To study the pharmacokinetics characteristic of loganin, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside in rat plasma after oral administration of Bushen Tongluo formula. The plasma samples were treated by using liquid-liquid extraction technique, the concentrations were determined by HPLC-UV. Johnson spherigel C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) was adopted and eluted with the of mobile phase of methanol-water containing 0.01% glacial acetic acid in a gradient mode, with the flow rate at 1.0 mL x min(-1), column temperature at 30 degrees C and injection volume of 10 μL. According to the findings, loganin was determined at 235 nm, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside were determined at 320 nm, with the sample size of 10 μL. The pharmacokinetic parameters of loganin, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside were calculated by DAS 2. 0 software as follows: C(max) was (0.369 ± 0.042), (0.387 ± 0.071), (0.233 ± 0.044) mg x L(-1); t(max) was (0.226 ± 0.022), (0.282 ± 0.031), (0.233 ± 0.044) h; t(½β) was (6.89 ± 0.20), (10.73 ± 0.11), (6.93 ± 0.09) h; AUC(0-∞) was (1.91 ± 0.36), (3.22 ± 0.52), (1.52 ± 0.33) mg x h x L(-1); AUCO(0-t) was (1.62 ± 0.33), (2.58 ± 0.43), (1.30 ± 0.30) mg x h x L(-1); CL was (20.2 ± 4.0), (1.39 ± 0.23), (31.7 ± 6.9) L x h(-1) x kg(-1), respectively. The results showed that after the oral administration with Bushen Tongluo formula, loganin, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside showed concentration-time curves in conformity with the two compartment model, with a rapid absorption, loganin and stilbene glucoside was excreted at a moderate speed, and ferulic acid was excreted slowly (but with the highest bioavailability). Bushen Tongluo formula can main maintain plasma concentration with three administrations everyday and so is suitable to be made into common oral preparation.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Coumaric Acids ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Iridoids ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stilbenes ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate how network education can improve college students' knowledge on sexual and reproductive health in Ningbo city.

METHODSFrom December 2012 to June 2013, we conducted a questionnaire investigation among college students in Ningbo city about the effects of network education on their knowledge about sexual psychology, sexual physiology, sexual ethics, and reproductive health.

RESULTSA total of 7 362 college students accomplished the investigation, of whom 2 483 (42.1% males and 57.9% females) received network education, while the other 4 879 (24.1% males and 75.9% females) did not. Approximately 47.1% of the male and 28.0% of the female students acquired sexual and reproductive knowledge via network education. Reproductive health-related network education significantly enriched the students' knowledge about the reproductive system and sex, pubertal development, sexual physiology, conception and embryonic development, methods of contraception, sexual psychology, sexually transmitted diseases and their prevention, pregnancy care and eugenics, and environment- and occupation-related reproductive health (P < 0.01). It also remarkably improved their cognitive attitude towards reproductive health knowledge (P < 0.01). Those who received reproductive health-related network education showed a significantly higher rate of masturbation (P < 0.01) but markedly later time of the first masturbation (P < 0.01) than those who did not.

CONCLUSIONNetwork education can enhance the effect of reproductive health education among college students and improve their sexual experience and health.

China ; Contraception ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Masturbation ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior ; physiology ; psychology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a maladaptive response in a variety of organic heart disease(OHD),which is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction that results from disturbed energy metabolism. SIRT3, a mitochondria-localized sirtuin, regulates global mitochondrial lysine acetylation and preserves mitochondrial function. However, the mechanisms by which SIRT3 regulates cardiac hypertrophy remains to be further elucidated. In this study, we firstly demonstrated that expression of SIRT3 was decreased in AngiotensionⅡ(AngⅡ)-treated cardiomyocytes and in hearts of AngⅡ-induced cardiac hypertrophic mice. In addition, SIRT3 overexpression protected myocytes from hypertrophy, whereas SIRT3 silencing exacerbated Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.In particular,SIRT3-KO mice exhibited significant cardiac hypertrophy. Mechanistically, we identified NMNAT3 (nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3), the rate-limiting enzyme for mitochondrial NAD biosynthesis, as a new target and binding partner of SIRT3.Specifically,SIRT3 physically interacts with and deacety-lates NMNAT3,thereby enhancing the enzyme activity of NMNAT3 and contributing to SIRT3-mediated anti-hypertrophic effects.Moreover,NMNAT3 regulates the activity of SIRT3 via synthesis of mitochon-dria NAD.Taken together,these findings provide mechanistic insights into the negative regulatory role of SIRT3 in cardiac hypertrophy.Sirtuin 3(SIRT3),a mitochondrial deacetylase that may play an impor-tant role in regulating cardiac function and a potential target for CHF

OBJECTIVETo measure the iodine nutritional status on adult islanders and to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of iodized salt prophylactic programs.

METHODSA comparative study was carried out in 8 rural townships selected from Dinghai (iodized salt district) and Daishan (non-iodized salt district) of Zhoushan islands by random sampling method. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the urinary iodine concentration and dietary iodine intake of the two groups. Spearman correlation test was used to look for the correlation of urinary iodine concentration and dietary iodine intake in the two groups respectively.

RESULTSThe amounts of daily iodine intake excluding the iodine intake from iodized salt in the two groups were 128 micro g and 147 micro g respectively but the difference was not statistically significant (u = 1.847, P = 0.065). The urinary iodine concentration of non-iodized salt group was 90 micro g/L, lower than 194 micro g/L in iodized salt group (u = 14.673, P = 0.000). There was no significant correlation between daily iodine intake and urinary iodine concentration (r(s) = 0.052, P = 0.095).

CONCLUSIONSIn Zhoushan islands, the daily iodine intake did not meet the daily need (150 micro g/day) suggesting that iodized salt supplement was necessary. However, side effect due to overdose should be brought into attention.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Goiter ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Iodine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; deficiency ; urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to search for a perfect treatment for the complications after polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for augmentation mammaplasty.

METHODS48 patients who accepted polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for augmentation mammaplasty were included in this study. Operations were performed for the complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection. The clinical data were analyzed and the experience in the treatment of the complications was summarized.

RESULTSAll patients were satisfied with the result of the operation. The B-ultrasonic examination showed that no visible polyacrylamide hydrogel remained in the cavity.

CONCLUSIONThe best therapy for the complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection was removing of the polyacrylamide hydrogel and the pathologic tissue and irrigation of the cavity.

Acrylic Resins ; administration & dosage ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Infection ; etiology ; surgery ; Injections ; Mammaplasty ; adverse effects ; methods ; Pain ; etiology ; surgery ; Postoperative Care ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; surgery ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; standards ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the limit of detection of eight enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to hospital grade assessment and ISO15189:2012.Methods According to the new health industry standard WS/T 514-2017:"Establishment and verification of detection capability for clinical laboratory measurement procedures",the limit of detection (LoD) was established,in the sameset of detection system,using two reagent lot,each lot for 5 consecutive days 4 consecutive days to assess the value of the concentration of five specimens were detected repeatedly,calculated the corresponding hit rate,then transform into probability units,and the corresponding concentration value production regression model,the hit rate of 95 ％ corresponds to the probability unit 1.645 substituted into the equation,the resulting concentration value was LoD estimates.The detection limit values were tested for 3 consecutive days of detection of two LoD concentrations near the declared concentration of the sample (diluted by the standard material) was detected 4 times repeatedly to calculate the positive result was greater than or equal to the percentage of LoD statement,greater than or equal to the critical value of 87％,then verified success.Results HBsAg:0.100 IU/ml,HBsAb:9.642 mIU/ml,HBeAg:0.666 NCU/ml,HBeAb:3.700 NCU/ml,HBcAb:0.786 IU /ml,HCV:0.506 NCU/ml,TP:2.236 mIU/ml and HIV:0.135 NCU/ml.The detection limit estimates were passed.Conclusion The verification limit of the verification project in the testing method and detection system of the laboratory meet the requirements Objective.

Objective To investigate the effects of fluoride on trabecular bone of the tibia and lumbar in BALB/c mice.Methods Totally 64 four-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups by weight,16 per group:control group (treated with distilled water) and 3 sodium fluoride (NaF) exposure groups (treated with NaF at 25,50 and 100 mg/L F-),respectively.At 12 weeks,mice were killed and blood,two hind limbs and lumbar were collected.Bone fluoride content and incidence rates of dental fluorosis were determined.Serum content of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) were detected by micro enzyme labeled method.The ultrastructure of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in lumbar were observed via transmission electron microscope.The pathological changes of the trabecular bone of the tibia and the lumbar were observed under optical microscope,the percentage of trabecular area (％Tb.Ar) was measured with Image-Pro Plus (IPP) software.Results Bone fluoride contents of low,middle and high fluoride groups [(1 828.62 ± 102.93),(3 308.27 ± 185.63),(4 933.36 ± 301.16) mg/kg] were higher than that of the control group [(775.23 ± 92.56) mg/kg,all P ＜ 0.05].The incidences of dental fluorosis in the 4 groups were 0(0/16),47％(7/15),93％(14/15) and 100％(16/16),respectively;the difference was statistically significant (x2 =27.23,P ＜ 0.05).In middle and high fluoride groups,serum AKP [(18.30 ± 1.99),(24.50 ± 3.14) king unit/100 ml] and ACP [(11.97 ± 1.73),(11.31 ± 1.46) king unit/100 ml] were significantly higher than those of control [(14.63 ± 1.21),(9.07 ± 1.47) king unit/100 ml,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05].Under the electron microscope,osteoblast had developed organelles in each fluoride group,rough endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi body,and mitochondria were abundant,and nucleolus was obvious in the osteoblast.Osteoclast was rich in mitochondria,ruffled border clear and distributed phagocytic vacuoles in low fluoride group and middle fluoride group.Compared with the control group (17.03 ± 3.73),HE staining of tibia ％Tb.Ar in high fluoride group (28.79 ± 8.26) was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).The lumbar spine ％Tb.Ar in low,middle and high fluoride groups (15.87 ± 2.59,18.28 ± 0.89,21.99 ± 1.81) were higher than that of the control group (12.06 ± 1.76,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions BALB/c mice could be used as a model of skeletal fluorosis.Osteoblast and osteoclast are activated in BALB/c mice with skeletal fluorosis.Bone formation is more obvious than bone resorption and bone mass is increased.What is more,bone mass has increased more significantly in the lumbar spine of mice.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture at Zhongwan (CV 12) for treatment of peptic ulcer.

METHODSTwo hundred and seventy-six cases enrolled were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a control group, 138 cases in the acupuncture group were treated with deep needling at Zhongwan (CV 12) with a long needle, and 138 cases in the control group were treated with climetidine. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by clinical symptoms and gastroscopy. They were investigated for 6 weeks.

RESULTSThe acupuncture group was better than the control group in rapid alleviation of stomachache and improvement of appetite (P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 90.6% in the acupuncture group and 88.4% in the control group with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The symptoms improved significantly in the two groups (P < 0.01), but with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the therapeutic effect of gastroscopy (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at Zhongwan (CV 12) has a reliable therapeutic effect on peptic ulcer.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptic Ulcer ; therapy

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penicillin G ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Syphilis ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo measure the expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (CD58) in childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and to explore the feasibility of CD58 as an indicator for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in childhood B-ALL.

METHODSEighty-seven children diagnosed with B-ALL between January 2014 and September 2014 were enrolled, and 20 hospitalized children who had no tumor or blood disease and had normal bone marrow cell morphology served as the control group. The expression features of CD58 in bone marrow samples from the two groups (at diagnosis, on day 15 of induction chemotherapy) were analyzed by four-color flow cytometry (FCM). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and FCM were used to detect MRD in B-ALL patients on day 33 of induction chemotherapy.

RESULTSThe mean fluorescence intensity of CD58 expression in the 87 B-ALL cases (91±33) was significantly higher than that in the 20 controls (14±6) (P<0.01); CD58 was over-expressed in 44 of the B-ALL cases. In the B-ALL children, the expression of CD58 on day 15 of induction chemotherapy (105±22) was not significantly different from that at diagnosis (107±26) (P>0.05). In the 44 B-ALL patients with CD58 over-expression, FCM showed 9 MRD(+) cases and 35 MRD(-) cases, while qRT-PCR showed 11 MRD(+) cases and 33 MRD(-) cases; 42 cases (95%) showed consistent results of the two tests, so there was no significant difference between the two methods in detecting MRD (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCD58 is over-expressed and stable in children with B-ALL, and it can be considered as an indicator for MRD detection in childhood B-ALL.

Adolescent ; CD58 Antigens ; analysis ; Cell Lineage ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Induction Chemotherapy ; Infant ; Male ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; immunology