Behcet Syndrome ; Child ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; Male

Mammal multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) play an important role in the transport of organic cations in the body. MATEs mediate the final excretion step for multiple organic cation drug used clinically and important endogenous substances. This article reviews the discovery, type, gene coding and polymorphism, body distribution, classification of substrates and inhibitors and their research method of MATEs. The article also discusses the major research significance of MATEs with examples.
Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cations ; Organic Cation Transport Proteins ; metabolism ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Currently,XB130 as a newly discovered characterized adaptor protein ,it has been implicated as a substrate and regulator of many intracellular signal transduction ,such as FAK/SRC,PI3K/Akt and MEK-ERK signaling and so on.It has been found that XB130 is high expression in many cell lines ,for instance thyroid carcinoma,osteosarcoma,gastric cancer,esophageal cancer and breast cancer etc .The mechanism of XB130 in tumor is becoming increasingly attention .XB130 is recently attributed to be a new oncogene ,and plays important roles in cell pro -liferation,cell survival and tumorigenesis .A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may lead to the discovery of XB130 as an important mediator in tumor development and as a novel therapeutic target for cancer.

30 mmHg on day 1 after SLT.Blurring and anterior uveitis were controlled. Conclusion SLT may be a safe and effective therapy for POAG.

Objective To discuss the therapeutic methods and strategies of fractionated embolization in treating large cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM). Methods During the period from May 2005 to May 2013 at authors’ hospital, endovascular fractionated embolization was performed in 35 cases with large cAVM. The lesions were located in the frontal lobe (n = 11), the parietal lobe(n = 8), the temporal lobe (n = 6), the occipital lobe (n = 4), the lateral temporal area (n = 2) and the deep white matter and basal ganglia (n = 4). The longest diameter of the lesions was 6 - 12 cm, with a mean of 7.23 cm. The number of supply vessels was 2 - 5. The lesions were drained by superficial veins in 13 cases, by deep veins in 9 cases and by both superficial and deep veins in 17 cases. The exit stenosis of the draining vein was seen in 3 cases, while the dilatation of the draining vein was found in 6 cases. Angiography showed that the lesions were situated at the right side in 16 cases and at the left side in 19 cases. Results A total of 297 times of embolization operating-process were carried out in the 35 patients, of which NBCA was used in 107, ONYX in 153 with, FuAiLe medical adhesive in 15, combination use of NBCA and ONYX in 9 and combination use of ONYX and FuAiLe medical adhesive in 13. No death occurred after treatment. After the first embolization, the residual malformation volume usually decreased to < 50%. The interval between the first and the second embolization was 1 - 3 months. Generally, two to four times of embolization were performed in each patient. Complete occlusion of the lesion was obtained in 26 cases, and sub - complete occlusion of the lesion (> 80%embolization) in 9 patients. Good recovery was achieved in all patients. After fractionated embolization, the volume of the cAVMs was decreased gradually and ultimate clinical cure was achieved, which laid the foundation for conducting further micro - neruosurgery or radiation therapy. Conclusion For the treatment of large cerebral arteriovenous malformation, fractionated embolization has reliable therapeutic effect. Therefore, this technique should be recommended in clinical practice.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between recurrence of cryptogenic ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CICVD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO),as well as to access the clinical significance of PFO in ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Methods Consecutive patients with CICVD aged 15 to 70 years who were hospitalized in Department of Neurology,Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University from January 2008 to March 2011 were prospectively investigated.Identified by transesophageal echocardiography,patients were divided into two groups with respect to outcome:PFO group and non-PFO group.The recurrence of cerebral ischemic events was compared between the two groups after neurological follow-up.Results A total of 91 patients were recruited,including 57 patients with PFO and 34 patients without PFO.The follow-up period of two groups was 695 (506,1142) d.The recurrence rate at 15 months in patients with PFO (24.5％ (12/49)) was higher than those without PFO (6.9％ (2/29),x2 =4.391,P =0.036).Cum hazard curve indicated that recurrence risk of cerebral ischemic events in patients with CICVD in PFO group was higher than that of patients in non-PFO group during the follow-up period (P =0.044).Cox model used for multivariate survival analysis indicated that PFO was a risk factor for cerebral ischemic event recurrence among patients with CICVD (OR =4.159,95％ CI 1.178-14.689,P =0.027).Conclusions PFO is associated with increased recurrence risk of cerebral ischemia in CICVD patients.In addition,PFO may be a significant factor for ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

According to the existing Provisions for Drug Registration (SFDA Order No. 28), applications for new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine are divided into two parts: the applications for drug clinical trial and for drug production (including new drug certificate). It will last for about 10 years from the application for drug clinical trial to get approving, and it also remains many problems and the low probability to succeed. From the sight of pharmaceutical review, there are mainly two aspects of regulatory compliance and technical issues, mainly for changes without approval of the competent authorities of the country. For example, sample preparation and approval of clinical trial process are significant changes. Technical problems are reporting incomplete data or information submitted does not comply with the technical requirements for review, such as: production process validation does not provide information, the preparation of samples for clinical trials and field inspection, production information, or the information provided does not meet the technical requirements. This paper summarizes the frequently asked questions and to make recommendations to advise applicants concerned, timely detection of problems, avoid risk, improving the quality and efficiency of the application for registration.
China ; Drug Approval ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Drug Evaluation ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To prepare the pH-dependent Yuchangning Tablet for colon-specific delivery(PYTCSD) used in treating the ulcerative colitis and evaluating the releasing property in vivo and in vitro.Methods The coating prescription was screened by the in vitro delivery of matrine and oxymatrine.The in vitro releasing property of the preparation was examined by the method of in vitro delivery. The in vivo releasing property of the preparation was evaluated by the shadowgraph technique of barium sulfate.Results The preparation method of the PYTCSD was obtained.The core of the tablet was coated by the alcohol solution mixed with 3.70%(g/mL) Eudragit Ⅲ,0.37%(g/mL) DEP,and 0.93%(g/mL) talcum power.The weight of the core was increased 8%.From the in vitro delivery,matrine and oxymatrine were not detected in the simulated gastric fluid after 2 h.The quantities of matrine and oxymatrine were less 10% in the simulated intestinal fluid after 4 h.The quantities of matrine and oxymatrine were 86.5% and 86.8% in the simulated colon fluid after 1 h.On the basis of the in vivo delivery by treating eight volunteers,the PYTCSD could completely get to the ileocecum or ascending colon and disintegrate in that part.Conclusion The PYTCSD can be prepared and the preparation is significantly delivered in the specific colon.

Objective To study the simple preparation method and structure of nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite, to investigate new substitute of repairing bone for using in tissue engineering. Methods Porous nano-hydroxyapatite was made of Ca (OH)2 and H3PO4. Collagen was drawn from fresh adult bovine tendon. The two materials were prepared into biomembrane through the glutaraldehyde and freeze-drying. The crystallite phase, micro-morphology, structure, crystallite size of the composite were examined by XRD and scanning electronic microscop (SEM). Results The results showed that the composite structure was porous and consisted of nano-hydroxyapatite (10 nm ? 50 nm - 20 nm ? 80 nm) and collagen fiber. The crystallite phases and size of the composite was similar to that of natural bone. Conclusion The porous nano-hydroxyapatite /collagen composite is expected to be an ideal substitute of repairing bone.

Objective To evaluate the correlation of intrahepatic HBV DNA load with the HBV load in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)and the stage of fibrosis,grade of inflammation,level of serum ALT and AST.Methods Liver specimens were taken from 50 patients by percutaneous needle biopsy and divided into two parts:one was processed for histological examination,and the other was used for molecular biology analyses.HBV DNA load was measured with fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR).The data of serum level of ALT and AST were collected.Results A high correlation between intrahepatic HBV-DNA load and serum virus load was found(r=0.77977,P