BACKGROUND: The research group for the physical quality of minorities has performed the computer measurement of craniofacial organs in 15 minorities of Yunnan province, including Dai nationality, Yi nationality,Lagu nationality, Lisu nationality, etc., but those of Bulang nationality have not been conducted.OBJECTIVE: To completely and systematically measure the 41 items and 17 indexes of the craniofacial organs of Bulang minority in Bangbing countryside of Shuangjiang county in Lincang area.DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.SETTING: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: From May to October in 2002, 155 subjects of Bulang nationality, who were of pure blood lineage of Bulang nationality, and the three generations before whose parents were all Bulang nationality, were selected from the Bangbing countryside of Shuangjiang county in Lincang area, and they all participated in the study voluntarity, including 96 males and 59 females, and the forms and functions of their cranial and maxillofacial organs were all normal.METHODS: The subject was asked to sit up straightly, the skull was fixed with skull retention instrument, the Frankfurt horizontal plane should be parallel to the cross section, and the measurement points were marked with pen; The craniofacial images of the subject were recorded with camera at a distance of 5 m, and the images were input to the computer for later use. The self-designed video-computer measure system was adopted to measure craniofacial indexes. Judgement standards for the observed items:Besides the tab stops for distance between lip peaks, unilateral lip length,height of palpebral opening, breadth of nasal septum and nostril breadth by Xu et al, and those for frontonasal angle, nasolabial angle and nose angle by Ma et al, that for height of upper eyelid was self-designed, and the other items all referred to the requirements in Manual of Anthropometry[3] and Methods of Anthropometry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Forty-one measurement items:minimal malar breadth, bizygomatic breadth, interocular breadth, interpupillary distance, breadth of palpebral opening, breadth of mouth opening,distance between lip peaks, single lip length, height of palpebral opening,physiognomic frontal height, physiognomic facial height Ⅰ, physiognomic facial height Ⅱ, morphological facial height, physiognomic facial height Ⅲ,upper physiognomic facial height, nose height, lip height, whole upper lip height, whole lower lip height, height of 1/3 inferior face, chin height,height of upper eyelid, nose breadth, breadth of nasal septum, nostril breadth, breadth between two angles of jaw, external ear width, nose length, nose depth, physiognomic ear length, physiognomic eat width, frontonasal angle, nasolabial angle, nose angle, maximal head breadth, width between two traguses, maximal head length, auricular height, total head height, horizontal head circumference; ② 17 craniofacial indexes: head length breadth, head length height, head breadth height, frontoparietal breadth, physiognomic face, morphological face, upper physiognomic face,nose index, nose breadth depth, mouth index, physiognomic ear, frontal height, upper facial height, width of malar lower jaw, malar frontal breadth,craniofacial height, craniofacial breadth.RESULTS: All the 151 subjects were involved in the analysis of results.① Measurement items of craniofacial organs: Only the values of physiognomic ear length and frontonasal angle were higher in females than in males, all the other items were higher in males than in females. The statistical analysis indicated that except the items of height of upper eyelid,breadth of nasal septum, physiognomic eat width, frontonasal angle, nose angle, width between two traguses, total head height and horizontal head circumference (P ＞ 0.05), the values of all the other items were significantly different between males and females. ② Indexes of craniofacial organs:Only the indexes of head length breadth, head breadth height, frontoparietal breadth, physiognomic face, morphological face, frontal height, width of malar lower jaw, malar frontal breadth, craniofacial height had no significant differences between males and females (P ＞ 0.05), and the others were significantly different between males and females.CONCLUSION: Most of the 41 measurement items of craniofacial organs were higher in males than in females among the Bulang minority in Bangbing countryside of Shuangjiang county in Lincang area, and most of the 17 indexes of craniofacial organs have no significant differences.

Chikungunya virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; China ; Genome, Viral ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA

Objective To observe and contrast the effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine on the restlessness and analgesia during recovery period of anesthesia after tonsillectomy in children. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ child patients underwent tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were randomly divided into three groups, group P (appropriate amount of placebo was given in the operation), group D (dexmedetomidine) and group K (ketamine). Data of mean arterial pressure and heart rate of three groups were documented before anesthesia (T0), during extubation (T1), 5 min (T2), 10 min (T3), 15 min (T4) and 30 min (T5) after extubation were recorded. The analepsia time, adverse reactions, restlessness score and pain score were collected in three groups of patients. Results Compared with group P, values of mean arterial pressure and heart rate were more stable at T1, T2 and T3 in groups D and K (P<0.05). The restlessness score, incidence of restlessness and adverse reactions were lower in groups D and K than those in group P (P<0.05), and which were lower in group D than those of group K (P<0.05). Conclusion Both dexmedetomidine and ketamine can play an analgesic role in recovery period of anesthesia and reduce restlessness, adverse reactions and pain score in child patients. Moreover, dexmedetomidine is more effective on inhibiting restlessness and adverse reactions.

Objective To sequence and analyze the envelope (E) gene of type Ⅰ dengue virus isolated from Guangzhou in 2009 for tracing the infection source. Methods The serum samples were collected from patients diagnosed with dengue fever in Guangzhou area during 2009. Dengue virus was isolated and cultured in C6/36 cells.The whole length of E gene was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and then sequenced. The phylogenetic tree was drawn by neighbor-joining method. The bioinformatics analysis was performed by combining the phylogenetic information and the epidemiology data. Results Four strains of type Ⅰ dengue virus were isolated from 19 samples. E gene of these strains was amplified and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis showed that 09/GZ/9104 strain and 09/GZ/9236 strain had identical nucleotide sequence and fell within the American/African group, 09/GZ/11534 stain and 09/GZ/11562 strain had similar sequence homology and fell within the Asian group. Conclusion The typeⅠdengue viruses in Guangzhou area in 2009 are imported, which belong to two genotypes and may come from two independent origins respectively.

ObjectiveTo analyze the Envelope (E) gene of type 1,2,3 dengue virus isolated fromGuangzhouin2010, andtoinvestigatetheinfectionsourceandvirusgenotypes.MethodsEighty-five serum samples were collected from 85 patients in acute phase of dengue fever.Dengue virus was cultured and isolated by C6/36 cells.The whole length of E gene was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and then sequenced.The phylogenetic tree was drawn by neighbor-joining method.The bioinformatics analysis was performed by combining the phylogenetic information and the epidemiologic data.ResultsSix strains of type 1 dengue virus,two strains of type 2 dengue virus and six strains of type 3 dengue virus were isolated from 85 samples.The E gene sequence of these strains was obtained by sequencing.The phylogenetic analysis showed that type 1 and 3 dengue virus belonged to two genotypes (Asian and South Pacific ocean,India subcontinent and Southeast Asia/South Pacific ocean,respectively),and type 2 dengue virus belonged to one genotype (Malaysia/India subcontinent).ConclusionIt's presumed that all strains of type 2 dengue virus are imported,four strains of type 1 dengue virus are imported and four strains of type 3 dengue virus arc imported,the remaining two stains of type 1 and two stains of type 3 dengue virus need mosquito intermediary research further to prove their origins.

Objective: To intensively investigate sporadic CMT patients, we have analyzed the LMNA gene in this study in a series of 32 unrelated CMT patients. Methods: Twelve exons of the LMNA gene were amplified from genetomic DNA. PCR products of each exon were analyzed by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP). Results: No abnormal SSCP pattern, suggesting no mutation in our CMT patients, was detected. Conclusion: The CMT diseases resulted from the mutations of LMNA gene were rare.

Objective To develop a BP neural network to differentiate between ventricular fibrillation( VF) and non-VF rhythms.Methods Eighteen metrics were extracted from the ECG signals.Each of these metrics respectively characterized each aspect of the signals, such as morphology, gaussianity, spectra, variability, and complexity.These metrics were regarded as the input vector of the BP neural network.After training, a classifier used for VF and non-VF rhythm classification was obtained.Results and Conclusion The constructed BP neural network was tested with the databases of VFDB and CUDB, and the accuracy was 98.61%and 95.37%, respectively.

Objective To explore the status of iodine nutrition in 8～10 years children after universal salt iodization(USI)in the iodine deficiency area.Methods Probability proportion to size method(PPS)or simple random sampling methods were used to sample children aged 8～10 years in iodine deficiency area in the vear 1995,1997,1999,2002 and 2005, respectively.Goiter were detected by palpation and B-ultrasound, iodine concentration in salt was detected by direct titration method and that in urine by the method of As3+-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry.Results After USI has been implemented,the median of salt and urinary iodine tended to mcreaseand the goiter rate tended to decrease year by year.In 2005,the coverage rate of iodinated salt was elevated to 97.2%,qualified iodize salt rate was 97.1%and edible qualified iodinated salt rate was 94.3%in the whole iodine deficiency areas.The median of urinary iodine Was 227.7 μg/L 89.7%(323/360)of the population had a level of the urinary iodine over 100μg/L Goiter rate of 8～10 years children Wag decreased from 22.3%(282/1267)to 4.4%(53/1200) from 1995 to 2005.Conclusion After 10-year USI,the status of iodine nutrition in ShaJldong Province has been promoted obviously and it is in a suitable iodine nutritional status.

Hamartoma ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; etiology ; Hypothalamic Diseases ; complications ; surgery ; Infant ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Puberty, Precocious ; etiology ; Subdural Effusion ; etiology

ObjectiveTo look into the distribution of “iodine suitable” region in iodine-deficient areas in Shandong province and to provide a scientific basis for guiding the redesignate of iodine-deficient areas and launch scientific supply of iodine.Methods One to 3 copies of water source samples were collected in 105 existing iodine-deficient counties by village.Water iodine content was detected by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.The areas with water iodine content below 10 μg/L was defined as iodine-deficient areas and among 10 - 150 μg/L were “iodine suitable areas” and greater than 150 μg/L were high iodine areas.Results The research was carried out in 14 cities,105 counties,and 1337 towns.We collected 65 716 water samples.Sample recovery efficiency reached 99.8％.The median of water iodine was 5.57 μg/L.In the 1337 towns surveyed,there were 82.05％(1097/1337) of the township with water iodine median ＜ 10 μg/L,17.43％(233/1337) between 10 - 150 μg/L,and 0.52％(7/1337) ＞ 150 μg/L.Conclusions In Shandong province,the water “iodine suitable” regions are distributed scattered with considerable proportion.In iodine-deficient areas,there are areas with high water iodine,and iodine-deficient regions should be redrawn.Emphasis should be put on iodine nutritional status of residents in “high iodine and iodine suitable” regions,and iodine supplementation should be carries out scientifically.