Objective To search a new,safe and effective method to obtain semen using rectal Drobe electroejaculation(RPE).Methods RPE procedures were performed in 8 men with psychological ejaculatory failure,used the electrical stimulate instrument(CGS model,made in Italy).The average age was 26 years.Seminal vesicle was normal by B Uhrasonography or CT examination.Except for 1 case of diabetes,the other 7 cases found no hormones,blood,biochemical and nervous system abnormalities.Three cases had nocturnal emission,but no sexual intercourse ejaculation.Results Adequate sperm was successfully taken out from the 8 patients.Mean seminal fluid volume was 2.3 ml,mean total sperm count was 67×106/ml and mean total motile sperm was 21.3%.Three patients felt abdominal distension during the RPE course.Conclusion RPE is a safe,reliable,non-in-vasive,repeatable method to obtain semen.

Objective To evaluate a modified technique for digestive tract reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).Methods 171 admitted patients were enrolled from January 2012 to January 2014 at our department.According to the preoperative CT scan and intraoperative exploration,pancreaticogastrostomy was performed in cases of soft pancreas texture,while pancreaticojejunostomy was performed in fibrotic pancreas after PD.Bypassed biliary-pancreatic reconstruction were applied on all cases.Results For the digestive tract reconstruction after PD,92 patients underwent pancreaticogastrostomy,79 patients underwent pancreaticojejunostomy.The median time for the surgery was 240.0 minutes (ranging from 186 to 414 min).Operative mortality was zero,and morbidity was 18.1％ (n =31),including hemorrhage (n =4),biliary fistula (n =3),pulmonary infection (n =2),adipose liquefaction and operative incision infection (n =0),delayed gastric emptying (DGE) (n =6),abdominal abscess (n =4).Fout patients developed a pancreatic fistula (type A in 2,type B in 2).Conclusions Modified pancreaticogastrostomy,pancreaticojejunostomy and biliary-pancreatic bypass is safe for digestive tract reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Objective To describe the distribution of body mass index (BMI) and evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among first to sixth graders in 8 Chinese provinces.Methods Data came from the baseline survey of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded project Study on Intervention Models for Main Chronic Diseases among children in China.A stratified random cluster sampling strategy was used to select study participants in 8 provinces,including Inner Mongolia,Jiangsu,Anhui,Shandong,Hunan,Guangxi,Gansu provinces,and Chongqing,with diverse geographical and economic level distributions in China.Counties in each province were stratified into three strata according to economic level,and one county was selected systematically from each stratum.In each county,one urban and one rural elementary school were randomly selected ; and in each school,2-3 classes were randomly selected from each of 1-6 grades.All students in these selected classes were invited for participation.Physical examination was performed by trained local CDC staff using standardized instruments to measure height and weight.Overweight and obesity were diagnosed based on the BMI classification standards for Chinese children and adolescents by Working Group for Obesity in China (WGOC).Results A total of 26558(14225 boy,12333 girl) students aged 6-12 years eventually participated in 8 provinces.The average age was 9.3 ±1.8 years old.Mean BMI among boys (17.0 kg/m2) was higher than that among girls (16.4 kg/m2,t =19.60,P＜0.01).There were statistically significant differences in mean BMI of each age group of boys and 6-11 age groups of girls between urban and rural regions and among those with three economic levels (P＜0.05).The 85th and 95th percentiles of BMI among boys aged 7-11 years in urban region were higher than BMI reference in the standards from WGOC.Lower percentiles were observed among girls aged 7-12 years in rural region.The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 9.3％ and 6.5％ among schoolchildren aged 7-12 years.The prevalence of overweight among boys (10.9％) was higher than that among girls(7.6％,x2 =88.89,P＜0.01) ; while prevalence of obesity were 8.0％ among boys and4.7％ among girls,respectively (x2 =107.17,P＜0.01).The prevalence of overweight was 11.3％ in urban and 7.4％ in rural children(x2 =131.94,P＜0.01).The prevalence of obesity was 8.7％ in urban and 4.3％ in rural children(x2 =188.99,P＜0.01).The prevalences of overweight were 10.3％,8.6％ and 9.0％ in individuals with high,medium,and low economic levels,respectively(x2 =10.76,P＜0.01) ; while the prevalences of obesity were 8.2％,5.6％,and 5.4％,respectively (x2 =51.71,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in Chinese school children was high.The prevalence in urban region with high economic level was significantly higher than that in rural region with middle and low economic level.The nutritional and behavioral intervention programs are needed to control the rising trend of obesity in children.

Objective To detect the role of differentially expressed microRNA (miRNA) in human cholangiocarcinoma and explore their effects on apoptosis and invasiveness of cholangiocarcinoma.Methods The differential expression of miRNA in 3 cholangiocarcinoma patients was detected by miRNA array.The expressions of miR-200a,miR-200b,miR-200c,and miR-141 in human cholangiocarcinoma tissues and normal bile duct tissues were detected by real-time PCR.After transfection with miR-200b mimic,apoptosis and invasiveness of human cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC939 was evaluated by Annexin-V-FITC dyeing and Transwell assay.Results Comparad with normal bile duct tissues,the number of differential miRNAs in cholangiocarcinoma was 21,including 15 up regulated and 6 down regulated.The expressions of miR200a,miR-200b,miR-200c,and miR-141 in human cholangiocarcinoma tissues were significantly lower than levels in normal bile duct tissues.The invasive ability of QBC939 was decreased after miR-200b mimic transfection.The apoptosis cell number of QBC939 was increased after miR-200b mimic transfection.Conclusion These results indicate that the expression of miRNA is different between cholangiocarcinoma and normal bile duct tissues.Moreover,miR-200a,miR-200b,miR-200c,and miR-141 are likely involved in the invasion and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma and have potential as a diagnostic and prognostic marker.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Guiqi shengjing capsule on infertility caused by oligospermia and asthenospermia. Methods All of 126 oligospermia and asthenospermia outpatients in theDepartment of Andrology from Sep 2011 to Dec 2012 were divided into 2 groups randomly:experimental group and control group (63 patients in each group), which were taken Guiqishengjing capsule and Huangjing zanyu capsule respectively, with a course of 3 months. Then we observed and compared the clinical efficacy and semen parameters of the patients in the 2 groups before and after treatment. Results There was no significant differences in semen parameters between two groups before treatment ( >0.05) .And also there was no significant differences in total clinical effective rate and semen parameters between two groups after treatment ( >0.05) .But, the extremely significant difference presented in sperm activity and density before and after treatment in two groups (<0.01) . Conclusion Guiqishengjing capsule can promote spermatogenesis, improve sperm quality, and has definite effect on oligospermia and asthenospermia in infertility .

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of AMS three- piece inflatable penile prosthesis on erectile dysfunction (ED).Methods From Dec 2008 to Sep 2012, 7 patiens with of serve erectile dysfunction (ED),whose ages were 28~55 years (average 47 years) were implanted with AMS three- piece inflatable penile prosthesis in our hospital. The 7 patients with serve erectile dysfunction included 3 patients with neurogenic ED,2 patients with arteriovenous fistula in corpus cavernosum penis and 2 patients with fibrosis of corpus cavernosum penis. Results All of the patients were performed smoothly with implantation of AMS three- piece inflatable penile prosthesis, among them 3 cases appeared foreskin edema, but it disappeared after 2 weeks. After 6~36 months (average 18 months) follow up, there was no rejection, no implant failure, and no urethral injury in our group, all patients got satisfaction on sexual life, and one patient with arteriovenous fistula in corpus cavernosum penis after treatment made his wife pregnant. Conclusion AMS three- piece inflatable penile prosthesis is close to human physiological penis, it has good concealment, less surgical trauma , high success rate, satisfying clinical efficacy, safe and reliable mechanical behavior.

Objective To detect DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients and family members of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD),and to study the effect of irradiation on genomic stability of lymphocytes. Methods Before and after 0.5 Gy radiation dose,single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) was employed to analyze DNA damage of lymphocytes in 10 ADPKD patients (group A),3 members without clinical symptoms of a ADPKD family (group B) and 20 healthy control people (group C).The damage was estimated based on the content of DNA in tail (TDNA％) with comet analysis software (CASP). Results Both before and after irradiation,the TDNA％ (8.85％±0.14％,14.84％±0.77％) and the value-added (6.00％±0.77％) of TDNA％ of group A were significantly higher than those of group C (7.50％±0.37％,12.46％±0.26％,4.96％±0.44％) respectively.There were no significant differences between group B and group C or group A and group B.While 1 person in group B had higher TDNA％ as compared to group C both before and after irradiation. Conclusions The lymphocytes of ADPKD patients are more sensitive to ionizing radiation as compared to healthy people.The genomic instability in ADPKD patients or member of ADPKD family may trigger cystic formation in multi-organs when exposing to environmental agents. SCGE may provide a new approach to elucidate the pathogenesis and prognosis of ADPKD.

Objective To ssarch for the relationship between hemoglobulin (Hb),erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) and the altitude.Methods The altitudes of Guinan and Maduo county in Qinghai province are respectively 3200m and 4300m. The 122 healthy students aged from 7 to 14 years old were selected, Hb and EP of them were respectively determined by the methods of ferric cyanation and fluorospectrophotometry. The statistical treatment was carry out by t test and matched-pair t test.Results The Hb levels of the healthy children aged from 7 to 14 years old in Guinan and Maduo county are respectively 133 .6?10.1 and 152.8?14.0 g/L (t = 12.31, p＜0.001), the EP levels of them are respectively 320.7 ? 114.9 and 347.8 ? 123.6 ?g/L (t = 1.77, P＞0.05), the value of EP/Hh of them are respectively 2.4 ?0 .9 and 2 .3?0.8 (t = 1.12, p＞0.05). The result of matched-pair t test shows that there are not sexural difFerence for Hb, EP and EP/Hb (P＞0.05).Conclusion Along with the increasing of altitude, the Hb and EP levels of the healthy Children aged from 7 to 14 years old are obviously increased and on sexural difference.

AlM:To investigate the influence of phacoemulsification with different incision on tear film.
METHODS:Tear film was monitored in 152 patients (169 eyes) after phacoemulsification. Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of incision:group A (76 patients, 83 eyes) with a 3. 2mm corneoscleral limbus incision phacoemulsification and group B (76 patients, 86 eyes ) with a sclemtic tunnel incision. Tear break-up time ( BUT ) , cornea fluorescein staining ( CFS ) , lid-parallel conjunctival folds ( LlPCOF) and lid-wiper epitheliopathy ( LWE ) were observed at 3d preoperatively and 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo postoperatively. The results were analyzed using a Chi-square test and t-test with SPSS 17. 0.
RESULTS:BUT: The BUT of two groups was obviously shorter at 1wk, 1mo postoperatively, the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05), however, there were no statistically significant at 3, 6mo(P>0. 05). CFS score:There was a large increase in CFS at 1wk, 1mo postoperatively, the differences were statistically significant between the two groups(P<0. 05), however, there were no statistically significant at 3, 6mo (P>0. 05). LlPCOF:There was a large increase in LlPCOF at 1wk, 1 and 3mo postoperatively, the differences were statistically significant between the two groups (P<0. 05), however, there were no statistically significant at 6mo (P>0. 05). LWE: There was a large increase in tear osmolarity at 1wk, 1mo postoperatively. The differences were statistically significant between the two groups (P<0. 05), however, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at 3, 6mo (P>0. 05).
CONCLUSlON:The stability of tear film in patients with scleral tunnel incision is much better than in patients with 3. 2mm corneoscleral limbus incision phacoemulsification. There is no significant difference between the two groups during later postoperative periods.

Oleanolic acid has a widespread pharmacologic effect,including anti-inflammation,antitumor,anfidiabetes,anti-atherosclerosis,hepatoprotection,anti-osteoporosis,etc.Bioavailability of oleanolic acid by oral administration is low,and is absorbed by intestine through passive transport.Oleanolic acid dispersion preparation can increase its solubility and bioavailability,and concentrate on liver to help treat for hepatic disease.The pharmacokinetic parameters,process in body of oleanolic acid,and the pharmacokinetic feature of oleanolic acid dispersion and its prodrug are reviewed,and its research advance on pharmacokinetics is summarized,which provides a reference for rational utilization of oleanolic acid.