OBJECTIVE In order to take further study of principles and risk factors of infection breakouts at hospitals to reduce infection rates,and provide all levels of management with infectious information.METHODS After collecting the data of hospital infections and analyzing the datum structure of the hospital information system,we developed the software of nosocomial infection information management system using word `segmentation.RESULTS The subsystem could monitor infection of all inpatients,collect and analyze the data of infection examination,patients infected,usage of antibiotics and intervening operations,therefore,relieve information administers from collection works and make them focus on analysis,guidance and problem solutions.CONCLUSIONS As a part of the hospital information system,nosocomial infection information management system can improve the affectivity and efficiency of hospital infection administers due to its accuracy,timeliness and wide coverage.

There is a new research model named 'registry study/patient registry' in Western medicine, which could be referred to by Chinese medicine researchers, such as active safety surveillance. This article will introduce registry study from different aspects as the developing history, features, and application in order to inform Chinese medicine researchers of future studies.
Marketing ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; economics ; Phytotherapy ; adverse effects ; economics ; Registries ; Safety Management ; methods

Objective To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung.Methods Clinicopathologic characteristics and immunohistochemical results of 42 cases with sarcoma- toid carcinoma of the lung were analyzed.Results Forty-two cases were pathologically proved to be spindle cell carcinoma,1 cases;giant cell carcinoma,1 case;carcinosarcoma,4 cases;pleomorphic carcinoma,36 cases.The tumors were composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.Immunohistochemistry showed that CK was positive in 24 of 24 cases,EMA was positive in 18 of 20 cases,Vim was positive in 25 of 25 cases.Eighteen cases were survival One-year survival rate was 61.2 %,with mean survival 13.3 months. Conclusion Diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung depends on pathologic and immunohistochemical results.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the reason and strategy for failure of posterior pedicle screw short-segment internal fixation on thoracolumbar fractures.

METHODSFrom March 2008 to December 2010,the clinical data of 18 patients with thoracolumbar fracture failed in posterior pedicle screw short-segment internal fixation were retrospectively analyzed. There were 11 males and 7 females with an average age of 37.2 years (ranged, 19 to 63). The time from the first operation to complication occurrence was from 6 to 44 months with an average of 14.3 months. Of them,fusion failure was in 7 cases (combined with screw breakage in 4 cases), the progressive neuro-dysfunction was in 5 cases,the progressive lumbodorsal pain was in 6 cases. All 18 patients with kyphosis were treated with anterior internal fixation remaining posterior fixation (9 cases) and anterior internal fixation after posterior fixation removal (9 cases).

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up from 18 to 50 months with an average of 30.5 months. No intetnal fixation loosening and breakage were found, moreover, X-ray and lamellar CT showed bone healing well. Preoperative, postoperative at 3 months and at final follow-up, ODI score was respectively 31.6+/-5.1, 8.6+/-5.7, 8.3+/-3.2; VAS score was respectively 7.2+/-2.3, 2.3+/-0.7, 2.1+/-1.1; kyphosis angle was respectively (-21.2/-+7.8 degreeso, (-5.3+/-6.8 degrees ), (-5.8+/-7.8 )degrees. Compared with preoperative data ,above-listed items had obviously ameliorated(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONTreatment of thoracolumbar fracture with posterior pedicle screw short-segment internal fixation may result in the complications such as bone nonunion ,internal fixation breakage and progressive kyphosis. Anterior reconstruction may be a good strategy for the failure of posterior operation.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery

This study aims to assess if adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to parenterally administered salvianolate are allergic in origin. Hospital information system (HIS) data from 20 hospitals in China were used to carry out a retrospective nested case control design study. Included were patients who received dexamethasone for suspected allergic reactions after receiving parenterally administered salvianolate. These were compared with non-allergic reaction people. Single factor logistic regression and multiple factor logistic regression were used to analyze data. Condition on admission, allergic history, dosage, disease status and drug combinations were taken into account in cases of suspected allergic reactions. After analysis in two subgroups we found that the condition on admission had a significant effect, P values was < 0.000 1 on suspected cases of allergic reactions in the first subgroup analysis. For the second subgroup analysis, we found condition on solvents had a significant effects, P values was 0.005 1 on suspected cases of allergic reactions. We also found that using other four injections at the same time as parenterally administered salvianolate could be risky factors in suspected cases of allergic reactions. For the second subgroup analysis combining using three injections could increase risks. However, further research for verification is required. This study can provide guidance for safe clinical practice in using parenterally administered salvianolate.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; diagnosis ; Female ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plant Extracts ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies

In recent 10 years, clinical trials of Chinese medicine and pharmacy (cMP) at clinicalTrials.gov.(USA) are gradually increasing. In order to analyze features of CMP clinical register, ClinicalTrials.gov register database were comprehensively retrieved in this study. Included clinical trials were input one item after another using EXCEL. A final of 348 CMP clinical trials were included. Results showed that China occupied the first place in CMP clinical register, followed by USA. CMP clinical trials, sponsored mainly by colleges/universities and hospitals, mostly covered interventional studies on evaluating safety/effectiveness of CMP. The proportions of studies, sponsored by mainland China and companies, recruitment trials and multi-center clinical trials in interventional trials were increasing. The proportions of studies sponsored by Hong Kong and Taiwan, research completed trials, unclear research status, phase III clinical trials, and published research trials in interventional trials were decreasing. Published ratios of CMP clinical trials were quite low. There were more missing types and higher proportions in trial register information.
Biomedical Research ; China ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; United States

In temporomandibular disorders (TMD), pain takes place when neuropeptides stimulate synovial tissue to produce several cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which activate neurons and glia of synovial membrane at the bilaminar regions of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It has been reported that, after neurogenic differentiation, the synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs), deriving from TMJ, possess the same cytological features as the neuronal cells. This study examined the ability of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to stimulate SMSCs and neurogenic SMSCs secreting inflammatory cytokines during TMD, evaluated the mutual effects of inflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides and tested the analgesic effect of hyaluronic acid (HA). The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in SMSCs and neurogenic SMSCs in the presence of neuropeptides were measured by ELISA. SP and CGRP produced by SMSCs and neurogenic SMSCs were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that the expression of SP and CGRP was significantly enhanced in the neurogenic SMSCs in response to IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and the effect was remarkably inhibited by HA. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, in return, could be enhanced in the neurogenic SMSCs upon stimulation by SP and CGRP. Neuropeptides and inflammatory cytokines might work mutually on the TMD pain. The HA-mediated analgesic effect may be implicated in the inhibition of SP and CGRP expression in neurogenic SMSCs.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome and prenatal diagnosis feasibility of fetal congenital cardiac diventiculum.Methods The data of 12 fetuses with congenital cardiac diventiculum were retrospectively reviewed.The prenatal and postnatal medical records,including the characteristics of diverticulum,presence of abnormalities,karyotype and the outcomes of each pregnancy were collected.Results The overall incidence of cardiac diventiculum was 0.03％ (12/40 564) and the rate of incidence between left and right ventricle was 2 ∶ 1.Mean size of diventiculum was (69.75 ± 28.73)mm2,mean diameter of the diventiculum neck was (3.58 ± 0.80) mm and mean thickness of diventiculum wall was (1.54± 0.29)mm.Seven cases (58.4％) as an isolated malformation,5 cases (41.6％) combined with cardiac defect and extracardiac abnormalities,2 cases (16.7 ％) with chromosomal abnormalities.Five cases underwent termination of pregnancy,1 case died in uterus and 6 cases were born live.The mean follow-up periods was (62.33±-36.52)month.Of the 6 follow-up cases,4 cases (66.7％) remained asymptomatic,one case underwent drug therapy because of arrhythmia and one case combined with VSD underwent operation.Conclusions Echocardiography could be an useful tool to demonstrate and monitor congenital cardiac diventiculum prenatally and postnatally.The outcome of cardiac diventiculum depends on the size,progression,and the combined abnormalities and complications.

Objective To explore the effect of high glucose on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in rat glomerular endothelial cells and its probable mechanism.Methods Rat glomerular endothelial cells were stimulated by culture medium containing 5 mmol/L or 30 mmol/L glucose (with or without pre-treatment of captopril and chymostatin) for 12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h.ELISA,real-time PCR,Western blotting and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy were employed to examine the follows:the angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) concentration in cell lysate and the culture medium; the mRNA levels of angiotensinogen and renin; the protein levels of angiotensin Ⅱtype 1 receptor (AT1R),angiotensin Ⅱ type 2 receptor (AT2R),renin and angiotensinogen in cell lysate; localization of intracellular AT1R,AT2R and renin.Results Exposure to high glucose for only 12 h or 72 h resulted in a significant increase of Ang Ⅱ levels in the culture medium compared with control cells (P＜0.05),but only exposure to high glucose for 72 h resulted in a significant increase of Ang Ⅱ levels in the cell lysate compared with control cells (P＜0.05).However,exposure to high glucose for 24 h or 48 h had no effects on Ang Ⅱ levels in the cell lysate or culture medium.The captopril and chymostatin were able to antagonize high glucose induced Ang Ⅱ generation when exposure time was 72 h but not 12 h.Exposure to high glucoseincreased the mRNA level of angiotensinogen,but reduced the level of renin mRNA,meanwhile angiotensinogen protein increased,and AT1 protein reduced,but protein levels of AT2R and renin were unchanged.However,the transformation of AT2R from the cell nucleus to cytoplasm was observed.Conclusions High glucose can activate the local renin-angiotensin system in rat glomerular endothelial cells,and the probable mechanism may contribute to ACE and non-ACE pathways.The effects of high glucose on glomerular endothelial cells may also involve in the substrate and receptors of Ang Ⅱ.

Objective To analyze the pathological and clinical characteristics of patients with idiopathic IgA nephropathy accompanied by vasculitic/crescentic lesion (IgA-V/C). Methods Data of 222 patients diagnosed as idiopathic IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy, among them 87 cases with vasculitic/crescenlic (V/C)lesion, from our department in 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical and pathological data from patients with IgA-V/C were compared to those of non-IgA-V/C patients and of lupus nephritis (LN) patients with V/C lesion. Results Vasculitic/crescentic lesion was found in 39.19% (87/222) patients with idiopathic IgA nephropathy.And about( 14.08?12.75)% of the glomeruli was affected. It should be taken into account that there was no significant differences of clinical manifestations including blood pressure, urinary protein excretion between IgA-V/C group and non-IgA-V/C group .except serum creatinine(Scr)level which was significantly higher in IgA-V/C group. In addition, only 37.9% of IgA-V/C patients presented high Scr level,thus the lesion of V/C in idiopathic IgA nephropathy was easily overlooked. Patients with idiopathic IgA nephropathy were found to have higher percentage of glomerular sclerosis (64.86% vs 40.00%) and ratio of sclerostic glomeruli to total glomeruli [ (26.98 ?24.68)% vs (16.10 ?18.80)% ]as compared to LN group, which further predicated the progressing characteristics of IgA nephropathy. Conclusions Vasculitic/crescentic lesion is a quite common finding in idiopathic IgA nephropathy and often associated with no dramatically symptoms. It is possible for vasculitic/crescentic lesion to induce unmarked lose of nephron slowly and continually, so as to accelerate IgA nephropathy progression to end-stage renal failure.