There have appeared many new insulin analogues in recently years. Two of them are rapid-acting insulin analogues(aspart,lispro).The regions between the insulin analog molecules were modified,which have shorter time than regular human insulin in onset of action,peak,duration of acting,and are better in decreasing postprandial glucose and opportunity of hypoglycemia before next meal.The another insulin analogues were galargine and detemir.They were obtained from changing insulin isoelectric point and increasing molecular weight,which lengthen time for disintegration,absorption and action and have little absorption variation and no overt peak.They can simulate physiological base insulin excretion.

Resistant starch is not absorbed in the small intestine.But it can be fermented in the large bowel.Recent studies have confirmed the ability of resistant starch to decrease postprandial blood glucose levels,decrease serum cholesterol and triglyeride levels,and enhance the sensitivity of insulin.As such,resistant starch contributes to preventing and treating metabolic syndrome.

Objective To investigate molecular typing and drug resistance patterns of 98 Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) isolated from type 2 diabetes patients complicated with maxillofacial infection,to research the virulence and resistance mechanisms.Methods The study was a prospective study that adopted the method of continuous sampling from fixed location,from March 2010 to October 2012.The maxillofacial surgery patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes complicated with maxillofacial infection were chosen in 7 hospitals in Zhengzhou as the research object,and a total of 431 pus sample were collected continuously,in which 98 strains K.pneumoniae were isolated and identified.The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test was conducted in 98 strains to determine the resistance to 19 antibacterial agents.K.pneumoniae chromosomal DNA were digested by restriction endonuclease Xba Ⅰ and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).PFGE patterns of K.pneumoniae strains were analyzed using Fingerprinting software.The relationship between the molecular types and resistance phenotype was observed.The extended spectrum β-1actamase-producing K.pneumoniae were screened out by the double disc synergy test (DDST)Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect resistant genotypes,serotype and virulence genes.The purified PCR products of resistant genes were cloned and sequenced.Hypermucoviscosity phenotype of all strains were determined by string test.Results Much severer drug-resistance for K.pneumoniae was identified and the result of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing rate was 57.1 ％.Ninety-eight strains were dispatched into 13 groups by PFGE.No dominant bands and specific extended-spectrum beta-lactamase DNA bands were found.The results of PCR showed that among the 56 strains of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing K.pneumoniae,40 were positive for blaSHV (accounting for 71.4％),28 positive for blaTEM (accounting for 50.5％),21 positive for blaCTX-M (accounting tor 37.5％).The sequencing results were as follows:TEM-1,CTX-M-3 and a variety of SHV.Serotype K1,K2,K3,K5,K20,K54 and K57 and 3 kinds of virulence genes were detected,but not in strong toxicity-based.Hypermucoviscosity positive rate was 31.6％ (31/98).Conclusion Much severer drug resistance of K.pneumoniae in this study was identified and resistant mechanism was complex,in which strong toxicity serotype and virulence geues exist,which need more attention from clinical.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia ; diagnosis ; immunology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; immunology ; Prognosis ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To assess the value of serum N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-Pro-BNP) in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure(CHF) and evaluation of cardiac function in children with ventricular septal defect (VSD).Methods Fifty one children were enrolled from March 2004 to March 2005.NT-Pro-BNP was measured by enzyme immunoassay technique.At the same time,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular shortening fraction(LVFS) were detected with echocardiography.Results The data of NT-Pro-BNP were showed but the logarithms of which were normal distribution.The values of NT-Pro-BNP were developed successively along with the severity of cardiac function.But there was no difference between the group of no heart failure and mild heart failure.But the values of LVEF and LVFS had no differences in the control,the mild and the moderate heart failure and the same time all of which beyond the standard of diagnosing heart failure.NT-Pro-BNP could reflect the degree of heart failure or cardiac function (r=0.826).But LVEF and LVFS can not reflect the degree of the cardiac function.Conclusions NT-Pro-BNP can reflect the degree of the cardiac function in VSD,and the degree of the heart failure can be classed by the levels of serum NT-Pro-BNP.But the value of LVEF and LVFS can not reflect the degree of the heart failure in the same disease.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Boronic Acids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Bortezomib ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; drug therapy ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is common clinical spinal disorders often occurring in the cervical spine,with the main symptom being nerve compression.The specific mechanism of OPLL remains unclear,but genetic factors,single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs),mechanical stimulation,metabolism abnormality might be involved in the etiology of the disease.Multiple genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the development of OPLL.OPLL has prominent genetic characteristic,and it is associated with SNPs of several genes.Here we review the SNPs of several genes (COL11A2,BMP-2,TGF-?1,TGF-?3,NPPS,COL6A1 and Runx2) which contribute to the development of OPLL,hoping to lay a foundation for future study.

Objective To investigate the application of the mini nutritional assessment (MNA)in the malnutrition risk eval-uation of elderly inpatients with cardiovascular disease(CVD).Methods The MNA method was adopted to detect the MNA scores in 316 elderly inpatients with CVD.The inpatient′s nutritional status was evaluated according to the MNA scores.Results Among 316 cases,52 cases(16.46%)were malnutrition,60 cases (18.99%)had the malnutrition risk and 204 cases (64.56%)were in a good nutritional status;the occurrence rate of malnutrition and malnutrition risk in the female elderly patients were higher than those in the male patients,the differences were statistically significant(P <0.01);the occurrence rate of malnutrition and malnutri-tion risk in the elderly inpatients(≥80 years old)were higher than those in the low age patients(60~<80 years old),but the differ-ences had no statistical significance(P >0.05);the occurrence rate of malnutrition and malnutrition risk in the rural patients were higher than those in the patients lived in city,the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05).Conclusion Elderly inpatients with CVD have the higher prevalence of the malnutrition risk,the MNA can be applied in elderly inpatients with CVD for conduc-ting the nutritional status monitoring and early screening the malnutrition risk.

Objective To explore the effects of UVB on the expression of Gadd45a gene and DNA methylation levels in Jurkat cells. Methods Jurkat cells were irradiated with UVB of 1.0 J/cm2 and 1.5 J/cm2 respectively, and collected at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after the irradiation. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Gadd45a gene and methylation-sensitive genes CD11a and CD70. Global methylation level was also measured by MethylAmp global DNA methylation quantification kit. Results After irradiation with UVB at 1.0 J/cm2, the mRNA level of Gadd45a increased but global methylation level decreased at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours, and significant changes were observed at 6 and 12 hours for the level of both Gadd45a mRNA expression and global methylation (P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05). Elevated mRNA expressions of CD11 a and CD70 were also noted in Jurkat cells after irradiation with UVB of 1.0 J/cm2, and significant elevation was observed at 12 hours (both P ＜ 0.05 ). After irradiation with UVB of 1.5 J/cm2, there was a statistical increase in the mRNA expressions of Gadd45a, CD11 a, CD70, together with a statistical decrease in global methylation level in Jurkat cells, at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours (P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05). The mRNA expression of Gadd45a negatively correlated with the global level of DNA methylation in Jurkat cells (r = -0.395, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion UVB irradiation can upregulate the expression of Gadd45a, but downregulate the global DNA methylation level in Jurkat cells.

Humans ; Noise, Occupational ; Occupational Exposure