The necessity and performing method of research-intensive teaching in microbiology experiments are explored in the aspects of teaching design, process and effect. It is concluded that research-intensive experiments plays a positive role in developing students’comprehensive quality.

Based on the formation and developing course of the system of diagnosis and treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),to explain three modes of diagnosis and treatment,including differential diagnosis of diseases therapy,determination of treatment based in pathogenesis obtained through differentiation of symptoms and signs,illness-syndrome coalescent.The latter one consist of the mode of illness-syndrome coalescent of TCM,which is based on diagnosing disease in TCM,to carry out determination of treatment based in pathogenesis obtained through differentiation of symptoms and signs and that based on diagnosing disease in modern medicine,to carry out determination of treatment based in pathogenesis obtained through differentiation of symptoms and signs of TCM.Meanwhile,to approach the advantages and flaws among different modes of diagnosis and treatment,accordingly we could offer theory evidences for elevating the level of curing disease of TCM.

Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common complication in thoracic cancer patients through radiotherapy, which can be divided into the early-stage radiation-induced pneumonitis (RP) and late-stage radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF). At present, glucocorticoids are mainly adopted in the clinical treatment of RP. However, there has been no effective medical treatment for RILF. RILF patients will eventually die from respiratory failure. The exact mechanism of RILI remains unclear. Current studies have proposed that its possible pathogenesis might consist of genetic heterogeneity, oxidative stress and cell damage. In this review, studies related to the pathogenesis of RILI were summarized.

Acute Kidney Injury ; blood ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Blood Pressure ; Critical Illness ; therapy ; Electrolytes ; blood ; Female ; Hemofiltration ; methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVE To understand the distribution of common pathogens and their drug resistance trend and to provide the basis of the correct selection of antibiotics for clinic.METHODS Retrospective analysis was taken for blood culture specimens during 2 years in our hospital.And statistical analysis was done.All of 4028 cases of blood culture specimens were detected on automatic BacT/Alert3D rapid blood culture system,strains isolated were taken to VITEK-2 automatic microbiological analysis/sensitivity system for identification and drug susceptibility testing.Drug susceptibility results were analyzed using WHONET 5.3 software.RESULTS Totally 435 pathogen were isolated from 4028 cases of blood culture sample and the positive rate was 10.8%.195 Gram-negative bacteria strains accounted for 44.8%,mainly Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Burkholderia cepacia,Acinetobacter baumannii,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 49.9%;mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis,S.haemolyticus and S.aureus dominated.Fungi were 23 strains(5.3%),mainly Candida albicans.Among them,extended-spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs) produced by E.coli and K.pneumoniae strains were 43.9% and 48.8%,respectively.Meticillin-resistant S.aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were 35.3% and 72.9%,respectively.But vancomycin-resistant S.aureus was not found.CONCLUSIONS The bacteria identification detected in blood culture class is quite complicated,and the drug resistance is high.Laboratories should increase the detection rate of bacterial culture and provide drug monitoring results for the clinics on time based on CLSI norms.Clinicians should use the antibiotics reasonably based on the drug susceptibility results in order to reduce nosocomial infections and the emergency of multiple drug-resistant strains.

ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between clinical characteristic pathology and prognosis in infant with intra-abdominal solid tumor.MethodsFifty-two infants(less than 1 year old) with abdominal solid tumor from Apr.1998 to Feb.2007 in Shanghai Children's Medical Center and from Jan.2001 to Feb.2007 in Shanghai Xinhua Hospital were reviewed.The history of these children were reviewed.Features and clinical pathology of these children with their prognosis were analyzed and followed up by telephones and children return visit records from 5 months to 8 years.ResultsLess than 1 month,7 cases;1 month to 1 year old,45 cases.Teratoma 23 cases(44.23%),neuroblastoma 9 cases(17.31%),nephroblastoma 6 cases(11.54%),hepatoblastoma 5 cases(9.62%),epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver 3 cases(5.77%),congenital mesoblastic nephroma 3 cases(5.77%),fusiform cell epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of pancreas 1 case(1.92%),hamartoma of the liver 1 case(1.92%),retroperitoneal small cell malignant tumor 1 case(1.92%).Benign:malignant=1:1.Among the benign tumor,male:female=1:1.Among the malignant tumor,male:female=2.33:1.0.All children were treated with tumor resection,and combined with chemotherapy for those whose tumors were malignant.ConclusionsAmong infant abdominal solid tumors,teratoma and neuroblastoma are much more than other tumors.The cases of benign tumors are almost as much as the malignant tumors.The benign tumors did not have sex differences,and had good prognosis after surgical resection.However,in malignant tumors,the incidence rate of male is obviously higher than female.Completely resection of those malignant tumors with chemotherapy would get little incidence of recrudescence and low case fatality rate.Early diagnosis and early treatment play an important role in prognosis.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organotin Compounds ; poisoning ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To evaluate the effect of procaine on prevention of skin slap necrosis after modified radical mastectomy in breast cancer.Methods 106 breast cancer patients were randomly divided into treatment and control groups.In the treatment group,procaine(1% 100ml diluted in 300ml mormal saline,42℃)were compressed under the skin flap in operation,the control group received same amount of normal salin instead.The rates and sizes of skin flap necrosis were obeserved and compared.Results There were 13 cases suffured from skin flap necrosis among 106 breast cancer cases who received surgery operation.The rate of the flap necrosis in treatment group was5.76%(3/52),and the control group was 18.51%(10/54),there was significant difference(P

ObjectiveTo investigate the action mechanism of CD20 lymphocyte infiltration in the renal allograft biopsy with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN).MethodsCAN cases confirmed by renal biopsy within 2 years after renal transplantation served as study subjects. By using immunohistochemistry,the deposition of C4d and the CD20-positive lymphocytes infiltration in the renal grafts were examined.The clinical follow-up data were analyzed.ResultsForty-four cases of CAN were enrolled in the study, including 13 cases (29.5％ ) of CD20-positive lymphocytes infiltration,and 31cases (70.5％ )of CD20-negative lymphocytes infiltration. CD20-positive lymphocytes in biopsy showed nodular and scattered lymphocytes infiltration.There were 5 (26.3％)cases of CAN Ⅰ,4 cases (25.0％) of CAN Ⅱ,and 4 (44.4％) of CAN Ⅲ in CD20-positive group.There was no statistically significant difference between the only CAN group and CAN with AR group in CD20-positive rate.Immunohistochemical staining showed there were 12 cases (27.3％) with C4d linear deposition in peritubular capillary endothelial cells (PTC).C4d positive rate had no significant difference among the CAN classifications. There was no significant relationship between C4d deposition and CD20-positive lymphocytic infiltration.The average serum creatinine in CD20-negtive group and CD20-posigtive group was 140.8 ± 22.0 and 183.5 ± 25.5μmol/L before biopsy,and 165.6 ± 37.6 and 242.2 ± 59.1 μmol/L one year after biopsy.The average serum creatinine level in CD20-positive group was higher than in CD20-negtive group before and after biopsy.ConclusionProgressive chronic humoral immunity is high risk in the process of CAN. The CD20-positive lymphocyte infiltration has no relevance with CAN grade and C4d deposition in PTC,but is associated with circulating antibody PRA and allograft long-term outcome. Pathogenetic mechanism may not contribute to chronic humoral immune,but B cells presenting donor antigens,are recognized and activated by T cells as antigen-presenting cells.

Objective To evaluate the effect of nitrous oxide(N2O) on the cuff pressure of ProSeal laryngeal mask airway(PLMA) in pediatric anesthesia. Methods Thirty-two pediatic patients were enrolled and divided into two groups randomly.PLMA cuffs were inflated with air(Group A) or 50% N2O/oxyen(Group N) to 20 mmHg as initial pressure.The intracuff pressure was monitored during anesthesia with 50% N2O in oxygen. Results Intracuff pressure increased to(40.6?9.3) mmHg in Group A and slightly decreased in Group N.Deflation volume in Group A was much more than that in Group N[(4.4?2.3) mL vs(2.6?1.0) mL,P