Objective To explore the diagnosis,treatment and pathology of malignant brain tumor in children.Methods The clinical data of 61 children with malignant brain tumor were reviewed,including their age distribution,diagnosis,operation route(according to the position of the brain tumors),chemotherapy [using bischloro-nitrosourea(BCNU),teniposide(VM-26) and temozolomide]and radiotherapy (part and whole brain irradiation,three diamensions conformal therapy,gamma knife and X-kinfe).Results Of 61 cases,which including 37 boys and 24 girls whose mean age was 11.3 years,24 cases were supratentorial tumors and 37 cases were infratentorial.Forty-five tumors received total or subtotal recession,10 cases with major recession,and 6 cases with partial recession.After operation,39 cases (63.9%) received radiotherapy,and 29 cases (47.5%) with chemotherapy.Follow-up of 49 cases were achieved,in which 22 cases died and 27 cases survived.Conclusions Surgical removal is still the chief treatment for malignant brain tumor in children.The exairesis profect should be formulated according to the specificity of each case.Radiotherapy methods should be related to post-operational images(CT or MRI).And it was different from the brain tumors in adult.It is good to prolong survival duration for some chosen cases with optimal chemotherapy.

Objective To analyze clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of Hashimoto's disease ( HD) accompanying with thyroid cancer. Methods Clinical data of 10 cases of HD accompanying with thyroid cancer admitted from Jan. 1998 to Jan. 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Pathology revealed 8 cases had HD accompanying with papillary cancer and 2 cases had HD with follicle cancer. Mild hoarse voice was observed in 2 cases. Varying degree of hypothyrosis was observed in 9 cases and all patients were treated with thyroxin. Conclusions It is difficult to diagnose HD accompanying with thyroid cancer preoperatively. Knowing the indications of operative exploration of HD is very important and surgical management is the best treatment. The operation should follow the principle of radical thyriodectomy. Patients should be treated with thyroxin postoperatively.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of quercetin on primary cultured newborn rat cortex neuron cell which is estrogen depletion, and discuss the possible mechanism, to provide new ideas and strategies for developing a drug of neurodegenerative disease. METHODS Rat cortex neurons were isolated from one day old Sprague Dawley rats and treated with estrogen, quercetin and estrogen receptor antagonists (ICI182,780). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay, neurite outgrowth was measured by fluorescent microsope and estrogen receptors were determine by Western blot. RESULTS Quercetin functions like estrogen to increase cortex neuronal cell viability, the Que (50, 100 μmol·L-1) group compared with the control group could significantly improve the activity of the cortical neurons(P<0.05). It can also increase neurite out growth, the Que (50,100 μmol·L-1) group significantly promoted the formation of synapse, most of the neurons were full, and the synapses of neurons became thick, growth, and connect to a dense neural network. And in the Western blot experiments, Que (50, 100 μmol·L-1) group could obviously increase the expression of estrogen receptor alpha protein, in addition, the neural protective effect of quercetin can be inhibited by ICI182,780. CONCLUSION Quercetin like estrogen can protected cortex neuronal and the effect of quercetin on cortex neuronal cells was mediated by estrogen receptor alpha.

Exosome is a self-secreted phospholipid bilayer nanovesicles, and has shown great potential in drug delivery field due to the important advantages of low immunogenicity and homologous targeting. Phototherapy, mainly includes photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), utilize light to activate photoactive drug for tumor cell killing. The advanced therapeutic strategy shows low toxic side-effect and non-invasion precise advantages, and thus has made great progress in tumor treatment over the past few years. Therefore, using exosomes as a drug delivery system to deliver phototherapeutic agents can improve therapeutic performances with a reduced side-effect, and further enhance their application potential for clinical tumor therapy. This review focus on the rising cross-subjects field involving exosomes and phototherapy, and mainly introduce the research progress and relative case of exosomes-based delivery system for cancer phototherapy. Additionally, the advantages and challenges of exosome-based phototherapy are also discussed and proposed.

ObjectiveTo explore the inductive action of docosapentenoic acid(DPA) on neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells in vitro.MethodsNeurite outgrowth in PC12 cells was examined after the treatment with different concentration of DPA using Motic Zamges Plus software mapping cell image system.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of β Ⅲ-tubulin regulated protein kinase,a neuronal marker as well as ERK and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation.ResultsPC12 cell neurite formation rate was increased in a concentration dependent manner in the induction of DPA,increased by 2.4% (DPA 10 μg/ml,P>0.05),18.6% (DPA 30 μg/ml,P<0.05) and 25.0% (DPA 50 μg/ml,P<0.05) compared with that in the control group.DPA promoted the expression of β Ⅲ-tubulin (P<0.05) and the phosphorylation level of ERK and Akt (P<0.05,P<0.01).ConclusionDPA promotes PC12 cell neurites growth and its mechanism may be related to the activation of ERK and Akt signaling pathways.

OBJECTIVETo investigate diagnosis and therapeutic effects of knee joint synovial chondromatosis with arthroscopic.

METHODSFrom March 1995 to July 2011, 28 patients with knee joint synovial chondromatosis were treated. Among them, 18 males and 10 females ranging age from 25 to 81 (mean 55.2) years,the course of disease ranged from 0.5 to 15 (mean 5.6) years. Clinical manifestation mainly included pain, swell and functional limitation of knee joint. Knee open surgery (17 cases) and laparoscopic surgery (10 cases) were respectively used. Clinical symptom,image data,pathological manifestation and effects under arthroscopy were observed, Lysholm scoring was used to evaluate effects.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up except one lost, the duration ranging from 6 to 24 months. Lysholm score in knee open surgery was increased from (41.89 +/- 6.81) preoperatively to (67.73 +/- 7.62) postoperatively;while in laparoscopic surgery it was increased from (40.78 +/- 7.54) preoperatively to (77.46 +/- 8.43) postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONArthroscopic surgery, which has no risk of rupture of incision, nonunion, earlier to exercise, is a good method to diagnosis and treat knee joint synovial chondromatosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chondromatosis, Synovial ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To establish the quality standard for Tiaojing Pills. Methods Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Rhizoma Chuanxiong in Tiaojing Pills were identified by TLC and the content of paeoniflorin was determined by HPLC. Results Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Rhizoma Chuanxiong could be identified by TLC. Paeoniflorin showed a good linearity in the range of 0.086 88～0.868 8 ?g,r=0.999 6.The average recovery was 101.28 %,and RSD was 1.31 %. Conclusion The established methods are simple,convenient and reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of Tiaojing Pills.

AIM:To investigate the effect of Xingnaojing (XNJ) injection on the permeability of blood-brain barrier ( BBB) and zonula occludens-1 ( ZO-1) protein expression after global ischemia-reperfusion in rats.METHODS:Improved Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion method was adopted to establish the global ischemia-reperfusion model in the rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, solvent group and XNJ group.The observations were conducted at the time points of 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after ischemia reperfusion.The water content of the brain tissues was determined by dry-wet weight method, while the Evans blue ( EB) content of brain tissue was detected by spectropho-tometry.The protein levels of ZO-1 in the cerebral cortex were analyzed by Western blot.RESULTS:The water contents in the brain tissues in model group, solvent group and XNJ group were significantly higher than those in sham group ( P<0.05) 24 h after ischemia reperfusion.However, the brain water contents in model group and solvent group were signifi-cantly higher than those in XNJ group and sham group (P<0.05) 48 h and 72 h after ischemia reperfusion.The EB con-tents in the brain tissues in model group, solvent group and XNJ group were entirely higher than that in sham group 24 h af-ter ischemia reperfusion (P<0.05).The EB contents in sham group and XNJ group were significantly lower than those in model group and solvent group 48 h and 72 h after ischemia reperfusion (P<0.05).The protein expression of ZO-1 in the rat cerebral cortex in model group, solvent group and XNJ group was significantly lower than that in sham group 24 h after ischemia-reperfusion (P<0.05).Similarly, 48 h and 72 h after ischemia reperfusion, ZO-1 protein level in the cortex in sham group and XNJ group was significantly higher than that in model group and solvent group (P<0.05).CONCLU-SION:At 48 h and 72 h after global ischemia-reperfusion, Xingnaojing injection play a protective role in blood-brain barri-er and this role may be associated with the increase in ZO-1 protein expression by Xingnaojing injection.

Objective To study the impact of Xingnaojing (XNJ) injection (a preparation of Chinese herb medicine) on the permeability of blood-brain barrier and Caveolin-1 in cortex of brain after global ischemia-reperfusion.Methods Modified Pulsinelli method for four-vessel occlusion was employed to establish the global ischemia reperfusion model in rats.Male Wistar rats were randomly (random number) divided into three groups,namely sham group,model group and XNJ group.Each group was observed at 24 h,48 h and 72 h after ischemia reperfusion.The water content of brain tissue was determined by dry/wet weight ratio,while the Evans blue (EB) concentration in brain tissue was detected by spectrophotometer.Western blot was used to detect caveolin-1 level in the cerebral cortex.Results The water contents of brain tissue in model group and XNJ group were significantly higher than that in sham group 24 hour after ischemia-reperfusion (P ＜ 0.05).But at 48 h and 72 h after ischemia-reperfusion,the brain water content in model group was significantly higher than that in XNJ group and sham group (P ＜ 0.05).The EB concentrations in brain tissue in model group and XNJ group were higher than that in sham group 24 h after ischemia-reperfusion (P ＜ 0.05).EB levels in sham group and XNJ group were significantly lower than that in model group 48 h and 72 h after ischemia-reperfusion (P ＜ 0.05).Caveolin-1 levels in cerebral cortex in sham group and XNJ group were significantly higher than that in model group 24 h,48 h and 72 h after ischemia-reperfusion (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After global ischemia-reperfusion,Xingnaojing (XNJ) injection could protect blood-brain barrier in virtue of regulating caveolin-1 protein level.

Objective To establish a specific fluorescence quantitative method for determining the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor3(TLR3)in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs).Methods Using the Beacon Designer 2.1 software,specific primers and Taqman-MGB probe were designed.The plasmid pMD18-T-TLR3 was constructed as calibrator and the amplified fragment was obtained by reverse- transcript-PCR(RT-PCR).RNA quantification based on cycle threshold values(Ct)was used to establish the standard curve.According to which,the TLR3 mRNA levels in 30 normal individuals,20 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)and 20 ones with chronic liver cirrhosis induced by HBV were calculated automatically by software after the fluorescence of PCR product was detected continuously during amplification.Results The linear detection range of the assay for TLR3 gene and ?-actin was 10~2-10~8(r= -0.9974)and 10~3～10~8(r=-0.9984),respectively.The coefficient of variation of both intra-and inter- assay reproducibility for high concentration sample were 6.7% and 8.7%,respectively,and those for low concentration sample were 12.3% and 14.0%.The TLR3 mRNA expression level ranges from 3.46?10~2- 4.51?10~3 copies/?g RNA,4.92?10~2-1.42?10~4 copies/?g RNA and 2.58?10~2-7.17?10~3 copies/?g RNA for 30 healthy individuals,20 PBC patients and 20 ones with chronic liver cirrhosis induced by HBV, respectively.Conclusion We have successfully set up a FQ-RT-PCR method for detecting TLR3 mRNA, which may be used as an excellent tool for the clinic and basic study on the expression of TLR3 gene.