterolysis;7 had ureterolithotomy;12 had ligation of spermophlebectasis;5 had exploration,re- duction and fixation of undescended testis.The intra-and post-operative complications were retrospectively reviewed and clinically analyzed.Results Overall,14 cases(10.4%)had complications.Intraoperative complications occurred in 10 cases,including 6 cases of peritoneal injuries,which were clamped during oper- ation;4 of vascular injuries,which resulted in conversion to open surgery.Postoperative complications oc- curred in 4 cases,including 2 of subcutaneous emphysema,which was spontaneously absorbed at 5 and 7 d after operation;1 of incision seepage,which was drained for 40 d and then disappeared;and 1 of urine reten- tion,for which urethral catheterization was kept for 3 d and then the patient had voluntary voiding.No death occurred in this series.Conclusions Understanding the characteristics of laparoscopic complications in u- rologic surgery and systematic training of the surgeons can reduce the occurrence of complications.

Objective To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung.Methods Clinicopathologic characteristics and immunohistochemical results of 42 cases with sarcoma- toid carcinoma of the lung were analyzed.Results Forty-two cases were pathologically proved to be spindle cell carcinoma,1 cases;giant cell carcinoma,1 case;carcinosarcoma,4 cases;pleomorphic carcinoma,36 cases.The tumors were composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.Immunohistochemistry showed that CK was positive in 24 of 24 cases,EMA was positive in 18 of 20 cases,Vim was positive in 25 of 25 cases.Eighteen cases were survival One-year survival rate was 61.2 %,with mean survival 13.3 months. Conclusion Diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung depends on pathologic and immunohistochemical results.

Objective Overexpressions of epidermal growth factor(EGF)and EGF receptor have been associ- ated with progression and invasive phenotype of pancreatic cancer.However,the underlying molecular mechanism by which EGF worked in pancreatic cancer cells has not been completely understood.In this study,effect of EGF on the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells and its regulatory mechanism were investigated.Methods The effects of EGF on the proliferation,adhesion and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells were detected by WST-1 prolif- eration assay,adhesion assay and invasive assay,respectively.The activity and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were examined by zymography,Western blot and RT-PCR,respectively.The activity of NF-?B was examined by EMSA.Results EGF could significantly promote the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells but did not affect cell proliferation or adhesion.The expressions of NF-?B and MMP-9 were significantly increased by EGF,but EGF did not affect the activity and expression of MMP-2.Furthermore,EGF stimulated the NF-?B binding activity.Pre- treatment with NF-?B inhibitors,pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC),could significantly inhibit the activity of NF-?B induced by EGF.Meanwhile,the EGF-induced expression and activity of MMP-9,as well as cell invasiveness were also inhibited by NF-?B inhibitor.Conclusion EGF could increase the expression and promote the invasiveness of MMP-9 via the activation of NF-?B in pancreatic cancer cells,which implies that NF-?B inhibitant,such as PDTC,may diminish the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of MRI-detected extramural venous invasion (mrEMVI) in predicting tumor responses to preoperative chemoradiatiotherapy (pre-CRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).Methods The clinicopathological data,tumor response and mrEMVI information of 47 LARC from February 2013 to December 2014 were retrospectively collected.mrEMVI was given 0-4 score according to the degree,3-4 score were defined as mrEMVI positive;patients with mrEMVI positive were divided into three subgroups according to vascular size (large,middle and small).Association between different mrEMVI subgroup and tumor response was analyzed using Fisher exact test.Result 26 patients were mrEMVI positive.18 and 8 patients scored 3 and 4 for mrEMVI positive,respectively;16,6 and 4 patients were small,middle and larger vessels of mrEMVI positive,respectively.Patients with mrEMVI positive had less TRG 0-1 than mrEMVI negative (P =0.019).Scored 4 and larger vessel of mrEMVI positive had less TRG 0-1 than mrEMVI negative (P =0.038 and 0.017).Conclusions mrEMVI positive score 4 or larger vessel predict poor tumor response to pre-CRT in patients of locally advanced rectal cancer.