Objective: To investigate effect of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus powder in D-galactose-induced aging model mice. Methods: Seventy-two Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Naokangling group (0.810 g/kg), and low-, mid-, and high-dose (3.00, 1.50, 0.75 g/kg) Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus powder groups. Aging mice model was established by sc injection of D-galactose 1.25 g/kg at neck back once daily for 40 d. Naokangling and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus powder were orally administrated on day 11 for 30 d. Then the learning and memory ability was assessed by step-through test on day 39. Two hours after the last administration, the contents of malonaldehyde (MDA) in brain homogenate, liver homogenate, and plasma and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) in whole blood were detected; The morphological changes of brain, liver, thymus, and spleen in each group of mice were observed by light microscope. Results: Compared with model groups, the Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus powder groups can improve the incubation period and reduce the number of times of light and dark shuttle of model mice; The Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus powder groups can reduce the level of MDA in plasma, brain, and liver homogenate, and increase the levels of CAT, SOD, and GSH in the whole blood in different degrees; It also can elevate the index of spleen, thymus, and brain, and decrease the indexes of liver in different degrees. Conclusion: Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus powder can significantly improve the biochemical indexes and pathological status of aging model mice.

Objective: To investigate the pharmacological effects and mechanism of Leonuri Herba alkaloids (LHA) on prostate hyperplasia in older rats. Methods: The prostate hyperplasia model in older rats was induced by male and female hormone, the rats were divided into five groups: 50.0, 25.0, 12.5 mg/kg alkaloids dosage group, 30 mg/kg Longbishu Capsule suspension group, and model group given the same volume of saline. Otherwise aged rats and young rats were set as control groups administered with saline, and administered once daily for consecutive 30 d. The wet weight and prostate index in rat prostate were measured, and the expression of E2, DHT, T, bFGF, TGF-β1, EGF, and IGF-1 in serum and prostate tissue were detected after the experiment. The rat prostate tissue morphology changes and rat prostate cells ultrastructural changes were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Compared with the model group, benign prostatic hyperplasia rat model was replicated successfully, low-dose LHA can significantly reduce the rat prostate wet weight and prostate index (P < 0.05), mid-dose LHA can significantly reduce the rat prostate index (P < 0.05). Each dose of LHA can significantly reduce the levels of T and DHT in prostate model rats (P < 0.01). Each dose of LHA can significantly reduce the expression of bFGF, EGF, and IGF-1 in prostate model rats (P < 0.01). Low-dose LHA can significantly increase the expression of TGF-β1 in prostate tissue. Each dose of LHA can significantly reduce the density of prostate model rats (P < 0.05, 0.01), and significantly increase the membrane surface and surface area values (P < 0.01). Each dose of LHA can significantly reduce intracytoplasmic mitochondria in prostate cells caused by model, and relieve the pathological changes of mitochondria cristae. Conclusion: LHA has good therapeutic effect to prostatic hyperplasia model rats induced by male and female hormone.

AIMTo investigate the effects of bradykinin on voltage-dependent sodium channel currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG).

METHODSWhole-cell patch clamp technique was used to determine sodium channel current.

RESULTSBradykinin at 0.01 - 10.0 micromol/L dose dependently increased the frequency of repetitive firing of DRG. Bradykinin at 0.01 - 10.0 micromol/L dose dependently enhanced the TTX-R sodium current, and had no effect on TTX-S sodium current.

CONCLUSIONMechanism underlying the inflammation induced by bradykinin is related to the TTX-R sodium channel.

Action Potentials ; drug effects ; Animals ; Bradykinin ; pharmacology ; Ganglia, Spinal ; drug effects ; physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; drug effects ; Neurons ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Channels ; drug effects ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo discuss the mechanism of mice acute hepatic injury caused by tripterygium glycosides tablets with different dose at different time.

METHODMice were given Tripterygium Glycosides respectively with the dosage of 10 times, 20 times, 30 times of clinical dose to observe the change of mice acute hepatic injury with different does; then, the acute hepatic injury mice were duplicated with 20 times clinical dosage and mice serum ALT were detected at 9, 18, 27, 36 h to observe the change of mice acute hepatic injury at different time. The activity of SOD, GSH-Px in serum and the level of LPO in liver homogenate wevedetected to discuss the mechanism of mice acute hepatic injury caused by Tripterygium Glycosides tablets; and liver tissue pathology was observed.

RESULTThe acute hepatic injury was obvious with 20 times adult dosage in 18 hours and the acute hepatic injury mice death rate was low.

CONCLUSIONTripterygium Glycosides tablets can cause acute hepatic injury to mice and its mechanism is related to Lipid peroxidation reaction.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; blood ; Glycosides ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Lipid Peroxides ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Time Factors ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

The external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is the earliest known treatment method for diseases. It originated in pre-Qin dynasty, grew up in Han and Tang dynasties, innovated in Song and Yuan dynasties, and developed in Ming and Qing dynasties. It has made outstanding contributions to the human health.With the rapid rise of modern drug-derived diseases, the external treatment of drugs has attracted wide attention at home and abroad due to its small adverse reactions, convenient application and accurate curative effect. With the increasing of TCM for external use drugs, dosage form, method, the clinical application of TCM has been expanding unceasingly, it has been widely applied to the pediatric, gynecological, internal medicine, oncology, however, there has not many specifications for amount, usage, time, and course of treatment, which are more arbitrary. Topical use of TCM can play a direct role in the treatment of local lesions. The external use of TCM is mainly explained by "the principle of external treatment is the principle of internal treatment", and the internal use function can only be explained from the theoretical part of TCM on its external treatment characteristics, and most can not well guide the corresponding clinical application of TCM. There are few reports on the mechanism of external use of TCM, and most of them are from theory to theory, lacking the confirmation and support of modern studies. There are also related reports on transdermal absorption of scattered TCM for external use. However, most of the external use of TCM are crude preparations such as pulverising, decocting in water and alcohol extraction, and its more random which the dose, dosage type, course of treatment, external use methods, coupled with its complex ingredients and low content, it is difficult to explain the mechanism of external use simply from transdermal absorption, nor does it meet the facts of clinical application of TCM. The mechanism of external use is not clear, and restricted the development of TCM for external use. This article through the extensive experimental research, literature research and database research, and proposed that TCM for external use through adjustment of neural-endocrine-immune network disorders, through local micro effect, micro stimulation, micro absorption, that's the "three fine tuning balances", and exert external use curative effect, so as to achieve the purpose of treating diseases.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Phragmites communis polysaccharide on aging mice induced by injections of D-gulactose.

METHODAging mice were used as experimental objective.

RESULTPhragmizes communis polysaccharide could obviously increase the activity of CAT, SOD, GSH-PX in blood, lower the levels of LPO in plasma and the thick liquid made of grinding the tissues of brain and liver, and markedly resist the atrophy of the thymus, spleen and brain tissues of aging mice.

CONCLUSIONPhragmites communis polysaccharide has good anti-aging actions.

Aging ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Animals ; Catalase ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; blood ; Lipid Peroxides ; blood ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Poaceae ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

OBJECTIVETo discuss the effect of Zea mays L. saponin (ZMLS) on ultrastructure of kidney and pancreas in the diabetes rats induced by streptozocin.

METHODThe diabetic rat model was established by injections of STZ, blood glucose, the ultrastructure of the kidney and pancreas were observed.

RESULTCompared with the model group, the large, middle-dose ZMLS groups and melbinum group could remarkably decrease the blood glucose (P < 0.01), the large, middle, small-dose ZMLS groups could remarkably prevent the pancreatic islet beta-cell from the injury induced by Streptozotocin. Melbinum and the large, middle-dose ZMLS groups could remarkably increase mitochondrial Vv, deltam and euchromatin Vv (P < 0.01), and significantly decrease the delta, Nucleus delta and heterochromatin Vv (P < 0.01). The small dose of ZMLS obviously increases mitochondrial Vv (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONZMLS showed good effect on decreasing blood glucose and protection action on the kidney and pancreas injury of induced by STZ.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Pancreas ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saponins ; administration & dosage ; Streptozocin ; Zea mays ; chemistry

Based on the characteristics of clinical symptoms of psoriasis in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and according to the coincidence between existing animal models and the characteristics of clinical symptoms of psoriasis in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, the evaluation criteria of psoriasis animal models are put forward, which can provide corresponding improvement ideas for psoriasis animal models. By listing the clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria of psoriasis in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, this paper assesses the existing animal models of psoriasis, which accords with 8.3% of the clinical diagnostic criteria of Western medicine, 15% of the main symptoms and 8% of the secondary symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine. The results showed that imiquimod-induced model was found to be the best animal model with high coincidence. The rate of modeling was faster and the cost was lower, but it was reversible with the prolongation of withdrawal time. Allogeneic transplantation model and genotype model have high coincidence with Western medicine, but low coincidence with traditional Chinese medicine symptoms. Because psoriasis is a chronic, non-infectious skin disease that is prone to recurrence, there are many factors leading to psoriasis.The existing models can not simulate the clinical symptoms well. We should use multi-factor modeling method to establish a pathological model reflecting the characteristics of clinical symptoms of psoriasis in traditional Chinese and Western medicine combined with the main external pathogenic factors of psoriasis. Therefore, it is the main task for the future research of psoriasis traditional Chinese medicine to establish animal models that reflect the clinical characteristics of psoriasis and Western medicine and improve the evaluation criteria of psoriasis combined with syndrome animal models.

Moxa smoke plays an indispensable role in traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of dispelling poison, exorcizing evil and avoiding filth, dispelling cold, etc. It has been used to prevent pestilence for thousands of years. This paper reviewed the clinical application, mechanism and existing shortcomings of moxa smoke for preventing epidemic diseases, and found that moxa smoke can effectively inhibit a variety of pathogenic bacteria, fungi and viruses that cause infectious and epidemic diseases, and has good pharmacological effects of sterilization, antiviral and immunity enhancement, and has achieved remarkable effect in disease prevention, health care and plague prevention. It is suggested that attention should be paid to the air quality of moxibustion clinics in the future, it is urgent to establish a unified sanitary air quality standard system to create a good clinic environment. At the same time, the research on the clinical safe concentration range of moxa smoke should be strengthened to effectively avoid the occurrence of adverse reactions, give full play to the efficacy of moxa smoke in eliminating pathogenic factors and preventing epidemic, so as to provide the basis for the rational application and promotion of moxa smoke.

Objective: To observe the effect of Sanshencao essential oil on the model of thromboangiitis obliterans in rats. Method: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups according to body weight:sham operation group, model group, Tongsaimai group (1.05 g·kg^-1), large and small-dose Sanshencao essential oil groups (0.125 mL·cm^-2, twice a day, 0.125 mL·cm^-2, once a day), with 10 in each group. The model of occlusive vasculitis was established by injecting sodium laurate solution (10 g·L^-1) into the left lower limb artery of rats. Sham operation group was injected with the same amount of normal saline at the same position. Large and small doses of Sanshencao essential oil were applied directly to the affected area, and the remaining groups were given corresponding drugs or pure water for 10 days. One hour after the last administration, the pathological changes were graded; the levels of thromboxane B₂(TXB₂), interleukin-1 (IL-1), 6-oxo-prostaglandinF1α (6-K-PGF_1α), endothelin (ET) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the femoral arteries in the left lower limbs. Result: Compared with sham operation group, the degree, extent, inflammation and thrombosis of the affected limbs in model group increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with model group, large and small-dose Sanshencao essential oil could significantly alleviate the extent, inflammation and thrombosis of the affected limbs (P<0.05, P<0.01), decrease the levels of TXB₂, ET and IL-1 in serum (P<0.05, P<0.01), and increase the level of 6-K-PGF_1α (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Sanshencao essential oil has a good therapeutic effect on thrombosis angiitis obliterans model in rats, which related to its anti-oxidation and alleviating inflammation of vascular wall.