Actins ; analysis ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-19 ; analysis ; Keratin-20 ; analysis ; Muscle, Smooth ; chemistry ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; analysis ; Receptors, Estrogen ; analysis ; Receptors, Progesterone ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between breast cancer molecular classification and prognosis.

METHODSFrom January 2002 to December 2003, 708 female primary breast cancer patients with a mean age of 53 years old were retrospectively analyzed. The classification of breast cancer was according to the immunohistochemical results of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) status. Molecular classification definitions included highly endocrine responsive, incompletely endocrine responsive, triple negative, and HER2 positive. The prognosis among different molecular classifications of breast cancer was investigated. The survival rates of different classifications were compared by Log-rank test.

RESULTSThe proportion of highly endocrine responsive, incompletely endocrine responsive, HER2 positive and triple-negative breast cancer was 33.2% (235/708), 23.6% (167/708), 21.3% (151/708) and 21.9% (155/708). The follow-up period were from 3 to 68 months with a median of 40.2 months. A total of 100 cases were identified to had disease recurrence or death. Factors affecting the prognosis were tumor size, axillary lymph node status, molecular classification, adjuvant radiotherapy and adjuvant endocrine therapy by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that the molecular classification and lymph node status were the independent prognostic factors with the hazard ratio 1.205 (P = 0.047) and 4.512 (P = 0.000), respectively. Survival analysis showed that highly endocrine responsive breast cancer was with superior prognosis versus others.

CONCLUSIONSMolecular classification of breast cancer is an independent predictor of prognosis. Breast cancer patients classified as highly endocrine responsive subtype have the best outcome.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis

Objective To study the effects of diet and physical activity factors on blood pressure in nine provinces, using the multilevel model. Methods Data was collected in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). A total of 6706 men and 7140 women aged above 18 who attended at least one of the surveys in the year of 1997,2000,2004 and 2006 were selected, and a two-level male and female random intercept-slope growth models were applied to estimate the relationship between the intake of daily salt, vegetable, fruit, fat, protein as well as the time spent on the moderate or heavy physical activity and blood pressure. Results After controlling for age,education, BMI, drinks and total energy intake, mean of the daily salt intake per person was positively associated with systolic blood pressure in women ( β= 0.0481, s-x= 0.0178, P＜0.01 ). Mean of the daily vegetable intake per person was negatively associated with systolic blood pressure in men and women, with the regression coefficients as -0.0063,-0.0068 respectively, indicating that if mean of the daily vegetable intake per person increased by 100 g, the systolic blood pressure would decrease by 0.6 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) or more. In addition, the daily vegetable intake was also negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure (P＜0.01). Daily fruit intake was negatively associated with systolic blood pressure both in men and women, with regression coefficients as -0.0029 and -0.0031 respectively. Time spent on the moderate or heavy physical activity was also negatively associated with systolic blood pressure in both men and women, and diastolic blood pressure in women (P＜0.05). No relationship was found between daily fat, protein intake and blood pressure. Conclusion Daily salt, vegetable, fruit intake, time spent on the moderate or heavy physical activity were associated with blood pressure in both men and women. Programs on integrated lifestyle modifications including dietary salt reduction, eating more vegetable and fruits, increasing physical activity level, plus weight control were critical for the control of high blood pressure.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on the proliferation of rabbit chondrocytes in vitro.

METHODSChondrocytes from the knee joints of New Zealand white rabbits were cultured. bFGF or HA or both were added into the culture medium respectively, and the proliferation of the chondrocytes was measured with MTT 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2, 5-diphenyl-tetra-zolium bromide. (MTT, Sigma, M2128).

RESULTSBasic fibroblast growth factor (10 ng/ml) with low concentration of fetal bovine serum in the culture medium promoted the proliferation of chondrocytes significantly, and this effect reached its maximum when concentration of bFGF reached 50 ng/ml. HA itself had no effect on the proliferation of chondrocytes. However, when bFGF was used in combination with HA, especially when the concentration of bFGF was 50-500 ng/ml and that of HA was 10-50 ng/ml, the effect on the proliferation of chondrocytes was much more than when bFGF or HA was used alone.

CONCLUSIONSbFGF can promote the proliferation of chondrocytes. HA, which has no effect on the proliferation of the cells, can maintain a normal growth of chondrocytes. When bFGF is used in combination with HA, more proliferation is obtained.

Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes ; drug effects ; physiology ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; pharmacology ; Hyaluronic Acid ; pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Knee Joint ; cytology ; Male ; Probability ; Rabbits ; Sensitivity and Specificity

To understand genetic patterns of the morphological and physiological traits in flag leaf of barley, a double haploid (DH) population derived from the parents Yerong and Franklin was used to determine quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling length, width, length/width, and chlorophyll content of flag leaves. A total of 9 QTLs showing significantly additive effect were detected in 8 intervals on 5 chromosomes. The variation of individual QTL ranged from 1.9% to 20.2%. For chlorophyll content expressed as SPAD value, 4 QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2H, 3H and 6H; for leaf length and width, 2 QTLs located on chromosomes 5H and 7H, and 2 QTLs located on chromosome 5H were detected; and for length/width, 1 QTL was detected on chromosome 7H. The identification of these QTLs associated with the properties of flag leaf is useful for barley improvement in breeding programs.
Chlorophyll ; analysis ; Chromosome Mapping ; Hordeum ; genetics ; Phenotype ; Plant Leaves ; genetics ; Quantitative Trait Loci

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression levels of nm23, P53, and S100A4 in gastric carcinoma and their relationships with clinicopathologic parameters and metastasis potential.

METHODSPathological specimens from gastric carcinoma,matched para-tumor tissues, metastatic lymph node and distant metastatic tissues were examined for the expression levels of nm23, P53, and S100A4 proteins by tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe expression levels of P53 and S100A4 were upregulated (P< 0.01), while the expression of nm23 downregulated (P< 0.05) in gastric carcinoma compared with non-tumor tissues. S100A4 expression was significantly higher in distant metastatic tissues, while nm23 lower in metastatic lymph nodes than those in cancer tissues. Upregulating expression levels of nm23, P53, and S100A4 were significantly correlated with some malignant behaviour of gastric cancer. The expression rates of nm23+/P53+, P53+/S100A4+, and nm23+/S100A4+ immunohistochemical phenotypes were 48/74 (64.9%), 50/74 (67.6%), and 39/74 (52.7%). P53+/S100A4+, nm23+/S100A4+, and nm23+/P53+/S100A4+ phenotypes were associated with high metastasis potential of gastric cancer.

CONCLUSIONSAlteration of nm23, P53, and S100A4 expression may contribute to the development of gastric carcinoma. Nm23 and S100A4 proteins play a critical role in tumor metastasis. Co-detection of the expression of P53, nm23, and/or S100A4 can be used to evaluate high metastasis potential of gastric cancer.

Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4 ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo present a new mini-invasive surgery for compressive optic neuropathy (CON) in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) by adequately decompressing the orbital apex and correcting proptosis, and to analyze its results.

METHODSA retrospective chart was reviewed in 29 patients receiving orbital decompression for the treatment of CON secondary to GO from October 2006 to May 2011. All patients diagnosed CON were in stable and inactive phase of GO at least for 6 months. All patients received endoscopic transethmoid medial orbital wall decompression to reduce the compression on the orbital apex. In the meanwhile, an endoscopic transethmoid intraconal fat-removal orbital decompression was performed to remove parts of intraconal fat with a special aspiration/cutting instrument to further reduce the proptosis. All patients were followed up periodically.

RESULTSof improvement of visual acuity (VA), color vision, and amount of proptosis reduction and incidence of induced diplopia 9 months after surgery was recorded for analysis its feasibility.

RESULTSForty-five orbits of 29 patients were included in the study. At the 9 months review, 44 of 45 eyes (97.8%) improved their VA from -0.65±0.30 (x±s) preoperatively to -0.24±0.22, with a mean improvement of 0.55±0.17 (t=-13.012, P<0.001), 23 of 29 eyes (79.3%) had improved color vision (P<0.001), and the mean reduction in proptosis was (7.07±1.59) mm (range 4-11 mm). Postoperative symmetry to within 2 mm were achieved in all patients. Except 1 patient complaining of deterioration in diplopia following surgery, no patients presented new on-set diplopia postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONThe endoscopic transethmoid medial orbital wall decompression combined with the endoscopic transethmoid intraconal fat-removal orbital decompression is an effective treatment with minimal morbidity for both visional recovery and improvement of proptosis for CON in GO.

Adipose Tissue ; surgery ; Adult ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Endoscopy ; Ethmoid Bone ; surgery ; Female ; Graves Ophthalmopathy ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orbit ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; metabolism ; virology ; Genes, p53 ; Hepatitis B ; genetics ; metabolism ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Growth Protein 1 ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; virology ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on cytokines in the cardiac surgical patient and to evaluate the application of combined acupuncture anesthesia to cardiac surgery.

METHODSThirty patients with atrial septal defect were divided into 3 groups, general anesthesia group (A), acupuncture anesthesia group (B) and combined general anesthesia and EA group (C). Peripheral blood samples were collected before anesthesia, before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), 30 min after CPB and 24 h after operation to determine the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6 and IL-10.

RESULTSThe levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 decreased in the 3 groups after CPB and further decreased 24 h after operation, and in the group C were higher than those in the group B. The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 significantly increased 24 h after operation in the 3 groups with no significant difference among the 3 groups.

CONCLUSIONThe general anesthesia combined with EA can not completely improve the decrease of IFN-gamma and IL-2 induced by CPB, indicating that the good response of the general anesthesia combined with EA to stress can partially improve the immunosupression induced by CPB. Acupuncture does not have significant effect on inflammatory cytokine reaction induced by cardiac surgery.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Adult ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged

Cell Line, Tumor