Bone Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; Child ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma ; immunology ; pathology ; Rosette Formation

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on postpartum stress urinary incontinence. Methods 100 natural birth mothersmet the selection conditions were divided into control group (n=50) and treatment group (n=50). The control group accepted pelvic floormuscle training and the treatment group accepted acupuncture and moxibustion in addition. They were assessed 4 weeks after treatment. Results84% in the treatment group improved and it was 56% in the control group ( χ2 =10.54, P<0.01). Conclusion Acupuncture may improvethe efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training on postpartum stress urinary incontinence.

Objective To study the clinical features,pathological characteristics and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma(RCC)in young adults,and to improve the recognition of RCC in young population. Methods The data of 35 young patients with RCC under the age of 35 years from August 1983 to June 2005 were analyzed retrospectively.There were 22 males and 13 females with a mean age of 31 years(age range, 19-35 years).The clinical presentations were as follows:painless hematuria in 12 cases(34%),low back pain in 12(34%),abdominal mass in 2(6%),fever in 3 and Stauffer syndrome in 1.The tumor size was 1.2-13.8 cm in diameter(mean,6.0cm).AJCC staging showed stage I tumor in 8 cases,stageⅡin 4, stageⅢin 18 and stageⅣin 5.Of the 35 cases,28 underwent radical nephrectomy(including simultaneous extraction of the vena cava emboli in 3 cases and extraction with pulmonary lobectomy in 1);5 cases under- went partial nephrectomy;and 2 cases lost the chance of operation(1 of them had biopsy).Results The operations were successful.The postoperative pathologic diagnoses consisted of clear cell carcinoma in 23 ca- ses,mixed cell carcinoma in 5,papillary cell carcinoma in 2,and chromophobe cell carcinoma in 2,low-dif- ferentiated and undifferentiated cell carcinoma each in 1.Of them,26 cases were followed for 12-148 months(mean,56 months).Postoperative 3-and 5-year survival rates were 65% and 50%,respectively. Conclnsions In young population,RCC is difficult to diagnose because of occult symptoms at early stage and lack of tumor specificity,which leads to relatively late clinical staging at diagnosis.RCC is characterized by higher malignancy,easy invasion to surrounding tissues and metastasis,and thus poor prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effect of polysaccharides from Selaginella tamariscina on Enterovirus 71 (EV71) replication in vitro. Methods For detecting the cytotoxicity, series of doses of polysaccharides from Selaginella tamariscina were added in RD cells, cell survival rates were evaluated by observing the cytopathic effect (CPE) and using cell counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, then the half toxic concentration(CC50) of the drugs were calculated. For studying the antiviral activity, the cellular model was established by infecting RD cells with EV71. Several groups were set in the experiments: normal control group, virus-infected group, positive drug treated EV71 -infected group(ribavirin 3. 2 mg/L) and series of doses of polysaccharides treated EV71 -infected groups. The CPE inhibitions were determined by using CCK8 assay and the half inhibitory concentrations of drugs(IC50) were calculated. The inhibitiory effect of polysaccharides on EV71 RNA were determined by using real-time RT-PCR methods for detecting the virus RNA levels in cell cultures. Results The CC50 of 30% and 50% alcohol precipitated polysaccharides from Selaginella tamariscina on RD cells were 396 and 142 mg/L, respectively; the IC50 calculated according to the CPE inhibitory rates were respectively 40. 8 and 26. 2 mg/L. Additionally, these two polysaccharides significantly reduced viral RNA copies in EV71-infected RD cells. Conclusion Selaginella tamariscina together with its 30% and 50% alcohol precipitated polysaccharides can be developed as potential new anti - E V 71 drugs.

11?-hydroxylase deficiency is one of the main causes of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH),which is caused by the mutation of CYP11B1 gene that encodes the enzyme.Researches have shown that mutations of CYP11B1 gene would result in decreased activity or inactivation of the enzyme in classical 11?- hydroxylase deficiency,and their relationship between genotype and phenotype of 11?-hydroxylase deficiency is not clear.

Aortopulmonary septal defect is a rare anomaly,it should be considered whenever the course of complex congenital heart di-sease includes early cardiac failure and pulmonary hypertension.So the importance of early correction to avoid irreversible pulmonary hypertension was emphasized.Noninvasive imaging with echocardiography and (or) 64MRSCT will adequately define the anatomy before surgery,it's necessary to perform cardiac catheterization to evaluate the reversability of pulmonary vessels when pulmonary hypertention is suspected.

China ; Humans ; Tinnitus

The morphological variations and congenital malformations of the auditoryossicles are not so rare as previously considered.The congenital anomalies of themhave sometimes been documented in the periodicals of the otorhinolaryngology,buttheir variations reported are scanty and incomplete.With dissecting microscope,weobserved 588 ossicles(200 mallei,224 incudis 164 stapes)from 120 full term foe-tuses without congenital defect except one case of anencephaly.We found that theauditory ossicles vary greatly in their form,length,size,angulation,curvature orthickness,etc.Those are variations of anterior fovea of caput mallei,anteriorcurvature of manubrium mallei,form of lateral margin of manubrium mallei,formof crus breve of incus,form of crus stapedis and patterns of basis stapedis.In 240 ears,five cases of congenital malformations of ossicular chain(2.1%)were discovered and listed as follows:1.One case of congenital stapes footplate fixation,2.One case of ring form stapes detached from the basis stapedis,3.Two cases of columella stapes,4.One case of triple fusion of ossicles by osteoid tissue.Embryology of auditory ossicles available for understanding the variability anddeformity was briefly reviewed.According to our investigations we come to the conclusion that the stapesis probably the most frequently involved in the morphological variation andmalformation.

The arteries of auditory ossicles of 40 ears from 20 full term feotuses weredemonstrated by injection of liquid latex containing a small amount of Chinese inkthrough common carotid arteries.We found that the malleus and incus possess thenutrient arteries as well as the mucosal arteries,whereas the stapes gets its bloodsupply from the mucosal arteries only.The anterior tympanic artery is the principal source of blood supply of the mal-leus and the incus.It enters the middle ear through the petrotympanic fissure andramifies into five branches:malleolar artery,incudal artery,superior branch,posteriorbranch and chorda tympani branch.The malleolar and incudal arteries are nutrientarteries.The vascular network in mucosa over the manubrium mallei is supplied bythe branches of the deep auricular and stylomastoid arteries over the tympanic mem-brane.The mucosal arteries of the long crus of the incus is supplied by the smallvessels given off by incudal artery before entering the nutrient foramen,the finevessels from the arteries around the chorda tympani and the vessels passing to it fromstapes.The blood supply of the stapes is derived from the vessels located in two majorareas:one from the facial canal and the other from the promontory.The arteries tothe stapes from the promontory vascular plexus are the artery of the head of thestapes,the artery of the posterior crus and the artery of the anterior crus.The for-mer two vessels have not been reported previously.In the facial canal there are thestylomastoid artery and the superficial petrosal artery.The arterial supply of incudostapedial joint and the distal portion of the incuscomes from the vessels passing to them from the stapes rather than from the incudalsource.From above account,it would appear that the head of the malleus and thebody and short crus of the incus derived from first branchial cartilage are mainlysupplied by the anterior tympanic artery,and the remainder of the auditory ossiclesderived from second branchial cartilage are supplied by the stylomastoid artery.

This study was aimed to optimize the vacuumextraction technology of alkaloids fromSophora alopecuroides. The orthogonal test and comprehensive evaluation were used to optimize the vacuumextraction technology. Contents of total alkali and oxymatrinewere used as index components for optimizing the effect of three factors, which were the adding amount of water, extraction time, and extraction frequency. Comparison was made among optimal conventional extraction process, decoction extraction and vacuumextraction. The results showed that the optimum extraction process was to add 12 times amount of water, and to extract for 3 times under the temperature of 60℃, 1h for each time. It was concluded that the optimized extraction vacuum technologyof alkaloids fromS. alopecuroidsdecompression total alkali content and oxymatrine process was better than that of optimal conventional extraction process and decoction extraction. The vacuumextraction technology was stable and practical.