Objective:To observe the temporal and spatial expression and function of mcpr1 gene during murine tooth germ development.Methods:The expression of MCPR1 at different stages of mouse tooth germ were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Results:MCPR1 expression was detected at all stages of tooth germ, but the distribution patterns at various stages were different. It indicated that the temporal and spatial expression pattern of MCPR1 during murine tooth germ development was specific.Conclusion:mcpr1 might play an important role in modulating the differentiation and mature of enamel organ.

Objective To optimize the supercritical carbon dioxide(SC-CO2)extraction of lipids from tempeh(TE-C)and further improve the lipid classes ratio. Methods The experimental parameters of SC-CO2 extraction including extraction temperature, pressure,and moisture content of tempeh were optimized using a Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology (RSM),according to the weighted extraction ratio of TE-C and lipid classes after the experimental results of single factors. Detailed chemical compositions of TE-C obtained by optimum conditions of SC-CO2 extraction were analyzed by high performance liquid chroma?tography with an evaporative light-scattering detector(HPLC-ELSD)and high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pres?sure chemical ionization mass spectrometry(HPLC-APCI-MS). Results TE-C was composed of three lipid classes:fatty acids(Ⅰ), diacylglycerols(Ⅱ)and triacylglycerols(Ⅲ). The optimum SC-CO2 extraction conditions of TE-C were 50℃extraction temperature, 25 MPa pressure,1.99%moisture content of tempeh and 1.5 hour extraction time. Conclusion The optimum value of RSM for SC-CO2 extraction was(5.97±0.15)g/100 g.

We recently found that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity was present in lymphocytes of rat thymus and lymph node. In order to investigate whether these cells were capable of synthesizing CGRP, CGRP mRNA of rat dorsal root ganglia, thymocytes and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were determined by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) utilizing synthetic oligonucleotides bracketing a portion of the calcitonin/CGRP gene. A discrete band of the expected size of 90 base pairs was found in the dorsal root ganglia (positive control), and in both thymocytes and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes. These data strongly suggest that CGRP is not only an important neuropeptide, but it is also synthesized in lymphocytes of both thymus and lymph nodes, which is identical to that in sensory neurons. CGRP from lymphocytes may act as an immunomodulator and serve as a common ligand in immune and nervous systems.

Female ; Humans ; Ligamentum Flavum ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Spinal Stenosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the clinical effect and therapeutic mechanism of Nanmiqing capsule made of rheum palmatum, leech, astragalus memberanaceus on patients with chronic prostatitis(CP).

METHODSSeventy-six CP cases were treated with Nanmiqing, while 32 CP cases were treated with Qianliekang as a control. The changes of EPS were observed pre- and post-treatment. The rat model of CP got by Xiaozhiling inducing were treated with Nanmiqing and Qianliekang respectively. The concentration of endothelin, TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and SOD, IgG, IgA in plasma were measured pre- and post-treatment, meanwhile, pathological changes of prostate tissues were observed.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 89.47% in treatment group, which was significantly higher than 71.88% in the control group (P < 0.01). Experimental study for CP rats showed that the Nanmiqing was more effective medicine than Qianliekang (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSNanmiqing was an effective medicine for CP. The mechanism of clearing heat and resolving toxin, activating blood and removing stasis and reinforcing Qi in chinese medicine could be the explanation of the useful treatment including three therapentic ways.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha ; metabolism ; Adult ; Capsules ; Chronic Disease ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Endothelin-1 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Thromboxane B2 ; metabolism ; Treatment Outcome

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaves contain mainly phenolic components with antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects. One of the principle components is p-coumaric acid. In this study, the transport behavior of p-coumaric acid, was observed after the administration of pineapple leaf phenols in vitro. Simultaneously, the effect of the phenols on glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides transportation and metabolism in HepG2 cells was also observed. The results showed that the phenols had good transport characteristics. 5 min after the administration, p-coumaric acid of the phenols could be detected, and the content of p-coumaric acid reached the peak concentration after 60 min of the administration. p-coumaric acid of phenols have time-and dose-dependent manner. While promoting glucose transporter (GLUT4) and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression, the phenols decreased intracellular lipid content. This reduction of intracellular lipid content was highly correlated with the promotion of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) expression, while the reduction of intracellular glucose levels was correlated with glycogen synthesis in the cells.
Ananas ; chemistry ; Biological Transport ; drug effects ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect and operative characteristic of the anatomic plate and trapezoid plate for treament of the comminuted intertrochanteric fracture combined with trochanteric coronal position fracture.

METHODSFrom Jan. 1998 to Mar. 2007, 57 patients suffered from comminuted intertrochanteric fracture combined with trochanteric coronal position fracture were randomly divided into two groups, 21 patients in trapezoid plate group were treated with the trapezoid compression plate, included 11 males and 10 females with an average age of 41.8 years; and 36 patients in anatomic plate group were treated with the anatomic plate, included 17 males and 19 females with an average age of 42.1 years. All of the 57 fractures were A3 type according to AO classification. The functions of hip joints were evaluated according to the Harris hip functional standard score.

RESULTSAll 57 patients were followed-up for 5 months to 9 years and 3 months with an average of 4.8 years. The healing time of the fractures was from 8 to 20 weeks with an average of 12.8 weeks. The results of Harris scoring showed the pain scores of the anatomic plate group were higher than that of the trapezoid plate group (P < 0.05). The function scores of the anatomic plate group were higher than that of the trapezoid plate group (P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant different in the deformity and ranges of joint scores between two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn unstable comminuted intertrochanteric fracture combined with trochanteric coronal position fracture, the lateral wall of trochanteric is often destroyed. The anatomic plate and the trapeziod compression plate can provide effective internal fixation, while many othere internal fixation methods were limited in this kind of fracture. As compared with the anatomic plate fixation, the trapezoid compression plate fixation of comminuted intertrochanteric fracture combined with trochanteric coronal position fracture have several advantages, such as fewer complications, faster union of fracture and earlier recovery of joint functions.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Hip Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Mitochondria regulate numerous crucial cell processes, including energy production, apoptotic cell death, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Here, we applied an efficient mitochondria-based centrifugal ultrafiltration/liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method,also known as screening method for mitochondria-targeted bioactive constituents (SM-MBC). This method allowed searching natural mitochondria-targeting compounds from traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs), including Puerariae Radix (PR) and Chuanxiong Radix (CR). A total of 23 active compounds were successfully discovered from the two TCMs extracts. Among these 23 hit compounds, 17 were identified by LC/MS, 12 of which were novel mitochondria-targeting compounds. Among these, 6 active compounds were analyzed in vitro for pharmacological tests and found able to affect mitochondrial functions. We also investigated the effects of the hit compounds on HepG2 cell proliferation and on loss of cardiomyocyte viability induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. The results obtained are useful for in-depth understanding of mechanisms underlying TCMs therapeutic effects at mitochondria level and for developing novel potential drugs using TCMs as lead compounds. Finally, we showed that SM-MBC was an efficient protocol for the rapid screening of mitochondria-targeting constituents from complex samples such as PR and CR extracts.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic polymorphism in the 5' and 3' region of TPH2 gene of Northern Chinese Han population and to explore its application value in forensic medicine. METHODS: The sequence variants and the genetic polymorphisms of 6 SNP loci (rs4570625, rs11178997, rs11178998, rs41317118, rs17110747 and rs41317114) within a 905 bp 5' flanking region and a 1,104bp 3' flanking region of TPH2 gene were analyzed by DNA sequencing in a total of 244 unrelated healthy individuals in Northern Chinese Han population. The statistical analysis was carried out by Haploview v4.2 software. RESULTS: The genotypic distributions of the 6 SNP loci in the TPH2 gene were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. One C/T variant in 92922 site was found. There was a high linkage disequilibrium among the 3 SNP loci (rs4570625, rs11178997 and rs11178998) in the 5' region and the 3 SNP loci (rs41317118, rs17110747 and rs41317114) in the 3' region of TPH2 gene, respectively. The parameters of population genetics of 6 SNP loci were obtained. CONCLUSION There are great polymorphisms in the 5' and 3' region of TPH2 gene in Northern Chinese Han population, which could be used as genetic indexes for association analysis of the related diseases, as well as for forensic individual identification and paternity testing.
3' Untranslated Regions ; 5' Untranslated Regions ; Asian People/genetics* ; China/ethnology* ; Forensic Genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium/genetics* ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase/genetics*

BACKGROUNDEquatorial lens epithelial cells proliferate and differentiate into fiber cells throughout life, while central lens epithelial cells proliferate little and do not form fiber cells. This study aimed to investigate the differences in gene expression between the central and the peripheral epithelial cells of the bovine lens.

METHODSLens epithelia were dissected into central (

RESULTSBy microarray analysis, 67 transcripts were at least two-fold lower and 269 at least two-fold higher in pLEC compared with that in cLEC. Thirty-four protein spots, including 20 in cLEC and 14 in pLEC, were identified by two dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Of these 34 protein products, 28 were represented by probe sets on the microarray. Nine transcripts changed in the same direction and four transcripts in the opposite direction to their protein products. Immunoanalyses revealed that three (mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), nidogen (NID), small nuclear ribonucleoprotein N (SNRPN)) out of four transcripts with opposite change between 2-DE and microarray assay showed the same changes as the results of 2-DE gel analyses. The genes differently expressed between cLEC and pLEC mainly include those related to the MAPK, transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling and glycolysis pathways.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that there were distinctly different genome activities, including a specific group of pathways, between central and peripheral lens epithelial cells.

Animals ; Cattle ; physiology ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Epithelium ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lens, Crystalline ; metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization