Objective To evaluate the optimal dosage of misoprostol administered in the rectum for dilation of the cervix. Methods Two hundred and forty women at 40-60 day gestational age without vaginal delivery history were randomly divided into three groups,with 80 cases in each group. Patients received 200,400 or 600μg of misoprostol rectally one hour before electrical vacuum abortions in group A,B and C,respectively. Cervical dilation,blood loss,and drug side effects in the three groups were compared. Venous blood samples were taken before vein anesthesia,and misoprostol acid concentration in the serum was tested by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The analgesic rate was 100. 00%in all three dose groups, and cervical dilation rate was 23. 75%,46. 25%and 70. 00%in groups A,B and C,respectively. The severity of drug side effects such as vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain is dose-dependent. Blood concentration of misoprostal acid was(117±65),(206± 98),and(303±149)pg·mL-1 ,in groups A,B and C,respectively. Conclusion The recommended dose of misoprostol is 400 μg administered in rectum. Rectal administration of misoprostol is cheap,safe,and convenient,and therefore could be widely applied.

Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; drug therapy

Objective To investigate the oncologic and reproductive outcomes after progestin treatment of complex endometrial hyperplasia(CEH) and grade 1 endometrial carcinoma(EC).Methods In a retrospective study, data were obtained for patients with CEH or grade 1 EC at presumed stage IA(without myometrial invasion) who wished to preserve fertility and were treated at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China, between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2011.Patients had received oral medroxyprogesterone acetate(250-500 mg/d) or megestrol acetate(160-480 mg/d) for at least 6 months.Results Among 55 included patients, median age was 32 years(range 21-41 years).41(75%) achieved complete response after a median period of 6(3-24) months.Complete response was less frequent among obese than nonobese patients(4/12 [33%] vs 37/43 [86%];P=0.001).Disease recurrence was recorded in 10(24%) patients with complete response;the 5-year recurrence-freesurvival rate was 71%.Among the 33 patients who retained a desire to conceive, 17(52%) became pregnant.Conclusions Fertility-sparing management with oral progestin is effective and safe.Obesity is associated with a lower probability of long-term success.

Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common complication in thoracic cancer patients through radiotherapy, which can be divided into the early-stage radiation-induced pneumonitis (RP) and late-stage radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF). At present, glucocorticoids are mainly adopted in the clinical treatment of RP. However, there has been no effective medical treatment for RILF. RILF patients will eventually die from respiratory failure. The exact mechanism of RILI remains unclear. Current studies have proposed that its possible pathogenesis might consist of genetic heterogeneity, oxidative stress and cell damage. In this review, studies related to the pathogenesis of RILI were summarized.

Background Scarring of the filtering bleb is a main cause of filtering surgical failure in glaucoma.It has been reposed that tetrandrine could suppress the proliferation of cultured human fibroblast of Tenons capsule in vitro and thus has the potential effect to prevent scarring after the filtering surgery. Objective Present study was to investigate the anti-cicatricial effect of tetrandrine drug delivery system(Tet DDS)during filtration surgery. Methods Filtration surgery was performed in bilateral eyes of 18 New Zealand white rabbits.The Tet DDS with 0.3 mg Tet,0.2 mg Tet or free-Tet were implanted subcunjunctially during the surgery.The filtering blebs were scored in 1 day,4,7,10,14 days after referring to the corneal thickness and bleb range under the slit-lamp biomicroscopy.The morphology of filtering bleb was assessed by in vivo confocal microscopy in 7 and 14 days after operation.The filtering bleb specimen was prepared in 7 and 14 days for the histopathological examination. Results The filtering bleb scores in Tet DDS implantation groups were significantly higher than those in free-Tet DDS group from 4 days through 14 days after trabeculectomy(P＜0.01),and the scores showed a considerably increase in 0.3 mg Tet DDS group compared with 0.2 mg Tet DDS group from 7 days through 14 days after trabeculectomy(P＜0.05).The filtering blebs of Tet DDS implantation groups were found with distinct subepithelial cystic spaces under the light microscopy and in vivo confocal microscopy on the 7th day and 14th day after surgery.Compared with free-Tet DDS group,the numbers of subepithelial mierocysts were much more(P＜0.01)and the area of microcysts was larger(P＜0.01)in Tet DDS group.The filtering tissue presented with more subepithelial microcysts and larger microcysts range in 0.3 mg Tet DDS group than 0.2 mg Tet DDS group in 7 and 14 days after operation(P＜0.05).The inflammatory cell infiltration wag milder in 0.3 mg Tet DDS group in comparison with 0.2 mg Tet DDS group and free-Ted DDS group.Conclusion Tet DDS has strong inhibitory effects on inflammatory cells activity and fibroblagt activity the early stage after filtering surgery and therefore improve the surgery success rate.

Objective:The significant role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in early diagnosis and predicting prognosis has been recognized in various cancers recently.However,the prognostic value of HOXA transcript at the distal tip (HOTTIP),a vital lncRNA in tumorigenesis,remains unclear.In this study,we evaluated its prognostic value by analyzing the correlation of HOTTIP expression with overall survival (OS),lymph node metastasis (LNM) and distant metastasis (DM) in different cancer types by meta-analysis.Methods:We performed a systematic search in PUBMED,MEDLINE,Web of Science and Cochrane Library update to November of 2016.A total of 604 patients from 6 studies were included in final analysis and went through a quantitative meta-analysis by Review manager 5.3.Results:We demonstrated that high expression of HOTTIP had a significant correlation with poor OS (hazard ratio [HR] =2.37,95％ confidence interval [CI] =1.81-3.10,p＜0.001),high LNM rate (odds ratio [OR]=2.29,95％CI=1.54-3.40,p＜0.001) as well as more DM occurrence (OR=3.30,95％CI=1.78-6.12,p＜0.001).Conclusion:Our results indicated that long non-coding RNA HOTTIP may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in cancer progression.

BACKGROUND:Compared with normal physiological flap,main advantage of venous skin flap is that it throws off the limitation of arterial vascular territory on donor site and recipient site of traditional axial skin flap.However,its survival rate is unstable.OBJECTIVE:To explore effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-[poly(lactic-co-glycolic-acid)] (PLGA)-sustained release microspheres on the survival of rabbit venous flaps.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled animal study was performed at the University of South China from May to October 2008.MATERIALS:A total of 24 healthy New Zealand rabbits were equally randomly assigned to bFGF-PLGA sustained release microsphere,blank microsphere and blank control groups.METHODS:The formulation of bFGF microspheres was optimized by orthogonal design.bFGF-PLGA microspheres were prepared by optimized method.Lateral abdominal wall skin flap was created in rabbits from 3 groups.Five days before operation,28.85 g/L bFGF-PLGA microspheres 3 mL (containing bFGF 20 ?g) was intradermally injected into rabbits from the bFGF-PLGA sustained release microsphere group.An equal volume of blank microsphere + bFGF was injected in the rabbits of the blank microsphere group.Rabbits from the blank control group were infused with the same volume of saline.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Morphology and particle distribution of bFGF-PLGA microspheres,drug loading volume,encapsulation efficiency,in vitro drug release characteristics were measured.After seven days,the survival area of skin was determined.Rabbit skin samples received CD34+ immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of CD34+ and average number of blood vessels.RESULTS:The bFGF microsphere prepared based on optimized formulation exhibited well-defined properties,with the even and uniform sphere in appearance,regular particles without adhesion,about 98% of particles with a size distribution between 12.50 to 43.49 ?m,with a mean particle size of 26.93 ?m and size span of (0.611 ? 6.60).The drug loading volume and encapsulation efficiency of bFGF microsphere reached [(23.11?0.44)?10-3]% and (86.51?0.83)%,respectively.In the burst release phase,the rate of in vitro drug release amounted to 27.78%,but rose to 81.56% accumulatively 30 days later.The in vitro drug release of bFGF microsphere corresponded with Higuichi equation (r=0.997).The sustained-release microspheres,blank microspheres and normal saline group,the average survival of the flap and the average number of blood vessels were similar (P=0.597,P=0.336),but still significantly lower than the bFGF-PLGA sustained release microsphere group (P=0.000).Results of immunohistochemical staining revealed that bFGF-PLGA promoted blood supple between flap and surroundings,improved flap survival and abundant CD34+ expression.CONCLUSION:bFGF microsphere with good morphology,high drug loading volume and encapsulation efficiency can be obtained using W/O/W multiple emulsion evaporation method.The bFGF microsphere can promote the survival of rabbit venous flaps through a long period due to sustained release of bFGF.

BACKGROUND: The soft tissues would shrink with nasal framework collapse following surgical trauma, which cause aseptic inflammation, lead to parts of cartilage resorption. Accordingly, long-term saddle nose deformity usually accompanied by short nasal columella. Complications such as skin perforation or ulceration would appear if corrected the deformity using medical silicone rubber with large tension.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of repairing post-traumatic saddle nose deformity with autologous costal cartilage transplantation.METHODS: A total of 21 cases with post-traumatic saddle nose deformity accompanied by short nasal columella were selected, including 6 males and 15 females, aged 16 45 years. All of the cases had trauma history and agreed with the treatment. The costal cartilage was obtained from the seventh rib and formed to babylon weeping willow leaf shape and columella nasi stent to repair post-traumatic saddle nose deformity. The "V-Y" progradation suture was used in the philtrum introcession and the botton of nasal columella to extend the nasal columella. The recovery of saddle nose deformity after transplantation, discharge of transplanted cartilage, as well as the incision scar status was observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results were satisfactory and there were no complications after transplantation. All the cases were followed up from 6 months to 2 years. No case suffered costal cartilage grafts discharge or chondral deformation. The scar was little at the bottom of nasal columella. It is an ideal method for repairing post-traumatic saddle nose deformity using transplantation of autologous costal cartilage with "V-Y" progradation suture.

BACKGROUND: Compared with normal physiological flap, main advantage of venous skin flap is that it throws off the limitation of arterial vascular territory on donor site and recipient site of traditional axial skin flap. However, its survival rate is unstable. OBJECTIVE: To explore effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic-acid)] (PLGA)-sustained release microspheres on the survival of rabbit venous flaps.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized controlled animal study was performed at the University of South China from May to October 2008.MATERIALS: A total of 24 healthy New Zealand rabbits were equally randomly assigned to bFGF-PLGA sustained release microsphere, blank microsphere and blank control groups.METHODS: The formulation of bFGF microspheres was optimized by orthogonal design. bFGF-PLGA microspheres were prepared by optimized method. Lateral abdominal wall skin flap was created in rabbits from 3 groups. Five days before operation, 28.85 g/L bFGF-PLGA microspheres 3 mL (containing bFGF 20 μg) was intradermally injected into rabbits from the bFGF-PLGA sustained release microsphere group. An equal volume of blank microsphere + bFGF was injected in the rabbits of the blank microsphere group. Rabbits from the blank control group were infused with the same volume of saline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology and particle distribution of bFGF-PLGA microspheres, drug loading volume, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release characteristics were measured. After seven days, the survival area of skin was determined. Rabbit skin samples received CD34~+ immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of CD34~+ and average number of blood vessels. RESULTS: The bFGF microsphere prepared based on optimized formulation exhibited well-defined properties, with the even and uniform sphere in appearance, regular particles without adhesion, about 98% of particles with a size distribution between 12.50 to 43.49 μm, with a mean particle size of 26.93μm and size span of (0.611 ± 6.60). The drug loading volume and encapsulation efficiency of bFGF microsphere reached [(23.11 ±0.44 )x10~3]% and (86.51±0.83)%, respectively. In the burst release phase, the rate of in vitro drug release amounted to 27.78%, but rose to 81.56% accumulatively 30 days later. The in vitro drug release of bFGF microsphere corresponded with Higuichi equation (r= 0.997). The sustained-release microspheres, blank microspheres and normal saline group, the average survival of the flap and the average number of blood vessels were similar (P=0.597, P=0.336), but still significantly lower than the bFGF-PLGA sustained release microsphere group (P=0.000). Results of immunohistochemical staining revealed that bFGF-PLGA promoted blood supple between flap and surroundings, improved flap survival and abundant CD34~+ expression. CONCLUSION: bFGF microsphere with good morphology, high drug loading volume and encapsulation efficiency can be obtained using W/O/W multiple emulsion evaporation method. The bFGF microsphere can promote the survival of rabbit venous flaps through a long period due to sustained release of bFGF.

Objective To investigate the effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the healing of skin ulcers using Balb/c mice. Methods Wounds with a diameter 6 mm were created on each side of the backs of BalB/c mice ( n = 150) using a punch bioptome. The mice were assigned randomly into a control group ( wounds healed naturally), a laser group (wounds treated with a He-Ne laser for 10 min daily) and a CAP group (wounds treated with CAP for 10 min daily). Wound healing was evaluated on postoperative days (PODs) 4, 7, 10 and 14 in terms of percent wound closure. Ten mice per group were sacrificed on each of the evaluation days. Both wounds were removed and a histological examination was conducted. A scoring system was used to evaluate the wounds. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) in the wounded tissue was detected by using immunohistochemical methods on POD 7. The results were quantified using an HPIAS-1000 system. Results Compared with the control group, the average percentage of wound healing was significantly greater in the CAP group on PODs 7 and 10. The average scores on the histological examination were significantly higher in the CAP group on PODs 7, 10 and 14. Compared with the other two groups, the expression of VEGF was up-regulated significantly in the CAP group.Conclusions CAP can positively affect the wound healing process. This might be related to the up-regulation of VEGF in the wounded tissues.