Research on polymer impurities has always been important in the quality control of cephalosporins. Research on polymers in cephalosporins that lack active amino groups on the C-7 side chain has not been reported. Therefore, our study used cefazolin sodium, which is widely used in the clinic, as an example. The polymer in cefazolin sodium and its product "cefazolin sodium pentahydrate for injection" was analyzed by column switching liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Two polymer impurity peaks were detected and the possible structures of these polymers were suggested. Through two-dimensional liquid chromatography, the chromatographic peaks following Sephadex gel chromatography and high-performance gel chromatography were compared to those obtained by reverse high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for cefazolin sodium as reported in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The HPLC method proves more suitable for polymer detection than Sephadex gel chromatography and high-performance gel chromatography. The method of polymer detection for cefazolin sodium was established using the method of related substances HPLC as described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects on thyroid function in patients of Hashimoto's thyroiditis treated with aconite cake-separated moxibustion and option the better therapeutic program.

METHODSEighty-five cases were randomly divided into a moxibustion group (42 cases) and a western medication group (43 cases). The moxibustion group was treated by aconite cake-separated moxibustion therapy with acupoints of two groups [(1) Danzhong (CV 17), Zhongwan (CV 12), Guanyuan (CV 4); (2) Dazhui (GV 14), Shenshu (BL 23), Mingmen (GV 4)] alternatively and oral administration of 25 microg Euthyrox everyday. The western medication group was oral administration of 25 microg Euthyrox everyday. Indices of thyroid function before and after treatment and clinical effect were compared between two groups.

RESULTSThe clinical total effective rate and effective rate of thyroid function were 25.0% (10/40), 87.5% (35/40) in moxibustion group respectively, 7.53% (3/40) and 57.5% (23/40) in western medication group, with significant differences between two groups (both P < 0.05). Content of serum free thyroxine index (FT4) increased significantly in the moxibustion group after treatment (P < 0.01); content of serum supersensitive thyrotropin (S-TSH) in the moxibustion group was lower than that of western medication group, and contents of serum FT4 and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were higher than those of western medication group, but with no significant differences (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAconite cake-separated moxibustion at Guanyuan (CV 4) and Mingmen (GV 4) combined with oral administration of Euthyrox can improve clinical symptoms and thyroid function in patients of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which is better than simple oral administration of Euthyrox.

Aconitum ; chemistry ; Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hashimoto Disease ; blood ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Thyroid Gland ; physiopathology ; secretion ; Thyroid Hormones ; blood ; Thyrotropin ; blood ; Young Adult

Objective:To observe the changes of metabolic parameters and islet function,and to explore the relationships between liver fat content (LFC) and islet function in inpatients of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different duration.Methods:Totally 214 diabetic patients and 65 non-diabetes patients from January 2016 to March 2017 were collected.LFC was determined by proton magnetic resonance spectrum analysis (1H-MRS),the first-phase insulin secretion was estimated by arginine test,and insulin secretion index (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were assesses by homeostasis model assessment.The changes of the parameters and their relationships were analyzed in each group.Results:Along with the course of disease,the first-phase insulin secretion,HOMA-β and LFC decreased gradually,some parameters such as serum creatinine (SCr),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and microalbuminuria increased gradually,while there was no significant change in HOMA-IR.Correlation analysis demonstrated that the beta cell function (including the firstphase insulin secretion and HOMA-β) was positively associated with LFC,body mass index (BMI),body weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,serum uric acid (UA),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),triglyceride (TG),waist-hip ratio (WHR,only HOMA-β),alanine aminotransferase (ALT,only the first-phase insulin secretion) and glutamyl transferase (GGT,only the first-phase insulin secretion),all P＜0.05,and was negatively associated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),the course (only the first-phase insulin secretion),HDL-c (only the first-phase insulin secretion),all P＜0.01.There were no correlations between beta cell function and the other factors including gender,age,urea nitrogen (BUN),SCr,total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c).Stepwise regression analysis showed that there was independently positive correlation between the first-phase insulin secretion and BMI.There were independently positive correlations between HOMA-β and HOMA-IR and BMI in diabetic patients.Conclusions:Along with the course of disease,the degree of insulin resistance is not significantly changed,while the beta cell function and LFC decreased gradually.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Ethanol ; adverse effects ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; Liver Regeneration ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIMTo observe the antagonistic effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on the platelet activating factor (PAF).

METHODSWashed rabbit platelet (WRP) aggregation and rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) aggregation induced by PAF were observed by turbidimetric assay in vitro. The PAF receptor antagonistic effect of HSYA was investigated by radio ligand binding assay (RLBA).

RESULTSIn RLBA the specific binding inhibition effect of HSYA was found to be concentration-dependent in three different [3H]PAF concentrations. In the experiments, WRP aggregation and rabbit PMNs aggregation induced by PAF (9.55 x 10(-10), 9.55 x 10(-6) mol.L-1) were both inhibited by HSYA in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. The IC50 of HSYA to inhibit WRP and rabbit PMNs aggregation was 0.99 and 0.70 mmol.L-1, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe PAF receptor binding can be antagonized by HSYA.

Animals ; Carthamus ; chemistry ; Cell Aggregation ; drug effects ; Chalcone ; analogs & derivatives ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Neutrophils ; drug effects ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Quinones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; antagonists & inhibitors

The recording and analysis of activities of calcium signals in neurons is of critical importance in the field of neuroscience.Over the past three decades,various fluorescent calcium imaging techniques not only have been used in the imaging study of functional activities of neuronal communities,but also can be combined with specific markers to record the functional activities of specific types of neuronal communities.To analyze neural activities at the cellular level,a series of preprocessing such as motion correction,cell body recognition,calcium signal extraction and peak deconvolution is required for the collected video.However,current methods for manual preprocessing are time-consuming and laborious,so computer automatic analysis technology is urgently needed to quickly repair the jitter in the video,identify the position and outline of a single cell,extract its activity trajectory and infer the action potential peak.In this paper,the methods of calcium imaging data processing used in recent years are summarized,and the future developments are predicted.

Objective To build a neural network based on the Unet infrastructure for recognition and segmentation of two-dimensional calcium imaging fluorescence images.Methods The in vivo miniaturized two-photon microscope(mTPM)was used for brain calcium imaging in freely moving mice.The imaging data was motion corrected using the NoRMCorre algorithm and processed using ImageJ software to obtain the original images after correction,and the labels were produced using the Labelme software.The neural network HDCGUnet was built using the original images and labels for training,and optimized to improve the model structure according to the training effect.Finally,the evaluation indexes were selected and compared with those of other models to verify the utility of this model.Results The HDCGUnet model,which was collected and made on our own,performed best in the two-photon calcium imaging dataset compared to other models,and performed well on the BBBC dataset either.Conclusion The HDCGUnet model provides a novel alternative for the recognition and segmentation of two-photon calcium imaging images.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the initial experience of simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation (SPK) with portal venous and enteric drainage.

METHODSBetween Jane 2001 and Jane 2003, SPK were performed in 5 patients. Systemic venous-enteric drainage (SED) was used in the first 2 patients and portal venous-enteric drainage (PED) in the last 3 cases. All patient were immunosuppressed with quadruple therapy, which included anti-CD25 mAb (Zenapax/Simulect) induction therapy, FK506, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and prednisone baseline therapy. The complications were analyzed.

RESULTSSerum glucose and renal function of the 5 cases were normal and no further insulin was needed within 7 days post-operation. No technique complications such as duodenal fistula and thrombosis were observed, One episode of acute rejection of kidney allograft occurred in one patient with SED, and resolved with a bolus corticosteroids. One case with SED and one with PED were died of sepsis and FK506 toxicity 4 weeks after transplantation. The death occurred with functioning pancreas graft. No latter complications were observed in the 3 survived patients with excellent graft functions.

CONCLUSIONSBoth methods of SED and PED can be performed successfully and with no latter complications. But with its potential physiologic and immunologic advantages, PED might be a standard procedure for SPK.

Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; surgery ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; surgery ; Drainage ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intestines ; surgery ; Kidney Transplantation ; methods ; Male ; Pancreas Transplantation ; methods ; Portal Vein ; surgery ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Treatment Outcome ; Uremia ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the specific amino acid variation in Nef that may be related to disease progression after infection with HIV-1 subtype B, a predominant strain circulating in China, and to determine whether changes in Nef secondary structure may influence different stages of AIDS development based on the concept that the Nef gene of HIV infection dramatically alter the severity of viral infection and virus replication and disease progression, and that long-term non-progressors (LTNP) of HIV infection are commonly associated with either a deletion of the Nef gene or the defective Nef alleles.

METHODSThe study subjects were divided into LTNP1(n=14), LTNP2 (n=16) and slow progressor (SP, n=19) groups for mutational analysis of the Nef sequence. The data were obtained by using Bioedit, MEGA, Anthewin and SAS software.

RESULTSResidues in Nef TA(48/49) and K151 occurred more frequently in the LTNP group while AA(48/49) was more frequently observed in the SP group. Of the differences observed in the secondary structure comparison using Nef consensus sequences of these three groups, one was roughly corresponding to the Nef(48/49) mutation site.

CONCLUSIONTA(48/49), K(151), and AA(48/49) in the Nef gene might be associated with the different stages of HIV infection, and there may be a link between the Nef secondary structure and the progression of HIV-1 infection.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Blood Donors ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Progression ; Gene Products, nef ; genetics ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; HIV Long-Term Survivors ; HIV-1 ; classification ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; genetics ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo observe the platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonistic effect of kaempferol.

METHODThe specific binding of [3H] PAF to rabbit platelet receptor was investigatedwith radio ligand binding assay (RLBA). Platelet adhesion induced by PAF was measured with spectrophotometry. The elevation of inner free calcium concentration in rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) induced by PAF was determined with Fura-2 fluorescent technique.

RESULTThe 1, 2 or 4 nmol x L(-1) [3H]PAF specific binding to rabbit platelet receptor was inhibited by Kae dosage dependently and the IC50 were 30.8, 74.6 and 92.0 micro mol x L(-1), respectively. The PAF induced reactions of rabbit platelet adhesion and PMNs inner free calcium concentration elevation were inhibited by Kae in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 of Kae to inhibit platelet adhesion was 65 micromol x L(-1).

CONCLUSIONKae is effective in inhibiting the action of PAF and it is a new PAF receptor antagonist.

Animals ; Blood Platelets ; drug effects ; physiology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Kaempferols ; pharmacology ; Male ; Neutrophils ; metabolism ; Platelet Activating Factor ; metabolism ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; drug effects ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Radioligand Assay ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism