In recent years, with the rapid development of antibody drugs, the antibody-based therapies have gradually expanded from the cancer and autoimmune diseases to metabolic and infectious diseases and so on. However, the development of antibody-based anti-infective drugs is much slower as there are only two kinds of drugs in the market. This is due to the complex infective mechanism of viruses, bacteria and other pathogens, and the monovalent character of monoclonal antibodies that greatly limit the anti-infection effect of antibody drugs. The development and application of novel technologies, such as recombinant polyclonal antibody technology, will greatly accelerate the development of antibody-based anti-infection drugs. This article will introduce the application and trends in the development of antibody-based drugs in the field of anti-infection therapy.

China ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Public Health

In recent years, with the rapid development of antibody drugs, the antibody-based therapies have gradually expanded from the cancer and autoimmune diseases to metabolic and infectious diseases and so on. However, the development of antibody-based anti-infective drugs is much slower as there are only two kinds of drugs in the market. This is due to the complex infective mechanism of viruses, bacteria and other pathogens, and the monovalent character of monoclonal antibodies that greatly limit the anti-infection effect of antibody drugs. The development and application of novel technologies, such as recombinant polyclonal antibody technology, will greatly accelerate the development of antibody-based anti-infection drugs. This article will introduce the application and trends in the development of antibody-based drugs in the field of anti-infection therapy.
Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Drug Design ; Humans

Bone Cysts ; diagnosis ; Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sphenoid Bone ; pathology

Objective To establish normal reference indexes of aorta during gestation and cut-points for detection of fetuses with coarctation of aorta.Methods From long-axis views of the aortic arch,the internal diameter of the aortic root,ascending aorta,transverse aortic arch,aortic isthmus,descending aorta,anonyma,left common carotid artery,left subclavian artery were measured in 234 normal fetuses at different time ranging from 14 to 41 weeks during gestation.Reference values of each aortic segment were constructed by linear regression analysis.The ratio of each aortic segment to the ascending aorta were calculated.ResultsThe internal diameter in each aortic segments increased as pregnancy progressed (P<0.01).In the prenatal diagnosis of fetus with coarctation of the aorta,the ratio of the aortic isthmus to the ascending aorta and descending aorta to the ascending aorta were significantly lower than the normal fetuses(all P<0.01).Conclusions The ratio of the aortic isthmus to the ascending aorta and ratio of descending aorta to the ascending aorta detected by echocardiography may be helpful in the prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of aorta.

Objective To analyze the effect of bortezomib together with dexamethsone on the treatment of refractory multiple myeloma.Methods Bortezomib at 1.3 mg/m2 iv drop 1 d,4 d,8 d,11 d.Dexamethasonc 20 mg/d,1～4 d,8～11 d,17～20 d.21 days are used as a course.For bi-course dexamethasone was given by 20 mg/d,at 1～4 d.Results After 2～6 periods,3 cases achieved completely recovery(CR),4 cases are near to completely recovery(CR),3 cases got partially recovery(PR).Conclusion It is a good choice to treat refractory multiple myeloma by Bortezomib together with dexamethagone.

Objective To establish a stable cell line secreting human IgE Cε2-4 protein, and in-vestigate the binding capacity of receptor FcεR Ⅰ Methods The E24 gene was derived from SKO-O07 cell line, and was then cloned into pcDNA3.1 (+) (signal peptides were synthesized and fused at the 5'-end of E24 gene) or pCMV-L vector. After transient transfection into 293T cell, the secreted F24 protein was ana-lyzed by sandwich ELISA. The best vector was chosen to be transfected into CHO cells with LipofectAMI-NETM 2000 reagent. After being selected by G418 and subcloned three times by limited-dilution method, two stable cell lines were established. E24 gene was amplified by RT-PCR, and the E24 protein in the superna-tant was identified by ELISA. Besides, the binding capacity of FceR ⅠⅡ was analyzed by flow cytometry method. Results Three mammalian expression vector SP-E24-F3. 1, SP lI-E24-P3.1 and E24-PL were constructed and transient transfected to 293T cells. The output of E24 protein in the supernatant were 19.1, 19.4 and 8.7 μg/ml, respectively. Then the vector SP IX-E24-P3.1 was transfected into CHO cells. Final-ly, two single clones secreting E24 protein were stably obtained. The output of E24 were all at least 25 μg/ml. RT-PCR could detect the E24 gene from one of the two clones. Furthermore, flow cytometry results showed that E24 could bind the receptor in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Two stable cell line se- creting E24 protein were obtained, while E24 could specifically bind FcεR Ⅰ.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fluoroscopy guided frequency-doubled double-pulsed laser lithotripsy for removing difficult bile duct stones. Methods From March 2008 to December 2009, patients with difficult bile duct stones were divided into cholangioscopy guided group ( n = 21 )and fluoroscopy guided group ( n = 19) to receive corresponding treatments. The success rate of complete stone removal and the complication rate related to the procedure were compared between the two groups.Results There are no significant differences between 2 groups in regarding of either success rate of complete stone removal ( 19/21, 90. 5% in cholangioscopy guided group vs. 17/19, 89. 5% in fluoroscopy guided group, P ＞0. 05 ) or rate of procedure related complication (4/21, 19. 0% in cholangioscopy guided group vs. 3/19, 15. 8% in fluoroscopic guided group, P = 0. 559 ). Conclusion Frequency-doubled doublepulsed laser lithotripsy guided by cholangioscopy or fluoroscopy are both safe and effective.

Objectiye To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of (endoscopic sphincterotomy, EST) plus balloon dilation for difficult bile duct stones. Methods Patients with difficult common bile duct stones on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) from March 2008 to December 2009 were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive EST or EST plus balloon dilation ( EST + EPBD), respectively. The success rate of complete stone removal, number of endoscopic sessions, the rate of using mechanical lithotripsy and the complication rate related to the procedure were compared between the 2 groups. Results Compared with EST alone, EST plus balloon dilation resulted in similar outcomes in terms of overall successful stone removal rate (2/62 vs. 2/61 ) and early complication rate (4/62 vs. 6/61, P ＞0. 05). However,EST group needed more sessions ( EST 15/46 vs. EST + EPBD 5/57, P ＜0. 05) and use of mechanical lithotripsy to achieve complete removal of stones ( EST 12/61 vs. EST + EPBD 4/61, P ＜0. 05 ). Conclusion EST plus balloon dilation is as safe and effective as, but more convenient than EST, for endoscopic removal of common bile duct stones.

China ; Epidemiology ; education ; Teaching ; methods