Objective: To optimize the integrative technology of primary processing for Gastrodiae Rhizoma by response surface methodology. Methods: The single factor experiment combined with Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the integrative technology, with five major characteristic components (gastrodin, parishin A, parishin B, parishin C, and parishin E) as indexes, in order to detect three factors (steaming time, drying time, and drying temperature), and optimize the primary processing of Gastrodiae Rhizoma. Results: Optimum percolation process was as follows: Gastrodiae Rhizoma was steamed for 30 min, and dried for 12 h at 60℃. Conclusion: This optimized integrative technology of Gastrodiae Rhizoma is reasonable and feasible, and with high accuracy. It could provide the scientific basis and innovative idea to the large-scale production of decoction pieces of Chinese Materia Medica.

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of eight active components (gastrodin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, vanillyl alcohol, vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, parishin B, parishin C, and parishin A). Methods: The analysis was performed on an Agilent 1220 system with a Hypersil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The eight components were separated in 75 min with gradient mobile phase consisting of 0.5% CH3COOH-H2O (A) and 0.5% CH3COOH-CH3OH (B): 0-10 min, 98% A; 10-60 min, 98%-60% A; 60-75 min, 60% A. The temperature of column was 30 ℃, and the injection volume was 20 μL. The multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning was employed for the quantification with switching electrospray ion source polarity in negative mode. The ion spray voltage was set at -4500 V and the turbo spray temperature was maintained at 550 ℃. Results: The eight components had the good linearity (r ≥ 0.999 2) within the linear ranges. The average recovery rate was 94.51%-102.70% with RSD < 3.50%. The contents of the eight components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma varied according to the different habits. The contents of parishins A, B, and C were high while the contents of vanillyl alcohol and vanillin were low. Conclusion: The developed HPLC-MS method is simple, sensitive, and accurate, and has the good repeatability in separation, which is available for the quality control of Gastrodiae Rhizoma.

Natural orifice tranluminal endoscopic surgery,NOTES is a noval surgical method whose major ad vantage is the diminishing of surgieal scar,thus is benefical to a subgroup of special patients.The key issues related to the development of NOTES are the invention of instrument satisfing the clinical demand,the setting up of safe method of closing the transluminal acce88 and the training of doctors.

In this experiment, the HPLC specific chromatogram was adopted, with Agilent Extend-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) as the chromatographic column, and 0.5 per thousand trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase for gradient elution, so as to establish specific chromatograms for drug pair of Schizonepetae Herba and Saposhnikoviae Radix from different producing area, identify 12 common characteristic peaks, and obtain the comparison specific chromatography of drug pair of Schizonepetae Herba and Saposhnikoviae Radix. The method is simple, accurate and highly reproducible, and thus can be used as the basis for the quality control of the drug pair.
Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Regional anatomy of inguinal hernia is one of the teaching difficulties.The students always feel confused due to deficiency of visual and vivid teaching materials.The thesis analyzed the efficacy of using high-definition video of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) in the clinical teaching of inguinal region anatomy aiming to deepen the understanding,inspire the enthusiasm and initiative of students and improve the quality of teaching.

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of ketamine-propofol mixture anesthesia for 85 children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac catheterization.Methods Eighty-five children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac cathete-rization were randomly divided into ketamine group(K group,n=44)and ketamin-propofol group(KP group,n=41).K group:1 mg?kg-1 ketamine was injected intravenously and then infused at 50 ?g?kg-1?min-1 for anesthesia maintenance.KP group:anesthesia was induced with ketamine 1 mg?kg-1 and propofol 1 mg?kg-1 intravenously,and maintained by continuous infusion of ketamine(16.7 ?g?kg-1?min-1)and propofol(33.3 ?g?kg-1?min-1).Electrocardiogram,blood pressure,pluse,respiratory frequency,saturation of blood oxygen were continously monitored.Results Hemodynamic and respiratory function were stable in both 2 groups.Ketamine consumption in K group was significantly more than that in KP group[(52.1?2.8)?g?kg-1?min-1 vs(25.3?7.3)?g?kg-1?min-1],eye opening time and recovery time were also longer in K group than those in KP group [(50.2?16.5)min vs(40.4?18.3)min].Conclusion The ketamine-propofol mixture was a safe,efficacy anesthesia with excellent recovery in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Appendectomy involves several key concepts in the foundation course of operative surgery. So it is the best choice to test whether the students can be flexible in using and fully under-stand what they learned about the basic theories and skills of appendectomy. Changzheng Hospital applies Wechat-ald team-based learning and problem-based learning teaching in appendectomy-related courses by actively delivering messages with content of educational administration, basic knowledge, clinical images and videos to the micro-groups, achieving instantly efficient information dissemination and interactive communication. It breaks the shackles of traditional classroom in space and time, mo-bilizes students' enthusiasm for learning, enhances their communicational skills and sense of team-work and improves students' comprehensive analysis and practical ability, therefore achieving better teaching results.

Objective To compare the effects of fundus-first laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy in complicated cholecystolithiasis cases. Methods The effects of fundus-first laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 21) and laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (a = 18) in the 39 cases of complicated chole-cystolithiasis from our hospital within 2 years were analyzed retrospectively. Results The operation time in subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy group was shorter than in fundus-first laparoscopic cholecystectomy group (88.89±18.11) min vs. (109.52±21.79) min, P < 0.05). Less blood lose (82.78±44.96) ml and fluid replacement (847.22±169.32)ml during the operation were observed in the former group than those in the later group (116.67±53.23) ml and (964.29±147.60) ml, respectively, P < 0.05). However, the patients' postoperative recovery time and the duration of postoperative hospital staying were similar in the two groups(5.56±1.20) days vs. (5.29±1.38) days, P > 0.05). Conclusions Proper use of subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy in complicated cholecystolithiasis cases can simplify the operation and obligate the operation time, which will increase the safety of the operation with the outcome similar to fundus-first laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Salvianolate on myosin heavy chain (MHC) in cardiomyocytes of congestive heart failure (CHF) rats.

METHODSSixty male SD rats were divided into 6 groups according to random digit table, i.e., the normal control group (NCG), the model group, the Captopril group (CAG), the low dose Salvianolate group (LSG), the high dose Salvianolate group (HSG), the Captopril and high dose Salvianolate group (CSG), 10 in each group. CHF rat model was established with peritoneal injection of adriamycin in all rats except those in the NCG. Equal volume of normal saline was peritoneally injected to rats in the NCG, once per week for 6 successive weeks. Corresponding medication was started from the 5th week of injecting adriamycin. Rats in the CAG were administered with Captopril solution at the daily dose of 10 mg/kg by gastrogavage. Rats in the LSG and the HSG were administered with Salvianolate solution at the daily dose of 24.219 mg/kg and 48.438 mg/kg respectively by gastrogavage. Salvianolate was dissolved in 2 mL 5% glucose solution and administered by peritoneal injection. Rats in the CSG were peritoneally injected with high dose Salvianolate solution and administered with Captopril solution by gastrogavage. Two mL normal saline was peritoneally injected to rats in the model group, once per day for 8 successive weeks. Eight weeks later, the cardiac function and myocardial hypertrophy indices were detected by biological signal collecting and processing system. mRNA expression levels of alpha-MHC and beta-MHC in cardiac muscle were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Expressions of protein kinase C (PKC) in cardiac muscle were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, heart mass index (HMI) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) obviously increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, HMI and LVMI decreased in HSG, CAG, and CSG groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). It was more obviously lowered in the CSG group than in the CAG group (P < 0.05). Compared with the NCG, the mRNA expression level of alpha-MHC in cardiac muscle decreased, the mRNA expression level of p-MHC and the expression of PKC in cardiac muscle increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the mRNA expression level of alpha-MHC in cardiac muscle was increased, and the mRNA expression level of beta-MHC and the expression of PKC in cardiac muscle were decreased in HSG, CAG, and CSG groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was statistical difference between the CSG group and the CAG group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSalvianolate could up-regulate the mRNA expression level of alpha-MHC, and down-regulate the mRNA expression level of beta-MHC in cardiac muscle. Its mechanism might be related to decreasing the expression of PKC.

Animals ; Captopril ; Doxorubicin ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Heart Failure ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardium ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley