Thin basement membrane nephropathy(TBMN) is one of the most common disorders of the kidney,affecting at least 1% of the population.It seems to be a disease of the adult glomerular basement membrane(GBM) type Ⅳ collagen trimer ?3∶?4∶?5.Genetic evidence indicates that autosomal TBMN is caused by heterozygous mutations in either COL4A3 or COL4A4, whereas homozygous or combined heterozygous mutations in the same genes lead to autosomal recessive Alport syndrome.The author summarized the epidemiology,clinical features,renal biopsy,genetics,pathogenesis,diagnosis and therapy of TBMN.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy between preparation porcelain veneer(PPV)and no-preparation porcelain veneer(NPPV).Methods:44 patients with 97 PPVs and 23 patients with 57 NPPVs were followed up for 3 years.Mental tension, postoperative dentin sensitivity and satisfaction of the patients,survival rate of the veneers,sulcus bleeding index(SBI)of preopera-tive and postoperative 3 years were evaluated.A comparative analysis was taken to examine the clinical indicators of 2 groups accord-ing to the modified CDA /Ryge criteria.Results:Survival rates of PPVs and NPPVs were 96.91 % and 96.49%(P >0.05),satisfac-tion rates of the 2 group patients were 95.45% and 95.65%(P >0.05),respectively.Mental tension and the postoperative dentin sensitivity of patients in PPV group was higher than those in NPPV group.Preoperative and postoperative SBI were not statistically dif-ferent between the 2 groups(P >0.05).Marginal adaptation in PPV group was better than that in NPPV group.Color matching, Porcelain surface and Marginal stain were not statistically different between 2 groups.Conclusion:Preparation porcelain veneers and no-preparation porcelain veneers both are effective in clinical application.

ObjectiveFollow-up of the clinical outcome of prosthetic disc nucleus replacement on patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Methods16 patients with lumar intervertebral disc herniation were implanted prosthetic disc nucleus from June to August 2003, including 10 males and 6 females. The operation levels were at L4-5 in 10 patients and L5～S1 in 6 patients. All patients were followed up from 28 to 32 months (averaged 30 months). The contents include pain, physical examination, Short-form of McGill Pain Questionnaire investigation, Visual Analogue Scales(VAS) and Present Pain Intensity(PPI), X-ray and MRI examination, etc. ResultsAfter surgery, 16 patients experienced clinical symptom relief, the displacement of PDN in 1 case and dislocation in 1case, the height of intervertebral space becoming narrower in 5 cases and endplate subsiding in 1 case. ConclusionProsthetic disc nucleus replacement acquired satisfactory after operation, but some complication may occurre in long-term.

Currently, the resistance of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs has made the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis increasingly difficult, posing a serious threat to global public health. Several studies have shown that efflux pumps are one of the important causes for bacteria to develop multi-drug resistance and extremely-drug resistance, and efflux pump inhibitors can inhibit the efflux of antibacterial drugs, thereby reducing bacterial drug resistance. Numerous natural products and synthetic compounds have been reported to possess efflux pump inhibitory activity, but they have not been applied in clinical settings because of their toxicity, pharmacokinetic properties, etc. Therefore, we summarized the efflux pump inhibitory activity, antimicrobial activity, and structure-activity relationships of reported efflux pump inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in recent years, providing references for the development of new efflux pump inhibitors with better activity and lower toxicity.

Objective:To determine the clinical features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and the risk factors for central compartment lymph node (CCLN) metastasis in PTMC. Methods:Data of 1 401 patients with PTMC who were treated in Tianjin Medi-cal University Cancer Institute and Hospital between January 2014 and December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to study the risk factors. Results:With regard to clinicopathological features, the sex ratio is 1:3.4 in patients with PTMC. CCLN metastasis affected 427 (30.5%) of the total 1 401 patients. Age (χ2=14.587, P<0.01), sex (χ2=21.636, P<0.01), tumor multifocality (χ2=35.505, P<0.01), tumor size (χ2=58.868, P<0.01), tumor site (χ2=8.385, P<0.05), and extracapsular/extraglandular invasions (χ2=26.481, P<0.01) were significantly correlated with CCLN metastasis. For patients with a soli-tary primary tumor, tumor location in the lower third of the thyroid lobe was associated with a higher risk of CCLN metastasis (48.1%). The male gender, age<45 years, tumor size>6 mm, extracapsular spread, and tumor bilaterality were independently correlated with CCLN metastasis. Conclusion:A prophylactic neck dissection of the central compartment must be considered particularly in male PT-MC patients with age<45 years, tumor size>6 mm, extracapsular spread, and tumor bilaterality.

Objective To prepare the phmaceutical reference materials of total lactones extract from ginkgo leaf for quantitative analysis.Methods A HPLC determination method was developed to investigate the uniformity and stability of the reference extract of ginkgo leaf total lactones using with bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B and ginkgolide C as the indexes.Three laboratories participated in the collaborative calibration test.Results The four components in reference extract had good uniformity and stability with RSD less than 2.0%;the marked values of the four components had been determined through statistical data analysis which provided by assigned traceability values.The values of bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, and ginkgolide C were 39.54%, 29.03%, 15.96% and 11.69%, respectively.Conclusion The reference extract of ginkgo leaf total lactones can be prepared for quality control in future quantitative analysis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of military performance stress on the changes of concentrations in salivary chromogranin A ( CgA) ,β-endorphin (β-EP) and salivary IgA ( sIgA) of submariners.Methods Twenty-nine submarine soldiers were selected, and their saliva samples were collected separately at the end of a long dive trip and nine months after relaxation ashore.In addition,the saliva samples of twenty-eight graduate students were collected as the normal control.The method of ELISA was used to detect the level of salivary CgA,β-EP and sIgA.Results After long-term dive training, the submariners showed significantly decreased CgA,β-EP and sIgA.Conclusion After a long term dive trip, chronic military performance stress is associated with the decline of salivary CgA,β-EP and sIgA, indicating that the function of sympathet-ic adrenal medulla is suppressed.The biological significance of these changes needs to be assessed in the future.

To control the quality of Maca, the quality standard was established in this study. According to the methods recorded in the Appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 Edition), the water, extract, total ash, acid insoluble substance, and heavy metals inspections in Lepidium meyenii were carried out. N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide in L. meyenii was identified by TLC, and it was determined by HPLC. The results showed that the N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide identification of TLC was a strong mark and specificity. In content determination experiment, the linearity of N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide was in the range of 0.01-2 microg (r = 0.9998), and the average recovery (n=9) was 99.27% (RSD 2.0%). The methods were simple, accurate, with good reproducibility. It is suitable for quality control L. meyenii.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; methods ; Lepidium ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry

Biopsy ; Histological Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; Paraffin Embedding ; Ultrasonics

Objective To explore the clinico-biological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of salivary duct carcinoma. Methods This study included 12 cases of salivary duct carcinoma treated in our hospital. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for patients admitted between April 1995 and October 2006. The clinical characteristics, histological features, imaging, therapy methods and prognosis were analyzed. Results Of 12 salivary duct carcinoma, there were 10 males, 2 females. The age of onset ranged from 53 to 73 year old and the average was 56 year old. Physical examination revealed a firm and unboundary mass accompanied by nerve infiltrating symptom. The histological appearance was characterized by solid cell nests with ductal structures and central comedonecrosis. Extensive resection and radical neck dissection was performed in 11 patients, postoperation radiation done in 10 patients and chemotherapy in 3 patients. One year survival rate was 83. 33% , that of 3 years was 41. 67% , and of 5 years was 25. 00% , the median survival time was 36 months. Conclusion Salivary duct carcinoma is a rare malignant salivary tumor and most patients are men. Regional extensive resection and postoperative radiation or chemotherapy are the mainstay of therapy. Lymph node metastases in level Ⅰ ,Ⅱ , Ⅲ are a common finding in patients with SDC and the prognosis is poor.