Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; blood ; Pentobarbital ; blood ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; blood ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Ethanol ; blood ; Humans ; Methanol ; blood

In this paper, five different methods were carried out for DNA extraction directly from soil. The result shows that all five methods could generate DNA with more than 15 kb in size. They were subsequently used as templates for PCR amplification with success, using primers of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and Shiva-1 gene encoding an antibacterial peptide. However, method 5 is more suitable for DNA extraction directly from a small amount of soil sample as it produced a good yield of DNA in high integrity with reliable reproducibility.

Background:As a new concept of treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),local electrical stimulation on lower esophageal sphincter(LES)is still in a preliminary stage. Aims:To explore the ideal local electrical stimulation parameters for LES contraction and the local neural reflex path that inhibits LES contraction. Methods: Anti-gastroesophageal reflux model with electrical stimulation in vivo was established. The changes of gastroesophageal reflux were observed to explore the ideal electrical stimulation parameters for LES contraction. Effects of different drugs on gastroesophageal reflux in condition with ideal electrical stimulation parameters were observed. Results:When frequency was 10 Hz and pulse was 0. 4 ms,gastroesophageal reflux in voltage 10 V or 15 V groups was significantly decreased(P <0. 001). When voltage was 10 V and pulse was 0. 4 ms,gastroesophageal reflux in frequency 10 Hz group was significantly decreased(P < 0. 001). When voltage was 10 V and frequency was 10 Hz,gastroesophageal reflux in pulse 0. 4 ms group was significantly decreased(P < 0. 001). Local infiltration of tubocurarine or capsaicin on LES could significantly increase gastroesophageal reflux(P < 0. 05). The administration of NK1 receptor blocker L-732,138 or NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME could significantly decrease gastroesophageal reflux(P < 0. 05). Conclusions:In view of the injury of electrical energy on tissue,the ideal electrical stimulation parameters are voltage of 10 V,frequency of 10 Hz and pulse of 0. 4 ms. Local neural reflex path consisted of primary TRPV-1-positive tachykininergic neurons and nitrergic neurons in the muscle layer of esophagus could inhibit LES contraction evoked by electrical stimulation.

Altitude ; Animals ; Arvicolinae ; Gene Expression ; Hypoxia ; Rats ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics

Objective:To investigate the underlying mechanism of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor FK228-in- duced apoptosis of the prostate cancer cell line DU145.Methods:The inhibitory effect of FK228 on DU145 cell growth and its cytotoxicity were determined by MTT assay;cell cycle arrest was detected by flow cytometry assay;morphological change was observed by Giemsa staining;and defined kinase protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis.Re- suits:FK228 obviously inhibited DU145 cells growth,arrested cell cycle at G_0/G_1 phase,induced cells morphological changes and degraded several kinase proteins,including EGFR,Her2,Raf-1,Src,Cdk4 and IAP member Survivin.The degradation of these kinases blocked Raf-Mek-Erk and PI3K/Akt survival signal pathways,inducing apoptosis.Condu- sion:FK228 may induce DU145 cell apoptosis through depletion of multiple kinase proteins and blockade of survival sig- nal pathways of DU145 cells.

Objective To discuss the curative effect of transplantation using donation after cardiac death (DCD) according with Chinese standard Ⅲ (C-Ⅲ).Methods The organs were obtained from 4 DCDs from 2011 to 2012,and the clinical data of DCD transplantation were retrospectively analyzed.Withdrawal of life support occurred in the operating room.Donor warm ischemia time was 7-15 min.Results The biopsy of liver was performed on the 3rd DCD.Eight cases were subjected to renal transplantations,and 3 to liver transplantations.One patient exhibited delayed graft function of the kidney from the 4th DCD.All patients made an uneventful recovery and were discharged from the hospital without rejection or surgical complication.They were followed up in outpatient department.Conclusion The use of DCD according with C-Ⅲ is an effective way to increase the number of organs available for transplantation,and can obtain satisfactory effects.

OBJECTIVETo find out clinical characteristics and natural history of post transfusion HCV infection.

METHODS83 subjects who have received the blood from a same blood donor from January 1998 to July 2002 were investigated by the method combining cross-sectional study with retrospective study. HCV-antibody, HCV RNA, liver function, abdomen B-ultrasound and Fibroscan were detected.

RESULTSThe HCV-antibody were all positive. The HCV RNA of 56 out of the 83 cases were positive. The chronicity rates of hepatis C were 76.3% (29/38) in male patients and 60.00% (27/45) in female patients respectively, without significant difference (X² = 2.99, P = 0.11). The average age of the HCV RNA positive patients was (36.54 ± 14.37) years old. The average age of the HCV RNA negative patients was (27.43 ± 12.51) years old. A significant difference (T = -2.41, P = 0.018) existed between. The HCV genotype was type1b. Among the HCV RNA positive patients,10 cases were with mild asthenia, anorexia and abdominal distention, 9 cases with increased serum ALT, 12 cases.with chronic hepatitis and 1 case was diagnosed with decompensated liver cirrhosis.

CONCLUSIONThe clinical manifestations of HCV infection are occult and chronic. The chronicity rate is related to gender and the age when infection was caught.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Blood Donors ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C ; etiology ; transmission ; virology ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; etiology ; transmission ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; Transfusion Reaction ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on the activity of nuclear factor (NF)-?B in rats with myocardial infarction.Methods MSC were isolated from SD rats (120—150 g in weight).SD rats (180—200 g in weight) were subjected to MI by left coronary artery occlusion,and were allo- cated into three groups randomly:1)sham group (without ligation of the artery,n=8);2)injection of PBS solu- tion (n=8);3)injection of MSC (n=8).MSC or PBS solution was injected into myocardium from epicardium instantly after MI models were established.Four weeks after transplantation,cardiac function was evaluated u- sing physiological recorder.Western blot were performed to investigate the nuclear factor-? activity.The ex- pressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-? and interleukin (IL)-6 were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results 1)Mortality was 20%(2/10) in sham group,33.3%(4/12) in PBS group and 20%(2/10) in MSC group with no statistic differences between them(P=0.646).2) Hemodynamic measurements showed that MSC trans- plantation caused significant improvement in cardiac function,comparing with MI+PBS group.3) MSC inhibi- ted the activities of NF-?B in myocardium and down-regulated the expression of TNF-? and IL-6 in mRNA and protein level.Conclusion Transplantation of MSC improved cardiac function in MI rats,which may partly at- tribute to their immuno-inflammatory regulation mechanism.

OBJECTIVETo study the surgical treatment of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury caused by thyroid operation.

METHODSFrom 1970 to 2001, 50 patients with RLN injury were caused by thyroid operation. The causes, location, type, operative procedures and follow-up were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSUnilateral RLN injury occurred in 46 cases and bilateral nerve injury in 4 cases. The RLN injuries were located within 2cm below the point of RLN entering to throat in 45 nerves (83.3%), other places in 6 nerves (11.3%), and unknown location in 3 nerves (5.4%). Transection of the nerve was found in 19 nerves (36.5%), suture or scare pressing the nerve in 35 nerves (64.8%). All the injured nerves were repaired surgically. Meanwhile all 4 patients with bilateral RLN injuries underwent tracheotomy. Of the 50 cases, 44 cases (88.0%) were followed up for more than 1.5 years. Among the 44 followed-up patients, phonation was restored to normal or obvious improvement in 42 cases (95.5%), and improvement in 2 (4.5%). Of the 35 patients with 39 nerves underwent indirect or direct laryngoscopy, the affected vocal cord movement entirely recovered in 21 cords (53.8%), partially recovered in 7 cords (17.9%), uncovered in 11 cords (28.3%). There was no relation between the recovery of phonation or vocal cord movement with the timing or the procedure of repairing operation.

CONCLUSIONSThe location of most RLN injuries caused by thyroid surgery are just below the point of RLN entering to throat, and most are mechanical injury, and need operation to resolve the cause. Once the RLN injury is made, an operation should be performed as early as possible.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroidectomy ; adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Vocal Cord Paralysis ; etiology ; surgery