To train the innovation ability of postgraduates is a major goal in postgradu-ates'education. With the practical experience in train master's degree in medical imaging and nuclear medical,we think that developing basic and clinical research in molecular imaging field,can increase the quality and innovation ability of the postgraduates.

Sixteen compounds including daphnoretin (1), isofraxidin (2), scopoletin (3), kaempferol (4), quercetin (5), guaijaverin (6), astragalin (7), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), naringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), 5-O-methylapi- genin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), methyl gallate (11), prionitiside A (12), (2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl-1,6,8-trihydroxy-3- methyl-9,10- dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylate (13), 3,3'-di-O-methyl ellagic acid (14), 3'-O-methyl-3,4-O,O-metheneellagic acid-4'-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (15) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-3'-O-methylellagic acid (16), were isolated from the 70% acetone extract of Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. Among them, compounds 1-3, 6-9, 11, and 14 were isolated from E. dracunculoides for the first time, and compounds 10, 12, 13, 15, and 16 were firstly obtained from the genus Euphorbia. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To determine the optimal procedure for preparation of the SPIO nanoparticles modified by dextran polylysine,and to evaluate the quality of this product.Methods The optimal preparation procedure of four factors (solution pH value,dextran concentration,reaction temperature and stirring rate) affecting SPIO hydrodynamic size were obtained through orthogonal experiments (3 levels).SPIO nanoparticles were synthesized under an optimum procedure.The shape and hydrodynamic size were detected by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Malvern Zetasizer respectively.The content of Fe was detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometer,while chemical structures of SPIO nanoparticles were characterized and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (IR) method.X-ray powder diffraction method was used to identify the ingredients,and the magnetic parameters were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer.Furthermore,experiments with ovarian cancer cells were performed to primarily validate the magnetic property of SPIO nanoparticles.Results The results of the orthogonal experiments showed that the optimum preparation procedure was as follows:dextran concentration of 10 mg/ml,pH 10,reaction temperature of 80 ℃ and stirring rate of 600 r/min.The TEM results showed the SPIO nanoparticles were in spherical shape,homogeneously distributed and uniform in size,and the mean diameter was 7.0 nm.The content of Fe was (12.36±0.08) g/L.The IR results clearly showed that the Fe3O4 was coated by dextran successfully.The Xray powder diffraction method showed that the sample contained Fe3O4 and the magnetism parameters indicated that the sample had superparamagnetism.The experiments with ovarian cancer cells demonstrated that SPIO nanoparticles could enter into the cells and then the cells had certain magnetic properties.Conclusions The SPIO nanoparticles synthesized under the optimal procedure are stable,small in size,with good dispersion and are feasible to enter into cells for rendering certain magnetic properties.This study has provided a good foundation and potential for further research.

OBJECTIVETo compare the unconsciousness prediction probability (Pk) estimated by approximate entropy (ApEn) and bispectral index (BIS) during the sedation produced by target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol.

METHODSTwenty patients (ASA class I-II) scheduled for elective lower limb operations under epidural anesthesia were studied. TCI of propofol was initiated at target plasma concentration of 0.5 microg/ml, and increased by 0.3 to 0.5 microg/ml until loss of consciousness, and then decreased until consciousness recovery. Each target plasma concentration of propofol lasted for 12 min. ApEn and BIS were recorded simultaneously during the periods of consciousness and unconsciousness every 3 min. The Pk of unconsciousness with ApEn and BIS were calculated and compared.

RESULTSApEn was 0.84+/-0.05 in the state of consciousness and 0.71+/-0.06 upon loss of consciousness, and BIS in the corresponding stages were 80.2+/-6.2 and 67.3+/-7.9, respectively. The Pk of unconsciousness between ApEn (Pk=0.97+/-0.06) and BIS (Pk=0.91+/-0.11) did not significantly differ (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONApEn as well as BIS is acceptable for predicting consciousness and unconsciousness produced by TCI propofol.

Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; methods ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Conscious Sedation ; methods ; Consciousness ; drug effects ; Electroencephalography ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Propofol ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

A simple and cost-effective indirect competitive enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was developed to rapidly screen the content of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in lotus seeds, and the results were confirmed by ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry( UFLC-MS/MS). Matrix-matched calibration expressed a good linearity ranging from 0. 171 to 7. 25 µg · L(-1) for AFB, with R2 > 0.978. The medium inhibitory concentration( IC50 ) for AFB1 was 1.29 µg · L(-1), the recovery for AFB1 was 74.73% to 126.9% with RSD < 5%, and the limit of detection (IC10) was 0.128 µg · L(-1). The developed ic-ELSIA method was applied to rapid analysis of AFB, in 20 lotus seeds samples and the results indicated that the contents of AFB, in samples 1-15 were in the range of 1. 19- 115. 3 µg · kg(-1) and in 40% of the samples exceeded the legal limit(5 µg · kg(-1)), while the contamination rate of AFB, in samples 16-20 was 40%. Pearson correlation coefficient(r) reached 0.997 for AFB1 content in the samples detected by ic-ELSIA and UFLC-MS/MS methods. The results proved that the developed ic-ELISA method is simple, sensitive and reliable, and can be used for rapid and high-throughput screening of AFB1 in lotus seeds
Aflatoxin B1 ; analysis ; Drug Contamination ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Loteae ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo prepare the superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) probe and evaluate the application of this probe in cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODSWe prepared the SPIO-labeled ASODN probe using chemical cross linking method to conjugate SPIO to ASODN, detected its configuration by atomic force microscopy, determined the conjugating rate and biology activation by high performance liquid chromatography, and detected the stability by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After that, we transfected the SK-Br3 oncocytes which had over-expression of the c-erbB2 oncogene by this probes, observed the intracellular iron distribution by optical microscope, measured iron content by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and observed the signal change by MRI.

RESULTSAtomic force microscope showed that the SPIO-labeled ASODN probe was mostly spherical and well-distributed, with a diameter of 25-40 nm and a conjugating rate of 100%. This probe had inhered biological activity and stability. In addition, light microscopy revealed an intracellular uptake of iron oxides in the transfected SK-Br3 oncocyte, and the iron content of the group of transfected SK-Br3 oncocytes was significantly higher than those of other contrast groups (all P < 0.01). MRI showed that transfected SK-Br3 oncocyte had the lowest signal among all other cells (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSWe prepared the SPIO-labeled ASODN probe successfully. It can effectively transfect SK-Br3 oncocyte and enter SK-Br3 oncocyte, and thus reduce the signal intension in MRI.

Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Antisense ; chemistry ; genetics ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetics ; Molecular Probe Techniques ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; chemistry ; genetics ; Oxyphil Cells ; chemistry ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; analysis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the prophylactic effect of acupuncture Neiguan (PC 6) on nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic operation.

METHODSOne hundred patients with laparoscopic gastrointestinal operation were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a control group, 50 patients in each group. The operation was carried out with the combined infusion and inhalation anesthesia. The patients in the acupuncture group were being punctured at bilateral Neiguan (PC 6) before anesthesia and during the operation. The needles were extracted after operation, and the acupoints were covered with opaque tape. In contrast, the patients in the control group only accepted tape covering without acupuncture. After operation, all patients were given the self-controlled intravenous analgesia, and followed up at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h for recording the incidence rate of the nausea, retching and vomiting, then scoring with VAS.

RESULTSAt 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h after operation, in the acupuncture group, the incidence rates of the nausea were 12.0%, 6.0%, 6.0% and 2.0%, and the incidence rates of the retching were 0, 0, 2.0% and 2.0%, respectively; in the control group, the incidence rates of the nausea were 28.0%, 20.0%, 12.0% and 2.0%, and the incidence rates of the retching were 2.0%, 6.0%, 2.0% and 0, respectively. At 6 h, 12 h after operation, the incidence rates of the nausea and retching in the acupuncture group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). The vomiting was not happened in both groups. There was no difference between the two groups according to the scoring with VAS.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncturing at Neiguan (PC 6) can reduce the incidence rates of the patients' nausea and retching after laparoscopic operation, especially in 24 h.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Analgesics ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Postoperative Complications ; therapy ; Vomiting ; prevention & control ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and significance of structural proteins, VEGF and Ang-1 in cavernous venous malformations of the body surface.

METHODSTissue samples came from 25 cases of cavernous venous malformations, 12 cases of normal moderate veins and 12 cases of normal small veins. Envision immunohistochemical stain was used to investigate the expression of IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin, VEGF and Ang-1. The results were analyzed semi-quantitatively.

RESULTSThe distribution of structural proteins in cavernous venous malformations is similar to moderate and small veins, but the expression in venous malformations is less obviously. VEGF expression in cavernous venous malformations and small veins is stronger obviously than moderate veins. Ang-1 expression in small veins is stronger remarkably than cavernous venous malformations and moderate veins.

CONCLUSIONThe abnormal expression of structural proteins may be an important factor in etiopathology and progress of cavernous venous malformations. There is disturbance of blood vessel remodelling in the sinusoid of cavernous venous malformations, with which the less expression of Ang-1 may be related.

Angiopoietin-1 ; metabolism ; Collagen Type IV ; metabolism ; Fibronectins ; analysis ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; metabolism ; Humans ; Laminin ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Veins ; abnormalities ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of EEG approximate entropy (ApEn) in rats during focal cerebral infarction.

METHODSTwenty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into infarction group (n=12) with middle cerebral artery occlusion and sham-operated group (n=12). The EEG data (ApEn) was recorded in the bilateral areas (C3, C4) of the rats with focal cerebral infarction before the infarction and immediately and at 5, 15, 30, and 60 min after the infarction. The same measurement was carried out in the sham-operated group.

RESULTSIn the sham-operated group, ApEn in C3 and C4 showed no obvious differences at the time points (P>0.05), but in the infarction group, ApEn in C3 and C4 increased significantly after the infarction. ApEn in the ischemic area (C4) was significantly lower than that in the non-ischemic area (C3) (P<0.05). The bilateral ApEn decreased with the passage of time. ApEn in the ischemic area (C4) was significantly lowered at 30 min after the infarction in comparison with that before infarction (P<0.05). In the sham-operated group, ApEn showed no significant difference between C3 and C4. ApEn was comparable between the two groups before the operation.

CONCLUSIONApEn can help monitor the occurrence of focal cerebral infarction of rats, and may be used to assess the extent of cerebral ischemia after infarction.

Animals ; Cerebral Infarction ; physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The present paper is aimed to detect superparamagnetic iron oxide labeled c-erbB2 oncogene antisense oligonucleotide probe (magnetic antisense probe) connected with SK-Br-3 oncocyte mRNA nucleotide by high resolution atomic force microscope (AFM). We transfected SK-Br-3 oncocyte with magnetic antisense probe, then observed the cells by AFM with high resolution and detected protein expression and magnetic resonance imagine (MRI). The high resolution AFM clearly showed the connection of the oligonucleotide remote end of magnetic antisense probe with the mRNA nucleotide of oncocyte. The expression of e-erbB2 protein in SK-Br3 cells were highly inhibited by using magnetic antisense probe. We then obtained the lowest signal to noise ratio (SNR) of SK-Br-3 oncocyte transfected with magnetic antisense probe by MRI (P<0.05). These experiments demonstrated that the high resolution AFM could be used to show the binding of magnetic antisense probe and SK-Br-3 mRNA of tumor cell nuclear.
Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Antisense ; chemistry ; genetics ; Female ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; Genes, erbB-2 ; genetics ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; methods ; Molecular Probe Techniques ; Nucleic Acid Probes ; chemistry ; genetics ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; chemistry ; genetics ; Oxyphil Cells ; ultrastructure ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism