There are few articles or reports collecting evidence about parenterally administered salvianolate from premarketing and postmarketing research or studies systematically. This article is an exact miniature of a systematical report about parenterally administered salvianolate. We analyzed information from four aspects, such as quality control reports, non-clinical premarketing safety experiments, postmarketing research (efficacy studies, hospital information system data and national spontaneous reporting system data) and literature analysis. All the four aspects build an evidence body for Kudiezi Solution in order to inform its safety use in clinical practice and further study.
Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects

12 strains of H2-producing bacteria were isolated and purified from anaerobic sludge, aerobic sludge and river bottom sludge by Hungate method. A new species of high efficient hydrogen production bacterium Enterococcus sp. LG1 (registration number: EU258743 ) was studied deeply. It was showed that the Enterococcus sp. LG1 was an anaerobic and Gram-negative bacterium. Sequence analysis of this type of clones showed that it was affiliated with the genus Enterococcus and it was not reported yet in other paper at present. Meanwhile, batch tests of anaerobic fermentative hydrogen production by Enterococcus sp. LG1 were investigated by using sterilization pretreated sludge as substrate. The changes of soluble COD, protein, carbohydrate and pH value during hydrogen fermentation were monitored. It was found that only hydrogen and carbon dioxide were produced by this strain and no methane was detected during fermentation. The maximal hydrogen yield was 36.48 mL/g TCOD and the hydrogen concentration in the gas phase was 73.5%. The Enterococcus sp. LG1 was a butyrate fermentation bacteria analyzed by metabolites.

BACKGROUNDNon-heart-beating donor lung has been a promising source of lung transplantation. Many studies on non-heart-beating donor lungs are based on animal lung transplantation. In this study, we assessed by organ bath the effect of one-hour warm ischemia on the non-heart-beating donor lung in terms of the integrity of contractile and relaxant functions and tissue structures of pulmonic arteries and bronchi.

METHODSSixteen Swedish pigs were randomly classified into two groups: heart-beating donor group and 1-hour warm ischemia non-heart-beating donor group. Pulmonic and bronchial rings were taken from the isolated left lungs of the pigs. The pulmonic rings were stimulated by U-46619 (5.7 mol/L) and acetylcholine (10(-4) mmol/L) to assess the contractile abilities of smooth muscle and the endothelium-dependent relaxation response, respectively. As such, acetylcholine (10(-5) mmol/L) and natrium arachidonic acid (0.01%) were used to detect the contraction of bronchial smooth muscle and epithelium-dependent relaxation response. Meanwhile, the variances of precontraction tension of control groups were recorded to measure whether there was spontaneous relaxation during endothelium/epithelium-dependent relaxation course. Finally, papaverine solution (10(-4) mmol/L) was used to detect the non-endothelium/epithelium-dependent relaxant abilities of pulmonic and bronchial smooth muscles.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in the tension values of precontraction of pulmonic rings (P > 0.05), endothelium-dependent relaxation (P > 0.05), precontraction of bronchial rings (P > 0.05) and epithelium-dependent relaxation (P > 0.05) between the heart-beating donor group and the 1-hour warm ischemia non-heart-beating donor group. And the pulmonic and bronchial rings of each subgroup B had no spontaneous relaxation. Finally, papaverine solution relaxed the smooth muscle of all the rings completely.

CONCLUSIONSThe results of this experiment suggest that the contractile and relaxant functions and tissue structures of pulmonic arteries and bronchi are not damaged after warm ischemia for 1 hour, and support the further study of non-heart-beating donor lung.

Animals ; Bronchi ; physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; physiology ; Lung Transplantation ; Pulmonary Artery ; physiology ; Swine ; Tissue Donors ; Vasodilation ; Warm Ischemia ; methods

OBJECTIVETo compare the cardiorespiratory factors and surgical conditions during total intravenous anesthesia for prolonged laparoscopic pelvic surgery with or without supplemental muscle relaxants.

METHODSForty female ASA I or II patients undergoing laparoscopic pelvic surgeries were randomized into two groups A and B, both with standardized anesthesia via a intravenous bolus injection of rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg). The patients in group B received continuous rocuronium infusion upon observation of one TOF twitch response with the T1 value maintained within 0-10% and rocuronium withdrawal at 20 to 30 min before the completion of the surgery. The patients in group A received no supplemental muscle relaxants. The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured during the operation. The respiratory system compliance (Ceff rs) was calculated as the quotient of the tidal volume (VT) and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and the operative conditions were graded by the operating gynecologist.

RESULTSThe cardiorespiratory parameters significant increased and Ceff rs decreased after pneumoperitoneum, but no significant differences were found between the two groups. The surgical conditions were also comparable between the two groups, but the duration of intubation and the operating time were significantly shorter in the group A.

CONCLUSIONPneumoperitoneum severely affects the cardiorespiratory parameters during laparoscopy, which can not be lessened by neuromuscular block agents. A single intubating dose of rocuronium can suffice the requirement of prolonged gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.

Androstanols ; administration & dosage ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo study whether combined detection of the methylation status of vimentin, sFRP1, and HPP1 gene can increase the positive methylation rate in colorectal cancer.

METHODSTissue samples were collected from 90 patients with colorectal cancer, 60 patients with adenomatous polyp, and 20 healthy controls. DNA was extracted and the methylation status of vimentin, sFRP1, and HPP1 gene was detected by Methylation-specific PCR (MSP). The relationship between clinicopathologic features of colorectal cancer and gene methylation was analyzed.

RESULTSThe methylation rates of vimentin, sFRP1, and HPP1 were 66.7%, 68.9%, and 72.2% in colorectal cancer, 53.3%, 55.0%, and 50.0% in colorectal adenomas, and 0, 0, and 5.0% in healthy controls, respectively. The methylation of each of the three genes in colorectal cancer tissues was higher than colorectal adenomas and healthy controls(P<0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity by combining three methylation markers was 93.3% in colorectal cancer, 76.7% in colorectal adenomas, which was higher than the sensitivity using single gene testing(P<0.05). No significant associations existed between the methylation status of the three genes and clinical characteristics including sex, age, tumor location, lymph node metastases, distant metastasis, and TNM stage(P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDNA methylation levels of vimentin, sFRP1 and HPP1 are significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissue. Combined detection significantly improves the positive rate of methylation, and may be used as early diagnosis method for colorectal cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Vimentin ; genetics

Objective　To estimate the value of applying left heart bypass technique in esophageal carcinoma resection and gastroesophageal reconstruction. Methods　The operation was performed under lef t he art bypass. Results　Applying left heart bypass during esophagea l carcinoma resection and gastroesophageal reconstruction increased the probabil ity of the resection. The patient lived better and without operative complicatio n. Conclusion　In case of esophageal carcinoma with invasion of descending aorta by carcinoma, left heart bypass may increase the probability of the resection and enhance the safety of surgical treatment.

Objective To observe the incidence and clinical characteristics of chronic Keshan disease in recent years, and to provide evidence for diagnosis of the disease. Methods From March to August 2009, 163 patients with chronic Keshan disease were chosen from Shandong, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia and Cansu. Of these patients, 62 cases were from Shandong, 34 cases from Sichuan, 37 cases from Inner Mongolia, and 30 cases from Gansu. All of the subjects underwent detailed natural history of the disease, careful physical examination and electrocardiogram (ECG), X-ray chest radiography and cardiac ultrasound examination. The incidence and clinical features were analyzed. Results Adults accounted for 98.8%(161/163) and children for 1.2%(2/163) in 163 cases of chronic Keshan disease, with an average age of 45.8 years. Slow onset accounted for 62.6%(102/163), other types that evolved into chronic-type accounted for 37.4%(61/163). Low blood pressure( 116.5/72.4 mmHg),often with cardiac function grade Ⅱ accounted for 65.6%(107/163). Common symptoms were: palpitation[86.5%(141/163)], asthma [76.7% (125/163)], fatigue[76.1%(124/163)], precordial discomfort [54.6% (89/163)], dizziness[50.3%(82/163)], edema of lower limbs[44.8%(73/163)], and anorexia[38.0%(62/163)]. Common signs were: low-weak first heart sound[66.9%(109/163)], heart enlargement[64.4%(105/163)], apical pulse dispersion[42.3%(69/163)], arrhythmia[40.5%(66/163)], hepatomegalia[39.3%(64/163)], systolic murmur [25.2%(41/163)], and edema[20.9%(34/163)]. Abnormal ECG detection rate was 93.9%(153/163), with common types followed by ST-T changes[ST-T changes, ST segment changes, Tchange, 36.2%(59/163)], ventricular premature [occasional and frequent ventricular premature, 26.4% (43/163)], complete right bundle branch block [25.8% (42/163)], atrial fibrillation[19.0%(31/163)], and atrioventricular conduction block[8.6%( 14/163)]. X-ray results showed that significant and moderate heart enlargement were common, accounting for 73.4%( 105/143), followed by mild enlargement of 25.2%(36/143). Color doppler ultrasound examination results showed that the atrio-ventricular cavity diameter increased, followed by left ventricular end-systolic diameter increased[81.3%(52/64)], left ventricular end-diastolic diameter increased[65.6%(42/64)], left atrial enlargement[51.6%(33/64)], right atrial enlargement [43.8%(28/64)], and right ventricular enlargement[32.8%(21/64)]. Left ventricular wall and interventricular septum thinning accounted for 15.6%( 10/64) and 7.8%(5/64), respectively. Conclusions In recent years, most cases of chronic Keshan disease occur as natural chronic type, and at older age at onset with low blood pressure.Main clinical features of the disease are cardiac enlargement, inadequate tissue perfusion, and venous stasis performance caused by cardiac decompensation. Correct diagnosis of chronic Keshan disease can be made based on these clinical features.

OBJECTIVETo isolate the bioflocculant-producing bacteria from activated sludge and investigate the flocculating characteristics of the newly isolated bioflocculant.

METHODSBacteria were screened from activated sludge samples to isolate bioflocculant-producing bacteria. Flocculating activity was used as a measure of the flocculating capability of the bioflocculant.

RESULTSA novel bioflocculant-producing bacterium was isolated, which was identified to belong to genus Aeromonas and named as Aeromonas sp. N11. Flocculating activity increased in the presence of K+, Na+, or Ca2+. The highest flocculating activities for kaolin suspension were obtained in acidic pH ranges, and optimum pHs for it were 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 with 1 mmol/L K+, Ca+, and Na+ present, respectively. The highest flocculating activities for soil suspension were observed at pH 8.0. The bioflocculant had a good flocculating activity and could achieve a flocculating activity of 92.4% for kaolin suspension at a dosage of only 1 mgxL(-1), and its activity in kaolin suspension was decreased by only 9.2% after heating at 100 degrees C for 60 min.

CONCLUSIONThe bioflocculant produced by Aeromonas sp. N11 has strong flocculating activity and high stability, which affords high possibility of its practical use.

Aeromonas ; metabolism ; Culture Media ; Flocculation ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kaolin

Objective To investigate the influences of culture conditions on the in vitro induction and maturation of dendritic cells by using different combinations of cytokines. -ethods Mouse bone mar-row cells were isolated and cultured in media containing varying combinations of cytokines, including granu-locyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L). After cultured at 37℃ for seven days, the attached bone marrow cells were collected and stained by fluorescence-labeled monoclonal antibodies (McAb) against CD11c, MHCⅡ and CD86 for flow cytometry analysis. In the parallel group, LPS was added on day 5 to a final concentration of 1μg/ml for DC maturation analysis by flow cytometry. Results In group Flt3L (20 ng/ml)/GM-CSF (20 ng/ml)/IL-4 (10 ng/ml), 90％ of bone marrow cells were CD11c-positive. Flt3L (100 ng/ml) could induce 88％ of bone marrow cells to express CD11c. Bone marrow cells positive for MHCⅡ accounted for 35. 4％ and 36. 1％ in group Flt3L/GM-CSF/IL-4 and group Flt3L/GM-CSF, where both Flt3L and GM-CSF were used at a concentration of 20 ng/ml. After LPS stimulation, the positive rates of MHCⅡ in group Flt3L/GM-CSF/IL-4 and group Flt3L/GM-CSF were 58. 1％ and 59. 6％, which increased by 22. 7％ and 23. 5％, re-spectively. The percentages of CD86-positive bone marrow cells were 7. 1％ and 5. 5％ in group Flt3L/GM-CSF/IL-4 and group Flt3L/GM-CSF. Bone marrow cells positive for CD86 grew by 7. 1％ and 6. 2％ in group Flt3L (20 ng/ml) and group GM-CSF/IL-4 after LPS stimulation. Conclusions Flt3L and GM-CSF probably dominated the differentiation and maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with a synergis-tic effect. Combined usage of Flt3L and GM-CSF at the concentration of 20 ng/ml would be an optimal proto-col for DC research.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlations of serum interleukin-18 (IL-18) level and IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms to the development of sepsis in children.

METHODUsing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the authors tested the serum IL-18 level in 90 patients with sepsis and 123 normal controls, and their single nucleotide polymorphisms of the promoter region of IL-18 gene at position -607C/A and -137G/C were detected using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers method and sequencing technique.

RESULT(1) The serum IL-18 level in sepsis groups was (196.56 +/- 157.32) pg/ml that was significantly higher than (66.16 +/- 41.63) pg/ml in normal controls (P < 0.01), the more severe the degree of sepsis was, the more significantly higher the serum IL-18 level was. The serum IL-18 level in non serious sepsis group was (152.87 +/- 114.96) pg/ml that was significantly higher than (66.16 +/- 41.63) pg/ml in normal controls, the serum IL-18 level in serious sepsis group was (191.98 +/- 169.72) pg/ml that was significantly higher than that in non serious sepsis group, and the serum IL-18 level in extremely serious sepsis patients was (323.89 +/- 159.35) pg/ml, the difference was highly significant (P = 0.000). The difference was significant among the groups with different severity of sepsis (P < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between PCIS (pediatric critical illness score) of sepsis and the serum IL-18 level (P < 0.01). (2) There were polymorphisms in IL-18 gene promoter of matched healthy children and sepsis in children. The GG genotype frequency (61.8%) of IL-18-137G/C in healthy children was the highest, followed by GC genotype (35.8%) and CC genotype (2.4%) in sequence. The G allele frequency (79.7%) was higher in IL-18-137G/C of healthy children than C allele (20.3%). The GG genotype frequency (71.1%) of IL-18-137G/C in septic children was the highest, the next were GC genotype (26.7%) and CC genotype (2.2%). The G allele frequency (84.4%) was higher in IL-18-137G/C of septic children than C allele (15.6%). The CA genotype frequency (61.0%) of IL-18-607C/A in healthy children was the highest, followed by CC genotype (26.8%) and AA genotype (12.2%). The C allele frequency (57.3%) was higher in IL-18-607C/A of healthy children than A allele (42.7%). The CA genotype frequency (76.7%) of IL-18-607C/A in septic children was the highest, followed by CC genotype (21.1%) and AA genotype (2.2%) in sequence. The C allele frequency (59.4%) was higher in IL-18-607C/A of septic children than A allele (40.6%). (3) The genotype frequency of IL-18-607 CA was 76.7% in sepsis groups that was significantly higher than 61.0% in normal controls, and the genotype frequency of -607 AA was 2.2% in sepsis groups that was significantly lower than 12.2% in normal controls, the difference was significant (P < 0.05). (4) In the order of -137CC, -137GC, -137GG, the serum IL-18 level in normal controls were as follows: (45.67 +/- 28.36) pg/ml, (53.27 +/- 37.91) pg/ml, (76.91 +/- 42.44) pg/ml, and with (140.50 +/- 60.10) pg/ml, (184.42 +/- 157.33) pg/ml, (237.02 +/- 161.76) pg/ml respectively in sepsis groups. In the order of -607AA, -607CA, -607CC, the serum IL-18 level in normal controls were: (48.80 +/- 32.11) pg/ml, (68.41 +/- 42.53) pg/ml, (70.17 +/- 43.87) pg/ml; and with (141.50 +/- 64.35) pg/ml, (151.21 +/- 121.19) pg/ml, (211.16 +/- 163.64) pg/ml respectively in sepsis groups. The difference was not significant among different groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe serum IL-18 level in sepsis groups was significantly higher than that in normal controls, which was related to the severity of sepsis. It was possible that the genotype of -607CA carriers was susceptible to sepsis, which mean that the genotype of -607CA might be susceptible genotype of sepsis. However, the genotype of -607AA might play an oppose role in the risk of sepsis.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Interleukin-18 ; blood ; genetics ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Sepsis ; blood ; genetics