· AIM: To analyze the pathogeny of corneal endotheliitis and to investigate the causes of its misdiagnosis and the key to treatment.endotheliitis presented with predisposing factors, clinical manifestations and treatment were analyzed retrospectively.junctiviis, and the other 7 were misdiagnosed as acute close-angle glaucoma, glaucomatocyclitic crisis, inflammatory reaction after cataract extracapsular extraction and IOL implantation, disciform stromal keratitis and iridocyclitis, respectively. All the 7 cases were cured through treatment, and recurrence appeared in 1 case.unclear yet. Properly grasping its features and key points for differential diagnosis and seriously and detailed examining patients will benefit to timely diagnosis. After clinical treatment, maintaining treatment for more than 4wk will lower the recurrence of corneal endotheliitis.

AIM: To observe the clinical features of glaucomatocyclitic crisis and to investigate its pathogenesis, diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.METHODS: The clinical data of 15 cases (15 eyes) subjected to glaucomatocyclitic crisis were retrospectively analyzed including clinical manifestation and treatment.RESULTS: Visual field was normal in 13 eyes, and 2eyes had glaucomatous visual field defects. C/D ratio was ≤0.3 in 10 eyes and ≥0.6 in 2 eyes. Through pharmacotherapy the symptoms in 14 eyes disappeared after 2wk. One eye was diagnosed as being complicated by primary open-angle glaucoma and well treated with surgery.CONCLUSION: Glaucomatocyclitic crisis is a kind of ocular syndrome with unknown pathogenesis. It should be differentiated from primary glaucoma and uveitis clinically. Its prognosis is not absolutely benign, and the patients should be followed up regularly.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound in typing of epididymal tuberculosis on the clinical treatment . Methods The sonographic characteristics and treatment outcomes were analyzed in 125 patients with epididymal tuberculosis . Results In 125 patients with epididymal tuberculosis ,5 types were divided:( 1 ) Diffusive type ( 37 cases ) presented images of the epididymal diffuse enlargement , abnormal shape ,not smooth surface and inhomogeneous reduced in echogenicity ,13 cases were treated conservatively and 24 cases underwent surgical treatment after failure of conservative treatment . (2) Mass type (24 cases) showed images of hypoechoic mass lesion of caput epididymidis or cauda epididymidis ,4 cases were treated with surgical operation and 20 cases were treat with conservative therapy . (3) Abscess type ( 33 cases) manifested images of irregular liquid anechoic of caput epididymidis and cauda epididymidis , poor ultrasound penetration ,and unclear border . (4) Ulcer‐fistula type (9 cases) revealed images of liquid hypoechoic caput epididymidis or cauda epididymidis extend to the surface of the scrotum . ( 5) Testicular involvement type (22 cases) detected inhomogeneous hypoechoic mass lesion within the testicle and unclear border . The patients of abscess type ,ulcer‐fistula type and testicular involvement type were all treated surgically . Conclusions Ultrasonic diagnosis of epididymal tuberculosis provided a reliable basis for clinical treatment scheme and it was worth recommending .

Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1/IL-37b and analyze the expression of IL-37 gene in THP-1 cells. Methods Total RNA was extracted from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PB-MCs) and the coding region of IL-37b gene was amplified by RT-qPCR. Then, the gene was cloned into pEGFP-N1 eu-karyotic expression vector. After transfected the recombinant plasmid into THP-1 cells, the expression of IL-37 was detec-ted by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results Double restriction enzyme digestion and gene sequencing showed that IL-37b gene was correctly inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1. RT-qPCR and Western blot showed that the IL-37 expression level was increased significantly (P<0. 01) after transfection in THP-1 cells. Conclusions We successful-ly constructed a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-37 eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1/IL-37b, which lays a foun-dation for further study on IL-37 functions and its association with related diseases.

AlM:To evaluate the efficacy of combined pranoprofen eye drops and artificial tears on the treatment of mild to moderate dry eye syndrome after trabbeculectomy.METHODS:This prospective case control study included 63 cases (63 eyes) of patients with mild to moderate dry eye syndrome after trabbeculectomy in our hospital from November 2013 to June 2013. All subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Observation group was treated with combined pranoprofen eye drops and artificial tears and control group received simple artificial tears marking the eyes at 1, 2, 4wk. The patient's symptoms, signs, BUT, S▏t, and FL were observed before treatment and 1, 2, 4wk after treatment.RESULTS: After 2wk, the symptoms of observation group were improved, there was statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). FL difference of each group was statistically significant ( P<0. 05 ); After 4wk, symptoms and signs were improved. There was statistically significant difference ( P < 0. 05 ). The BUT of the observation group and corneal FL scores of two groups showed significant differences (P<0. 05). CONCLUSlON: Artificial tears joint pranoprofen eye drops has good curative effect in the treatment of mild to moderate dry eye syndrome after trabbeculectomy.

Objective To investigate the MRI and echocardiography manifestations of noncompaction of ventricular myocardium(NVM)and assess the role of MRI in the diagnosis of NVM by comparing it with echocardiography.Methods Fourteen cases of NVM diagnosed by echocardiography were examined with MRI,including scanning of black-blood sequences,double inversion recovery fast spin echo (DIRFSE)and triple inversion recovery fast spin echo(TIRFSE),and white blood sequence:fast imaging employ steady state acquisition(FIESTA).Scanning plane includes short axis view,four-chamber view and long axis view.Results Both MRI and echocardiography displayed involvement of left ventricles in thirteen cases and involvement of double ventricles in one case.Apexes of heart and the intermedius are commonly affected.MRI showed 54 segments and echocardiography showed 53 segments affected,and there is no significant difference between the capability of MRI and echocardiography(P=1.000).The affected myocardium consisted of two layers:subendoeardial noncompacted myocardium and epicardial compacted myocardium,and the ratio measurement of N/C by MRI was 3.37?0.89 and it was 3.19?0.82 by echocardiography.Noncompacted myocardium was characterized by prominent and excessive myocardial trabeculations and deep intratrabecular recesses,in which the blood flow was communicated with the ventricle.One case was complicated with ventricular aneurysm,and coronary arteriography was performed with unremarkable findings.One case underwent heart transplantation because of progressive heart failure, Gross findings demonstrated prominent muscular trabeculations with deep intratrabecular recesses,which coincided well with MRI findings.Conclusion The MRI manifestation of NVM is characteristic,and MRI with multiple series and planes is helpful in the diagnose of NVM.Compared with echoeardiography,MRI could display the pathological cardiac muscle more clearly,because of its high soft-tissue resolution and spatial resolution.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of enriched rehabilitative training on the functional recovery and neuronal dentritic growth following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.Methods32 male Wistar rats,weighting 180～200 g,were randomly divided into a ischemic group(n=16) and a sham-operation group(n=16) after beforehand trainings.Rats were subjected to 2 h of right middle cerebral artery occlusion before reperfusion.After surgery,the ischemic group were randomly divided into a ischemia + enrichment(IE) group and a ischemia + standard housing(IS) group;the sham-operation group were randomly divided into a sham + enrichment(SE) group and a sham + standard housing(SS) group.After 24 h reperfusion,IE and SE groups were housed in enriched cages,and given enriched rehabilitative training according to the scheme.At the same time,IS and SS groups were housed in standard cages without any training.The functions of 4 groups were evaluated at 24 h,1 week,2 weeks,3 weeks and 4 week after operation.Dentritic growth of layer V pyramidal cells of the undamaged forelimb motor cortex was examined using Golgi-Cox procedure.ResultsIE group showed better function than IS group in all behavioral test.There was no significant difference in limb-placement test at 3 weeks(P>0.05) and in footfault test at 4 weeks(P>0.05) after operation between IE and SE group.The mean of basilar dentrite branching points in IE group was significantly greater than that of other groups(P<0.01).ConclusionEnriched rehabilitative training can promote functional recovery and enhance neural plasticity after cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion in rats.

Objective To study intermediate and long term efficacy of uterine arterial embolization (UAE)with sodium alginate microspheres(KMG)at diameters 500-700μm in treatment of diffuse adenomyosis.Methods Totally 40 patients with standard difluse adenomyosis were enrolled and treated with UAE.KMG at diameters 500-700 μm for vascular embolization were used to embolize the arteries.The degree of dysmenorrhea,amount of menorrhea and uterine volume,as well as the level of serum CA125,follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2)were investigated before andafter UAE.Results The follow up rates were 100%(40/40),100%(40/40),80%(32/40),68%(27/40),58%(23/40)after uterine arterial UAE 12,24,36,48 and 60 months respectively.The early,intermediate and long-term effective rates were 90%(36/40),88%(28/32),83%(19/23).The degree of dysmenorrhea,the amount of menorrhea and the uterine volume,as well as serum CA125 all decreased significantly 3 mouths after UAE at varying degrees(P＜0.05).Compared with other follow-up time,thedegree of dysmenorrhea and the amount of menorrhea declined to their lowest point at 6 month after UAE (P＜0.01).Paralleled with the decrease of volume of uterine,serum CA125 also decreased significantly and reached the lowest level 12 months later compared with other follow-up times(P＜0.01).Even at the 12th month after UAE serum CA125was not normal and FSH,LH and E2 did not change all the times after UAE(P>0.05).No recurrence was found during the 60 months after UAE.Condusion KMG used in UAE at diameters 500-700 μm has good intermediate and long term effectiveness in treatment of diffuse adenomyosis with no side effects.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether aldosterone infusion induces glomerular or podocyte injury in rats and to evaluate the effects of eplerenoen (EPL), andodipine (CCB) and telmisartan (ARB) on aldosterone- induced injury. MethodsThirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: control, subcutaneous infusion of aldosterone (1.5 μg/h, ALD group) and aldosterone infusion plus eplerenone (100 mg·kg-1·d-1, EPL group), amlodipine(10 nag·kg-1·d-1 CCB group), telmisartan (3 mg·kg-1·d-1, ARB group), respectively. Systolic blood pressure(SBP) and urinary albumin excretion ratio(UAER) were measured at day 0, 7, 14, 21, 28. Blood samples were harvested to detect plasma angiotensin Ⅱ, plasma aldosterone, serum sodium, serum potassium and serum creatinine at day 28. Glomerular damge was quantified by morphological glomerular injury score (GIS). Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were performed to evaluate podocyte lesion, and apoptosis ratio of pedocyte (ARP) in a glomerular cross section was analyzed by TUNEL. ResultsALD infusion progressively increased SBP and UAER compared with CTL (P＜0.01). SBP was significantly reduced in EPL, CCB or ARB-treated animals, meanwhile, UAER was decreased in EPL and ARB group, but not in CCB group. The ALD-infused rats exibited hypernatremia and hypopotassaemia, which were blocked by EPL adminstration but not by CCB or ARB treatment. ARB group had a significant increase in plasma angiotensin Ⅱ compared with ALD, CCB and EPL groups(P＜0.01). The ALD-infused animals developed hyperaldosteronemia compared with CTL, but with no difference of plasma aldosterone among ALD, EPL, CCB and ARB-treated rats. Treatment with EPL prevented an increase of GIS and ARP compared with CCB and ARB (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Protein and mRNA expression of nephfin was up-regulated in ALD group (P＜ 0.01), but was significantly prevented by EPL treatment(P＜0.01), whereas CCB and ARB therapy had no such effect. Conclusion ALD infusion significantly induces glomerular and pedocyte injury which is blocked by EPL but not by CCB or ARB independently on systemic hemodynamics.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of liver X receptor ( LXR ) agonist on expression of fatty acid synthase( FAS) in diabetic kidney. Methods In the part of in vivo study, immunostaining was used to detect the FAS protein expression in kidney. 16-week-old male db/db mice on C57BL/6 background were administered via gavage a LXR synthetic agonist, TO901317, at a dose of 3 mg · kg-1 · d-1 or vehicle ( 0. 5%Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium, CMC-Na) alone for 7 d;Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein levels of FAS and SREBP-1. In the part of in vitro study, MCT cell(a mouse murine proximal tubule cell line)was treated with 10μmol/L TO901317 for 24 h or transfected with active SREBP-1c expression vector (SREBP-1cN). HEK293 cells(a human renal tubule cell line)were transfected with mFAS-(1. 7 kb)-luc, LXR expression vector or SREBP-1cN for 12 h. Quantitative RT-PCR and luciferase reproter assay were utilized to examine FAS mRNA level and FAS promoter activity. Results FAS was abundantly expressed in renal cortex, with low expresson in renal glomeruli. The mRNA and protein expressious of FAS in kidney of db/db mice were lowered compared with db/m mice. TO90137 treatment increased FAS mRNA expression by 1. 3-fold. TO901317 increased expression of SREBP-1 in kidneys of db/m and db/db mice by 5. 1-fold and 17-fold, respectively. TO901317 and overexpression of SREBP-1c increased expression of FAS in MCT cells by 1. 5-fold and 1. 8-fold. Transcription activity of FAS were induced by TO901317, LXR, and SREBP-1cN overexpressions in HEK293 cells. Conclusions Both direct(LXRE)and indirect(SREBP-1c)mechanisms may contribute to the up-regulation of FAS expression by LXR in renal proximal tubule cells.