OBJECTIVE:To clarify the current situation of technologies for preparation of nanomedicine.DATA SOURCES: A search of Elsevier database was performed using the key terms "nanomedicine, preparation,nanoparticle, ultrafine powder, microsphere, drug, controlled release" from January 2000 to September 2006. Meanwhile,we also searched the China Journal Full-text Database for the related articles published between January 2000 to September 2006 with the key words "nanomedicine, preparation, powder, microsphere, controlled release" in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Articles were selected primarily after their abstracts being read, and related articles accorded with the criteria were collected and read entirely.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 268 articles about nanomedcine were collected. Those repetitive or similar researches were excluded, and 38 articles met the research criteria.DATA SYNTHESIS: Nanomedicine consists of macromolecular conjugates and particulate drug carriers. The materials are stable but also degradable and biocompatible. At present, many technologies have been used for preparing nanomedicine, such as, emulsion, microemulsion, ultrasonic solvent-nonsolvent, spay drying and high-pressure homogenization, and so on.CONCLUSION: The application of nanomedicine carrier and nanotechnology not only sheds a new light on the traditional drugs whose applications are strongly restricted by their poor solubility, high toxicity and poor stability, but also enhances their therapeutic efficiency with lower dosage through targeting effect.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the general regularity and characteristics of drug-induced hemorrhage.METHEDS:1139cases of drug-induced hemorrhage reported in internal medical journals published from Jan.1995to Dec.2004were collected and analyzed.RESULTS:The drugs that induced hemorrhage were chiefly antimicrobial drugs,central nervous system drugs and hematopoietic system drugs;oral drugs were the chief means that lead to hemorrhage which amounted to63.92%of the total hemorrhage cases;the bleeding parts were mainly alimentary tract and intestinal tract;the bleeding time usually occurred within2min～1mo after medication.Systematic administration-induced hemorrhage usually occurred under the normal administration and dosage;however,wrong use of drugs,irrational drug uses etc.were accountable for the hem?orrhage in local application.CONCLUSION:Clinicians should give detailed guidance to patients on the drug use so as to avoid wrong or irrational drug use.

Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was performed on isolated rat DRG neurons to investigate the modulation of DA onGABA-activated membrane currents. It was found that majority of the examined neurons(40/47) were sensitive to GABA, 10-6～ 103mol/L GABA activated a dose-dependent inward current which had an obvious desensitization. In 26 of 40 neurons sensitiveto GABA DA induced a little outward current which had no desentization at all. Others showed no effect obviously. When theneurons were treated with DA 10-7～10-4 mol/L prior to the application of GABA for 30 s, 68% (27/40) GABA-activated mem-brane currents were inhibited, whereas DA10-5 inhibited markedly(33.3%) (x±s).

Abscess ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; surgery ; Bacteria, Aerobic ; isolation & purification ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Spleen ; pathology ; surgery ; Splenic Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Child ; Coronary Aneurysm ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; Multiple Organ Failure ; complications ; Shock ; complications

Cervical Vertebrae ; Dura Mater ; Epidural Space ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective To establish the RP-HPLC method for determination of Bruchine and Strychine in Pingxiao Tablet. Methods The lichrospher C18 (4.6 mm?250 mm, 5 ?m) was Used as the stationary phase. The Mobile phase consisted of water-acetonitrile (60∶40) with 1.7 g sodium dodecylsulphate and 3.4 g KH2PO4 in 1 000 mL mixture. The Detecting wavelength was 254 nm and flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 25 ℃. Result The linear ranage of Bruchine and Strychine were 0.102～0.918 ?g and 0.208 ～ 1.872 ?g respectively. The recovery rates of bruchine and strychnine were 101.07% (RSD=2.26%) and 99.29% (RSD=2.79%) respectively. Conclusion This method is realiable and accurate, the method can be applied to determination the contents of Bruchine and Strychine in Pingxiao Tablet.

The water extract frem the style of Zea mays L.showed a therapeutic effect on diabetes caused by alloxan, and obviously reduced blood glucose level of heperglycemia induced by glucose or epinephrine in mice, but no affect in normal mice, when it was administrated orally. In addition, it could decrease cholesterin content.

[Objective]To establish 3D finite element model of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Stress analysis on established 3D finite element model was done to compare the specific quantity of stress among every vertebra.[Method]Under the help of related softwares,3D finite element model was established from CT scan of a adolescent idiopathic scoliosi.A number of points were chosen on the model.Stress analysis was done in normal loading.[Result]Vertebral wedging and stress distribution showed significant regularity.The result was the largest in the apical region,and showed a gradual decrease to the end vertebral.[Conclusion]Relative biomechanical and clinical analysis can be easily conducted on 3D finite element model of scoliosis.It is possible to analyze diversity of stress on different conditions.

This study was aimed to optimize the vacuumextraction technology of alkaloids fromSophora alopecuroides. The orthogonal test and comprehensive evaluation were used to optimize the vacuumextraction technology. Contents of total alkali and oxymatrinewere used as index components for optimizing the effect of three factors, which were the adding amount of water, extraction time, and extraction frequency. Comparison was made among optimal conventional extraction process, decoction extraction and vacuumextraction. The results showed that the optimum extraction process was to add 12 times amount of water, and to extract for 3 times under the temperature of 60℃, 1h for each time. It was concluded that the optimized extraction vacuum technologyof alkaloids fromS. alopecuroidsdecompression total alkali content and oxymatrine process was better than that of optimal conventional extraction process and decoction extraction. The vacuumextraction technology was stable and practical.