Marine organism is important source of antineoplastic active substance,sponge is the secondly larger amount of organism source besides coral in the ocean. In recent decade, several high antineoplastic active substances with novel structure are abstracted and identified from different kinds of sponges. These discovers reveal bright prospect of research and development. This article summarized antineoplastic active sponge abstracts and their synthesis derivative which still in the clinical trials,their origins and the research development of their chemical composition and pharmacological action.

Humans ; Tinnitus ; diagnosis ; therapy

Humans ; Noise, Occupational ; Occupational Exposure

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on expression of interleu?kin-6 (IL-6) in human macrophages and explore its pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic mecha?nisms. METHODS Murine U937 macrophages were cultured and stimulated with 0.01-10μmol·L-1 of NE for 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 h. The IL-6 mRNA level of 24 h was analyzed by RT-PCR, and IL-6 protein expression in the supernatant at 0, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 h was detected by ELISA. After 24 h, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was observed by DCF fluorescence. The cells were pretreated with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), complexⅡinhibitor thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TIFA) and NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) for 1 h, and stimulated with different concentrations of NE for 24 h, before the level of IL-6 protein was detected by ELISA. RESULTS The expression of IL-6 mRNA and protein increased with the concentration NE 0.01-10 μmol · L-1 and incubation time. IL-6 mRNA and protein levels in macrophages were 2.62 and 4.47-fold those in cell control group when treated with NE 1.0μmol·L-1 for 24 h. Meanwhile, as the concentration of NE increased, the generation of ROS was 1.87, 2.56, 2.91 and 5.36-fold that of cell control group (P<0.01). NAC 10 mmol · L-1 and DPI 10 μmol · L-1 significantly antagonized the effect of NE on IL-6 expression, but TIFA had no effect. CONCLUSION NE upregulates IL-6 expression, which may contribute to the formation and develop?ment of atherosclerosis via ROS mediated by NADPH oxidase in macrophages.

Objective To assess the value of serum N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-Pro-BNP) in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure(CHF) and evaluation of cardiac function in children with ventricular septal defect (VSD).Methods Fifty one children were enrolled from March 2004 to March 2005.NT-Pro-BNP was measured by enzyme immunoassay technique.At the same time,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular shortening fraction(LVFS) were detected with echocardiography.Results The data of NT-Pro-BNP were showed but the logarithms of which were normal distribution.The values of NT-Pro-BNP were developed successively along with the severity of cardiac function.But there was no difference between the group of no heart failure and mild heart failure.But the values of LVEF and LVFS had no differences in the control,the mild and the moderate heart failure and the same time all of which beyond the standard of diagnosing heart failure.NT-Pro-BNP could reflect the degree of heart failure or cardiac function (r=0.826).But LVEF and LVFS can not reflect the degree of the cardiac function.Conclusions NT-Pro-BNP can reflect the degree of the cardiac function in VSD,and the degree of the heart failure can be classed by the levels of serum NT-Pro-BNP.But the value of LVEF and LVFS can not reflect the degree of the heart failure in the same disease.

Animals ; Herpesviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Herpesviridae Infections ; virology ; Humans ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

AIM: To evaluate visual acuity outcomes after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD).METHODS: We reviewed the medical documents of the patients who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation surgery during June 2013 and January 2016.Totally 61 eyes of 48 patients with wAMD in the stable stage were recruited.The pre-and post-operative vision of selected cases were recorded and compared.RESULTS: After phacoemulsification and intralocular lens implantation, visual acuity changes were as follows: 49 eyes improved, 11 eyes retained, and 1 eye deteriorated.Visual acuity improvement after cataract surger were statistically significant (P<0.001).Visual acuity improvement was not related to age.CONCLUSION: Visual acuity improved in patients with wet AMD after phacoemulcification and intraocular lens implantation.

Glioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; pathology

In this article,from the view of the cognitive structure,we talk about the role of transfer of learning in medical innovative education,and propose the strategies on how to increase the positive transfer of learning through the rational organization of teaching contents,improved teaching methods,highlighting the dominant status of student to raise innovative talents.

This study is to investigate the effect of artesunate on transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its possible mechanism. After the in vitro cultured RLE-6TN cells were treated with TGF-beta1 then artesunate intervened on it, after 24 h, expression of the markers of mesenchymal cell was assayed using Western blotting and real-time PCR analysis. Western blotting was also used to detect the effect of TGF-beta1 on the Smad3 and Smad7 expressions of RLE-6TN cells. Morphological alterations were examined by phase-contrast microscope, and ultrastructure changes by electron microscope. Incubation of RLE-6TN cells with TGF-beta1 resulted in the up-regulation of the expression of the mesenchymal cell markers, after artesunate intervened on it, resulted in the down-regulation of the expression. Meanwhile, incubation with artesunate intervened on RLE-6TN cells could lead to the apparent down-regulation of the expression of Smad3 and up-regulation of Samd7 and the transition of RLE-6TN cells to mesenchymal-like by TGF-beta1 induction, after artesunate intervened on it, RLE-6TN cells to epithelial-like. TGF-beta1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition process; artesunate can inhibit TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, the possible mechanism is up-regulation of the expression of Smad7 and down-regulation of the expression of Smad3, meanwhile inhibits phosphorylation of Smad3.