For the establishment of chemical library of protoberberines provided for the bio-activity screening, the target compounds were synthesized by thermal degradation and nucleophilic substitution reactions with the bio-active alkaloid, palmatine (1), as the raw material, and their structures were identified and conformed by 1H-NMR and MS spectra. Among them, 13 compounds were new.
Berberine Alkaloids ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure

Objective:To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP), haplotypes and genotypes of mannan-binding lectin(MBL) gene in the Bai(Pai) nationality from YunNan province, China.Methods:The three SNP sites CGT52TGT, GGC54GAC and GGA57GAA(named alleles D, B and C respectively, wildtype named A) in exon1 of MBL gene of 70 DNA samples of Bai nationality whose three SNP sites, -550G/C, -221C/G and +4C/T(named alleles H/L, X/Y and P/Q respectively), in promoter region of MBL gene had been clear, haplotypes and genotypes of MBL genes were detected and analyzed by sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction.Results:It was found that in Bais population, the frequency of alleles B was 0.100, there only were five haplotypes, HYPA, LXPA, LYQA, LYPA and LYPB, whose frequencies were 0.250, 0.107, 0.407, 0.135 and 0.100 respectively, the frequencies of several genotypes were LYPA/LYPA 0.043, LXPA/LYQA 0.143, LYPA/LYPB 0.014, HYPA/LYQA 0.086, LYPA/ LYQA 0.157, HYPA/LYPA 0.014, LYPB/LYQA 0.143, HYPA/LYPB 0.043, LXPA/LXPA 0.014, HYPA/LXPA 0.043, LYQA/LYQA 0.143 and HYPA/HYPA 0.157.Conclusion:In the MBL genes in Bais population, there is the allele B, the polymorphism haplotypes are mostly LYQA and HYPA, and the genotypes, LYPA/LYQA, HYPA/HYPA, LXPA/LYQA, LYPB/LYQA and LYQA/LYQA.

OBJECTIVETo develop an approach to the determination of saponins in Radix Cynanchi Atrati, and to optimize the parameters for purified the preparation of total saponins by macroporous resin column chromatography.

METHODUsing cynanversicoside A as a reference, the determination of saponins was performed; according to the elution rate and the purity of the products, the preparation performance of total saponins by macroporous resin was investigated, and its parameters were optimized.

RESULTThe saponins in Radix Cynanchi Atrati were successfully determined at 518 nm by vanillin-perchloric acid as spray reagent. The macroporous resin HP-20 showed static absorption ratio of 59. 3 mg x g(-1); the 70% ethanol extraction of Radix Cynanchi Atrati was eluted from column of macroporous resin HP-20 by water and 30% ethanol, and the saponins were concentrated in 90% ethanol solution. The content of saponin part eluted from HP-20 column was 77.62%.

CONCLUSIONThe proposed approach allows convenient and efficient preparation and purification of saponin in Radix Cynanchi Atrati.

Absorption ; Benzaldehydes ; chemistry ; Calibration ; Cynanchum ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Perchlorates ; chemistry ; Porosity ; Reproducibility of Results ; Resins, Plant ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Bcl-2 overexpression on Fas and TNFR1-mediated apoptosis and its possible mechanism in rat hippocampus following global ischemia/reperfusion (IR).

METHODSNinety healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operated group, IR group and Bcl-2 overexpression group (BT group). Rat model of global IR was established by the 4-V0 method. The expressions of Bcl-2, Fas and TNFR1 and the cell apoptosis in the CA1 and CA3 regions were examined by HE staining, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL method.

RESULTSIn IR group, the neurons in the CA1 region showed an obvious reduction in number with disordered arrangement and interstitial edema 48 h after global IR. Such changes were not obvious in BT group. Immunohistochemistry showed that Fas expression in the CA1 region reached the peak level at 6 h in IR group with a greater expression intensity than that in BT group (P<0.05). TNFR1 was expressed at a higher level in IR group than in BT group (P<0.05), reaching the peak level at 24 h. In the sham group, the expression of Fas and TNFR1 was not detected the in CA1 and CA3 regions. Global IR caused increased cell apoptosis in the CA1 and CA3 regions, starting at 6 h and reached peak at 24 to 48 h. The cell apoptosis was less obvious in BT group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFas and TNFR1 are expressed in the CA1 and CA3 regions after global IR in rats, suggesting the involvement of death receptor in cerebral IR injury. Bcl-2 overexpression decreases the expression of Fas and TNFR1 and cell apoptosis after global IR, thus offering protective effect against cerebral IR injury.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; metabolism ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety of human umbilical cord derived-mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) transplantation therapy in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.

METHODSUC-MSCs were transplanted intravenously into patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Serum levels of glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), white blood cells (WBC), and prothrombin activity (PA) were detected at different time points after UC-MSCs transplantation.

RESULTSMost UC-MSC transplanted patients experienced an improvement in quality of life, to varying degrees. With the exception of low-grade fever in a few patients, side effects and oncogenic events were rare (treatment group: 1/38 vs. control group: 1/16; P more than 0.05). The UC-MSCs transplantation showed no effect on GLU, TC, BUN, AFP, WBC, or PA.

CONCLUSIONUC-MSCs transplantation in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis is safe and may improve the patient's quality of life.

Adult ; Aged ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; surgery ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies

Nowadays, there is a trend of HIV prevalence transmitting from high-risk group to average-risk group in China. Rural China is the weak link of HIV prevention, and rural areas of Henan province which is one of the most high-risk regions in China have more than 60% of the AIDS patients in the province. Thus, improving the HIV awareness and implementing health education become the top-priority of HIV/AIDS control and prevention. A multistage sampling was designed to draw 1129 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) and 1168 non-PLWHAs in 4 prevalence counties of Henan province. A health promoting and social-psychological support model was constructed to improve the health knowledge of participants. Chi-square tests and unconditional logistic regression were performed to determine the intervention effect and influencing factors. All groups had misunderstandings towards the basic medical knowledge and the AIDS transmission mode. Before the intervention, 59.3% of the HIV/AIDS patients and 74.6% of the healthy people had negative attitudes towards the disease. There was statistically significant difference in the improvement of knowledge, attitude and action with regards to HIV prevention before and after intervention (P<0.05). PLWHAs who were males (OR=1.731) and had higher education level (OR=1.910) were found to have better HIV/AIDS health knowledge, whereas older PLWHAs (OR=0.961) were less likely to have better HIV/AIDS health knowledge. However, the intervention effect was associated with the expertise of doctors and supervisors, the content and methods of education, and participants' education level. It was concluded that health education of HIV/AIDS which positively influences the awareness and attitude of HIV prevention is popular in rural areas, therefore, a systematic and long-term program of HIV control and prevention is urgently needed in rural areas.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; prevention & control ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) ; Patient Education as Topic ; methods ; standards ; Rural Population

The purpose of this study was to verify that a combination of mild hyperthermia and docetaxel chemotherapy produces synergistic antitumor effects and to explore the action mechanisms of this treatment approach. The effects of docetaxel on the proliferation of cells from the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and the ER-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-453 were examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and effective experimental concentrations of docetaxel were determined. The effects of mild hyperthermia plus docetaxel therapy on apoptosis rate in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 human breast cancer cell lines were analyzed by using flow cytometry with Annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) staining. The effects of these combined treatments on cell cycle progression in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 human breast cancer cell lines were examined by using flow cytometry. The effects of these combined treatments on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were analyzed by using Western blotting. The effects of these combined treatments on the expression of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and the multi-drug resistance (MDR) gene product P-glycoprotein (Pgp) were examined by using Western blotting. The results showed that the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of docetaxel for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cells was 19.57±1.12 and 21.64±2.31 μmol/L respectively. Mild hyperthermia with docetaxel therapy could increase apoptosis rate in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cells. Apoptosis rate in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cells was increased from (23.66±3.59)% and (18.51±3.17)% in docetaxel treatment group to (47.12±6.73)% and (55.16±7.42)% in mild hyperthermia plus docetaxel group, indicating that the mild hyperthermia and docetaxel therapeutic approaches exhibited significant synergistic antitumor effects. Treatments of mild hyperthermia plus docetaxel induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cells. Western blotting demonstrated that proteins in the MAPK pathway were expressed at higher levels in docetaxel-treated cells following mild hypothermia than those in cells treated with docetaxel alone. As compared with blank control group, cells from the mild hyperthermia plus docetaxel group exhibited significantly decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein expression but slightly increased Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression. Western blotting results revealed that HSP70 and Pgp expression levels were significantly increased following mild hypothermia. It was concluded that treatments of mild hyperthermia plus docetaxel inhibited the proliferation of human breast cancer cells, promoted apoptosis of breast cancer cells, and produced synergistic antitumor effects.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; MCF-7 Cells ; Receptors, Estrogen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Taxoids ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo assess the association between SIRT1 gene polymorphisms and the longevity phenomena in Yongfu region of Guangxi. In this case-control study, 500 individuals from Yongfu region of Guangxi were recruited. The subjects were divided into a longevity group (n=223, average age=93.17 U+00B1 3.08 yr) and a healthy control group (n=277, average age=46.92 U+00B1 17.12 yr). Polymerase chain reaction-high resolution melting curve (PCR-HRM) and DNA sequencing were used to determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of rs3758391, rs3740051, rs2273773, rs4746720 and rs10997870 polymorphisms of SIRT1 gene in the two groups. The association between above polymorphisms and longevity was assessed.

RESULTSIn the longevity group, CT genotype of the rs4746720 locus was significantly more common than CC and TT genotypes (P=0.000, OR=2.098, 95%CI:1.412-4.117). However, no significant difference was found in the allelic and genotypic frequencies of rs3758391, rs3740051 and rs2273773 between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONThere is an association between rs4746720 of SIRT1 gene and longevity in Yongfu region of Guangxi.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Gene Order ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genotype ; Humans ; Longevity ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sirtuin 1 ; genetics ; Young Adult

Mutation in any of five key amino acid residues (at positions 26, 27, 30, 31 and 34) within the M2 protein of influenza A viruses leads to resistance against the amantodine class of anti-influenza drugs. In this study, a pyrosequencing method was described to rapidly detect established five molecular markers of resistance to M2 blockers, amantadine. The residues L26, V27, A30, S31 and G34 in the M2 protein were targeted for pyrosequencing, and 94 avian influenza viruses were used to perform the amantadine resistance analysis. Our results showed that most of avian influenza viruses were amantadine resistant, Mutations V27I and S31N were founded in these isolates.
Amantadine ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Chickens ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Influenza A virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Influenza in Birds ; drug therapy ; virology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To explore the suicide intention and its influential factors among primary and junior high school students in rural areas of Anhui province,in order to provide evidence for early intervention related to mental health problems.Methods All students from 3 junior high and 5 primary schools in Changfeng county of Anhui were recruited as the study subjects using the cluster sampling method.Data were collected by using Children' s Depression Inventory,the Family APGAR Index,the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire,the Children' s Self-Esteem Scale,Social Anxiety Scale for Children,and the Quality of Life Scale.Chi-square test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the suicidal ideation and its influential factors respectively.Results 8.64％ (252/2917) of the studied children had suicidal ideation.Out of them,9.80％ (166/1694) and 7.03％ (86/1223) were left-behind or non-left-behind children.There was statistically significant difference on suicide ideation between the left-behind children and non-left-behind children (P=0.015).Data from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that social anxiety and negative coping style were the risk factors for suicidal ideation (P ＜0.05) while better family function and quality of life were the protective factors of suicidal ideation (P＜0.05).Conclusion Suicide ideation was relatively prevalent among rural children in Anhui province.Family,school and society should carry out different kinds of preventive measures to prevent suicide related behaviors in children from this area.