Microbiology is an important basic course of biological subject.Base on using different modern means,the teaching method was explored and attempted,such as quiz teaching,discussion teaching,inductive teaching and teaching check.It is possible for students to be- come main part for teaching course,and student enthusiasm for study was mobilized.

Child ; Humans ; Plasma Exchange ; Thrombotic Microangiopathies ; therapy

This study was designed to explore the possibility of using ascitic mouse sarcoma cell line(S180) to validate the mouse tumor cell attachment assay for developmental toxicants, and to test the inhibitory effects of various developmental toxicants. The results showed that 2 of 3 developmental toxicants under consideration, sodium pentobarbital and ethanol, significantly inhibited S180cells attachment to Concanavalin A-coated surfaces. Inhibition was dependent on concentration, and the IC5o(the concentration that reduced attachment by 50% ), of these 2 chemicals was 1.2 ×10-3 mol/L and 1.0 mol/L, respectively. Another developmental toxicant, hydrocortisone, did not show inhibitory activity. Two non-developmental toxicants, sodium chloride and glycine were also testedand these did not decrease attachment rates. The main results reported here were generally similar to those obtained with ascitic mouse ovarian tumor cells as a model. Therefore, this study added further evidence to the conclusion that cell specificity does not limit attachment inhibition to Con A-coated surfaces, so S180 cell may serve as an alternative cell model, especially when other cell lines are unavailable. Furthermore, after optimal validation, it can be suggested that an S180 cell attachment assay may be a candidate for a series of assays to detect developmental toxicants.

Objective To establish a method for rapidly detecting the G-protein ?3 subunit (GNB3) 825 site single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and to analyse the relationship between GNB3 825 site gene SNP and obesity. Methods The real-time fluorescent PCR was employed to analyse the GNB3 825 site gene SNP of 420 samples from 21 provinces and the the frequencies of genotypes were compared with those detected by gene sequencing. GNB3 825 site genotype, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and fat content were examined from 207 subjects and the correlation between GNB3 825 site gene SNP and obesity was analysed. Results The result by real-time fluorescent PCR showed that the frequencies of 825T and 825C haploid were 46.90% and 53.10%, respectively, and the frequencies of 825TT, 825TC and 825CC genotype were 22.38%, 51.42% and 28.10%, respectively, with no other genotype detected, which was consistent with the result by gene sequencing. BMI and fat content were significantly higher in subjects with GNB3 825TT than in subjects with other genotypes. Body weight was much higher in subjects with GNB3 825TT genotype than in subjects with 825CC genotype, but not significantly different with 825CT genotype. Conclusion A new rapid method for the detection of GNB3 825 site SNP has been successfully established. There existed significant correlation between GNB3 825TT genotype and obesity.

Adolescent ; Child ; Collagen Type I ; metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix ; metabolism ; Female ; Fibrillin-1 ; Fibrillins ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Microfilament Proteins ; metabolism

Objective　To investigate the occurrence of postural hypotension (PH) in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without hypertension (DMH or DM), and the relationship of PH and diabetic neuropathy, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Methods　A total of 30 cases of type 2 DM and 30 cases of DMH were included in this study. The blood pressure of all subjects were measured in supine and standing body positions respectively and PH was defined as a decline from supine to standing was ≥20 mmHg in systolic blood pressures (SBP). The concentrations of blood glucose and plasma insulin were measured to calculate the insulin sensitive index (ISI). Autonomic and peripheral function was determined by measuring the postural heart rates and the conduction speeds of superficial peroneal and communicating branch of peroneal nerves etc respectively. Results　Significant difference (P<0.01) was found in the occurrence of PH in the patients with DM (40%) and those with DMH (67%). The changes of postural blood pressure were more obvious in those with DM+PH and DMH+PH than in those with simple DM (P<0.01). The conduction speeds of newes were significantly lower in those with DMH+PH than with simple DM (P<0.05), but the occurrence of autonomic neuropathy had no difference between the 2 groups. There was no difference in postural heart rate, body mass index and blood glucose levels in fasting and 2 h after meal among the DM, DM+PH and DMH+PH groups. The concentrations of plasma insulin of those with DMH+PH were significantly higher, but their ISI significantly lower than those of the patients with DM respectively (P<0.01). The decline of postural SBP in patients with DMH+PH had a significantly positive correlation with their plasma insulin levels in fasting condition (r=0.689, P<0.01). Conclusion　The patients with DMH are more prone to PH compared with those only with DM and PH damages their peripheral nerves. Most of diabetic patients with PH suffer from obvious IR and hyperinsulinemia, and if with hypertension, the above metabolic disturbances are more severe.

The study was aimed to investigate the immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in order to provide an evidence for diagnosis and therapy. Immunophenotypic analysis was performed by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and three-color immunofluorescence staining methods of flow cytometry in 51 patients with CLL, and the cytogenetic features were analyzed by R-banding technique. The results indicated that among 51 CLL cases, the positive rate of CD19 and CD23 was 96.1%, followed by CD15 (94.1%), CD20 (82.4%) and CD22 (78.4%). The positive rate of CD38 was 23.5%. Forty-six patients expressed both CD5 and CD19. Seven main clonal chromosomal abnormalities were detected by conventional cytogenetics (CC) in eighteen cases (35.3%), with three cases of +12, two cases of 13q(-), other chromosomal abnormalities included +14, 6q(-), t (11; 14), t (14; 18) and t (2; 7). Expression of the antigens had no relationship with chromosomal abnormalities. It is concluded that typical CLL express CD5, CD19 and CD23, and the positive rate detected by CC in CLL is low. Immunophenotyping in combination with cytogenetic technique plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of CLL.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD19 ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; genetics ; immunology ; Lewis X Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Translocation, Genetic ; genetics

Adult ; DNA, Viral ; Female ; Genome, Viral ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVESTo explore the effects of endotoxemia on gluconeogenesis in livers and kidneys during acute hepatic failure.

METHODTwenty-four healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups (6 rats in each group) and all of them were injected intraperitoneally with solutions: group I with normal saline, group II with 400 mg/kg of D-galactosamine (D-GaLN), group III with 400 mg/kg of D-GaLN plus 50 microg/kg lipopolysaccharide(LPS), and group IV with 400 mg/kg of D-GaLN plus 500 microg/kg LPS. At 6 hours after the administration of different solutions intraperitoneally, blood samples were collected to examine blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine. Realtime PCR was used to study the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in the livers and kidneys.

RESULTSNo endotoxemia developed in group I or group II but it was evident in group III and group IV. The level of endotoxemia in group IV was higher than in group III (8.05+/-0.43, 3.50+/-2.25, P<0.05). After 6 hours of administration of LPS in group IV, hypoglycemia appeared, and blood glucose was normal in the other three groups. BUN and serum creatinine were all normal in the four groups, except that blood urea nitrogen was elevated in group IV. The mRNA of PEPCK in livers decreased gradually in all the four groups (2.54+/-1.32 vs 1.87+/-0.15 vs 0.91+/-0.13 vs 0.44+/-0.42, P<0.05). In the kidneys there was no change in the expression of PEPCK in group I and group II (0.75+/-0.03 and 0.77+/-0.04, P>0.05), but it increased in group III (0.75+/-0.03 vs 1.63+/-0.86, P<0.05), and decreased in group IV (0.75+/-0.03 vs 0.13+/-0.07, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONDuring acute hepatic failure severe endotoxemia would damage the function of gluconeogenesis in livers and kidneys by inhibiting transcription of PEPCK and this can induce hypoglycemia.

Animals ; Endotoxemia ; metabolism ; Gluconeogenesis ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Liver Failure, Acute ; metabolism ; Male ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the molecular genetic causes and their characteristics of deafness in Ningxia province,we established screening of three common hereditary deafness genes in 336 deaf and hard-of-hearing patients in this district.Methods Peripheral blood samples were obtained from a total of 336 patients with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss in parts of special education schools in Ningxia province to extract genomic DNA.The mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA m.1555A ＞ G mutation was screened by PCR Alw26I digestion and sequence analysis PCR and direct sequencing were used to analyze the coding region of GJB2 and exons 8 and 19 of SLC26A4.Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 11.0 software.Frequencies of different GJB2 or SLC26A4 mutations were compared between Han and Hui people.Results Among these 336 patients,seven cases (2.08％,7/336) were found to carry mtDNA 12S rRNA m.1555A ＞ G homozygous mutation,45 cases ( 13.39％ ) were caused by GJB2 mutations and 28 cases (8.33％ ) had two mutated alleles (homozygote and compound heterozygote) of SLC26A4.In detail,16.67％ (56/336) patients carried GJB2 mutations including 11 single mutant carriers.The allele frequency of c.235delC and c.299_300delAT were 9.52％ (64/672) and 2.68％ ( 18/672),respectively,making up 81.19％ (82/101) of all pathogenic mutated alleles for GJB2.The single mutant allele carriers of SLC26A4 is 32,and two types (c.919-2A ＞ G and c.2168A ＞ G) accounted for 95.29％ (24/27)mutations,totally.We also found that statistically significant differences in c.919-2A ＞ G and c.2168A ＞ G frequencies between Han and Hui people ( c.919-2A ＞ G,x2 =8.229,P =0.004 ; c.2168 A ＞ G,x2 =5.277,P =0.022).However,there was no statistically significant difference in GJB2 mutation between Han and Hui people.Conclusions GJB2 mutation was a primary causc for non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss in Ningxia province,and c.235delC was the most common mutant forms of GJB2.c.919-2A ＞ G and c.2168A ＞ G were common mutant forms of SLC26A4,their frequencies were also statistically significant differences between Han and Hui people.