Objective To investigate the etiology and provide data for clinical treatment and therapeutic assessment of congenital clubfoot(CCF) via neuroelectrophysiology on motor and sensory nerves and ultrastructure of sural nerve.Methods Totally 248 patients diagnosed with CCF(338 clubfeet) were studied.Motor nerve conduction velocity(MCV),sensory nerve conduction velocity(SCV) and wave amplitude were detected for any changes.An ultra-structural study of sural nerve ramification was also conducted in 36 patients(36 clubfeet) under electron microscope.The correlation between deformity degree,nerve conduction abnormality and therapeutic outcomes was analyzed.Results The motor nerve conduction in 291 clubfeet(86.1%) and the sensory nerve conduction in 252 clubfeet(74.6%) were found with different degrees of abnormalities such as prolonged latency,declined/disappeared wave amplitude,etc.The ultrastructural observation of sural nerve ramification demonstrated abnormalities in all the 36 cases,showing proliferation of myelin sheath in peripheral myelinated nerve fibers,formation of vacuoles,segmental demyelinating lesions and so on.Part of axial cord was squeezed by the proliferated myelin sheath,which resulted in disappearance of axoplasm.The correlation study showed that as deformity became more severe,the nerve conduction abnormality was more evident,requiring more complicated treatments,and the therapeutic outcomes were less satisfactory.Statistical analysis by Mantel-Haenszel method showed that:① the abnormality rate of motor nerve in different types of CCF is signifi-cantly different(?2=32.31,P

Lacking of objective referential data resources,current domestic psychotherapeutic practice is mainly based on verbal communications and associated subjective means,which elucidates the limitations to its effectiveness including discrepancies between individual patients and low repeatability.With modern technological advancement,psychotherapeutic devices have been invented to change this situation.This paper gives review of the development in this field,and proposes a practical categorization method.Besides,further development of this area is prospected.

Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Ethylene Glycol ; blood ; Humans

Humans ; Isoniazid ; blood ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Azabicyclo Compounds ; blood ; Humans ; Piperazines ; blood ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Acetamides ; blood ; Chromatography, Gas ; Humans

Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Humans ; Ibuprofen ; blood

Chlormezanone ; blood ; poisoning ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; blood ; Humans

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Humans ; Manganese ; urine ; Potentiometry ; methods