Thin basement membrane nephropathy(TBMN) is one of the most common disorders of the kidney,affecting at least 1% of the population.It seems to be a disease of the adult glomerular basement membrane(GBM) type Ⅳ collagen trimer ?3∶?4∶?5.Genetic evidence indicates that autosomal TBMN is caused by heterozygous mutations in either COL4A3 or COL4A4, whereas homozygous or combined heterozygous mutations in the same genes lead to autosomal recessive Alport syndrome.The author summarized the epidemiology,clinical features,renal biopsy,genetics,pathogenesis,diagnosis and therapy of TBMN.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy between preparation porcelain veneer(PPV)and no-preparation porcelain veneer(NPPV).Methods:44 patients with 97 PPVs and 23 patients with 57 NPPVs were followed up for 3 years.Mental tension, postoperative dentin sensitivity and satisfaction of the patients,survival rate of the veneers,sulcus bleeding index(SBI)of preopera-tive and postoperative 3 years were evaluated.A comparative analysis was taken to examine the clinical indicators of 2 groups accord-ing to the modified CDA /Ryge criteria.Results:Survival rates of PPVs and NPPVs were 96.91 % and 96.49%(P >0.05),satisfac-tion rates of the 2 group patients were 95.45% and 95.65%(P >0.05),respectively.Mental tension and the postoperative dentin sensitivity of patients in PPV group was higher than those in NPPV group.Preoperative and postoperative SBI were not statistically dif-ferent between the 2 groups(P >0.05).Marginal adaptation in PPV group was better than that in NPPV group.Color matching, Porcelain surface and Marginal stain were not statistically different between 2 groups.Conclusion:Preparation porcelain veneers and no-preparation porcelain veneers both are effective in clinical application.

Currently, the resistance of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs has made the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis increasingly difficult, posing a serious threat to global public health. Several studies have shown that efflux pumps are one of the important causes for bacteria to develop multi-drug resistance and extremely-drug resistance, and efflux pump inhibitors can inhibit the efflux of antibacterial drugs, thereby reducing bacterial drug resistance. Numerous natural products and synthetic compounds have been reported to possess efflux pump inhibitory activity, but they have not been applied in clinical settings because of their toxicity, pharmacokinetic properties, etc. Therefore, we summarized the efflux pump inhibitory activity, antimicrobial activity, and structure-activity relationships of reported efflux pump inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in recent years, providing references for the development of new efflux pump inhibitors with better activity and lower toxicity.

ObjectiveFollow-up of the clinical outcome of prosthetic disc nucleus replacement on patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Methods16 patients with lumar intervertebral disc herniation were implanted prosthetic disc nucleus from June to August 2003, including 10 males and 6 females. The operation levels were at L4-5 in 10 patients and L5～S1 in 6 patients. All patients were followed up from 28 to 32 months (averaged 30 months). The contents include pain, physical examination, Short-form of McGill Pain Questionnaire investigation, Visual Analogue Scales(VAS) and Present Pain Intensity(PPI), X-ray and MRI examination, etc. ResultsAfter surgery, 16 patients experienced clinical symptom relief, the displacement of PDN in 1 case and dislocation in 1case, the height of intervertebral space becoming narrower in 5 cases and endplate subsiding in 1 case. ConclusionProsthetic disc nucleus replacement acquired satisfactory after operation, but some complication may occurre in long-term.

To control the quality of Maca, the quality standard was established in this study. According to the methods recorded in the Appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 Edition), the water, extract, total ash, acid insoluble substance, and heavy metals inspections in Lepidium meyenii were carried out. N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide in L. meyenii was identified by TLC, and it was determined by HPLC. The results showed that the N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide identification of TLC was a strong mark and specificity. In content determination experiment, the linearity of N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide was in the range of 0.01-2 microg (r = 0.9998), and the average recovery (n=9) was 99.27% (RSD 2.0%). The methods were simple, accurate, with good reproducibility. It is suitable for quality control L. meyenii.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; methods ; Lepidium ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry

Biopsy ; Histological Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; Paraffin Embedding ; Ultrasonics

Objective To evaluate the anxiety and depression status of the liver transplant recipients and to investigate the related impact factors.Method Forty-two liver transplant recipients were under survey by General Information Questionnaire (GIQ),Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS),Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) before and 1,6,12,24 and 36 months after operation.Result The mean anxiety scores before and 1,6,12,24 and 36 months after operation were 37.2 ± 5.3,32.2 ± 6.2,32.1 ± 6.6,31.9± 5.1,30.1 ± 4.6 and 28.5 ± 4.1,respectively.The mean depression scores at those 6 time points were 46.7 ± 7.1,37.9 ± 10.7,36.7 ±7.9,37.1 ± 6.4,34.3 ± 5.8 and 32.1 ± 5.6,respectively.Both the anxiety and depression scores showed statistically significant difference (P＜0).001) before and after operation (all time points).Also there was statistically significant difference (P＜0.001) between post-operative month 36 and other post-operative time points.The impact factors for anxiety of liver transplant recipients were subjective supports and the utilization level of the supports.The impact factors of depression of liver transplant recipients were pre-operative depression score,objective support,subjective supports and the utilization level of the supports.Conclusion Liver transplant recipients suffer less anxiety and depression after operation.The anxiety status can be further improved from 24 to 36 months postoperation.

Objective To evaluate the effect of military performance stress on the changes of concentrations in salivary chromogranin A ( CgA) ,β-endorphin (β-EP) and salivary IgA ( sIgA) of submariners.Methods Twenty-nine submarine soldiers were selected, and their saliva samples were collected separately at the end of a long dive trip and nine months after relaxation ashore.In addition,the saliva samples of twenty-eight graduate students were collected as the normal control.The method of ELISA was used to detect the level of salivary CgA,β-EP and sIgA.Results After long-term dive training, the submariners showed significantly decreased CgA,β-EP and sIgA.Conclusion After a long term dive trip, chronic military performance stress is associated with the decline of salivary CgA,β-EP and sIgA, indicating that the function of sympathet-ic adrenal medulla is suppressed.The biological significance of these changes needs to be assessed in the future.

Objective To investigate the significance of salivary cortisol , dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio changes for evaluation of military performance stress .Methods Forty submarine soldiers were selected, whose saliva samples were collected separately at the end of long-term dive training and after nine months of relaxation break.In addition, the saliva samples of thirty-four graduate students were collected the moment they finished a three-hour final examination and one week later .The method of ELISA was used to detect the levels of salivary cortisol and DHEA-S and to count their ratio .Results After long-term dive training , the submarine soldiers showed significantly decreased DHEA-S and an increased cortisol/DHEA-S ratio, but the cortisol level did not change very much .In contrast, the final examination stress did not change the level of cortisol , DHEA-S or the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio among these students.Conclusion This is the first study to show that long-term, chronic military performance stress is associated with the salivary DHEA-S and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio changes .The increase in the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio may be used as an important and useful biomarker to evaluate chronic stress .In addition , it is relatively simple and sensitive to detect stress biomarkers by using saliva samples .

BACKGROUND: Whether ceramic alloy can be reused after casting depends on its chemical composition, microstructure, castability, as well as mechanical property. However, the effects of recasting on the composition and microstructure of Ni-Cr ceramic alloys are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of recasting on the composition and microstructure of Ni-Cr ceramic alloys. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: In vitro materials observation. The experiment was performed at the Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Instrumentation Analysis and Measurement Center, Fuzhou University, from June to August 2007. MATERIALS: The Ni-Cr ceramic alloys were recast 6 times in argon protection to obtain testing sample with diameter of 30.0 mm, thickness of 1.0 mm and side length of 10.0 mm, thickness of 1.0 mm, namely generation I VI. Simultaneously, the sample produced by initial alloy was called generation 0. METHODS: The original alloy and each generation square plates were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) for qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis. The microstructure and the phase structure of original alloy and each generation castings which had been polished by buffing machine were observed and analyzed by metallographic microscope and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Contents of chemical composition, shrinkage cavity, porosity and inclusion, and distribution of XRD patterns. RESULTS: The results of XRF indicated that there were no significant difference on the main composition (Ni, Cr, Mo, Al, Be) among the Ni-Cr ceramic alloys multiple recast 0-6 times in argon protection and accorded with the demands. The metallographic structure of Ni-Cr ceramic alloys were dendritic eutectic structure, but the size of dendritic crystal grain in the casting coarsening, shrinkage cavity, porosity and inclusion gradually increased, with the increase of multiple recast times. The phase structure of Ni-Cr ceramic alloys were Ni-base solid solution (face-centered cubic lattice structure) and the chromium was widely distributed in the nickel base. There were neither significant difference of phase structure nor the new phase structure appeared among the Ni-Cr ceramic alloys multiple recast 0-6 times. CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference of main composition and phase structure between original alloy and each generation castings in argon protection. With the increase of recast times, the size of dendritic crystal coarsening, shrinkage cavity, porosity and inclusion gradually increased.