Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Selenomethionine ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

With the active encouragement of the Chinese government, all domestic clinical research institutes pay more attention to the human research protect program (HRPP) during the process of clinical trials, and actively follow the regulations of medical ethical practice. We could make fully preparation for the accreditation by the correlated international organizations only by further analyzing the Association for Accreditation of Human Research Protection Program (AAHRPP) from a whole and in each accreditation field at different levels, thus having a clear understanding the difference in acknowledging the difference between China's hospitals and America's hospitals.
Accreditation ; China ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Public Policy ; United States

OBJECTIVETo study the incidence of injuries among residents living in the communities in Zhejiang.

METHODSA household questionnaire survey was conducted to 16 899 residents in four communities.

RESULTSThe incidence of injuries was 16.11% in total, higher in urban area than in rural area and higher in men than in women. The leading causes of injuries were falls (4.80%), knife-cutting or by sharp articles (3.86%), traffic accident (2.07%), collision (1.99%), scalds (1.13%) and animal bites (1.06%). Peak incidence of age group was different in different injuries, such as traffic accident was high in 45 - 60 age group and falls was high in 5 and 60 age group. Direct economic loss for each case with injury would cost 324.21 RMB yuan.

CONCLUSIONInjury was common and frequently occurred among residents at the community level which seriously on danger their health and families.

Accidental Falls ; statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Bites and Stings ; epidemiology ; Burns ; epidemiology ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Community Health Services ; Dogs ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology ; mortality

Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most effective formulation approaches to enhance the water solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, maintenance of physical stability of amorphous drug is one of the main challenges in the development of ASD. Crystallization is a process of nucleation and crystal growth. The nucleation is the key factor that influences the physical stability of the ASD. However, a theoretical framework to describe the way to inhibit the nucleation of amorphous drug is not yet available. We reviewed the methods and theories of nucleation for amorphous drug. Meanwhile, we also summarized the research progress on the mechanism of additives influence on nucleation and environmental factors on nucleation. This review aims to enhance the better understanding mechanism of nucleation of amorphous drug and controlling over the crystal nucleation during the ASD formulation development.

BACKGROUNDConnective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a secreted protein containing several domains that mediate interactions with growth factors, integrins and extracellular matrix components. CTGF plays an important role in extracellular matrix production by its ability to mediate collagen deposition during wound healing. CTGF also induces neovascularization in vitro, suggesting a role in angiogenesis in vivo. We herein evaluated whether CTGF was required for extracellular matrix synthesis of meniscal fibrochondrocytes and/or angiogenesis during the repair of meniscal tears.

METHODSMeniscal fibrochondrocytes were isolated from the inner-1/2 of rabbit meniscus by trypsin collagenase treatment and further treated with 100 ng/ml CTGF in vitro. Characterization of fibrochondrocytes was identified by flow cytometry analyzing CD31, CD44, CD45 and CD105, and was further tested by type II collagen immunocytochemistry. Changes in gene expression of meniscal fibrochondrocytes were monitored by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Histological sections prepared from a 3-mm portion of a longitudinal tearing defect in the middle of the rabbit meniscus were subjected to fluorescence-immunohistochemistry analysis at 1, 4 and 10 weeks following surgical treatment with 1.5 µg of CTGF/fibrin-glue composites.

RESULTSQuantitative RT-PCR assay showed that types I and II collagen and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression in the 100 ng/ml CTGF group were remarkably enhanced as compared to levels in the no-dose group at 14 days ((2.38 ± 0.63) fold, (2.96 ± 0.87) fold, (2.14 ± 0.56) fold, respectively). Likewise, fluorescence-immunohistochemical analysis revealed that in the group implanted with CTGF-fibrin glue, types I and II collagen, as well as the capillaries, completely filled the defect by 10 weeks, postoperatively. In contrast, only soft tissue repair occurred when PBS-fibrin glue was implanted.

CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that CTGF can significantly promote extracellular matrix deposition (types I and II collagen) within the meniscal avascular zone; CTGF can greatly heighten the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor activity simultaneously in vivo, further enhancing the repair of meniscal tears in the avascular zone.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes ; cytology ; Collagen Type I ; metabolism ; Collagen Type II ; metabolism ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; cytology ; Rabbits ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the correlation between programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in primary lung cancer cells, tumor associated macrophages (TAM) and patients' clinicopathological characteristics.

METHODSFrom 2008 to 2010, 208 non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent surgery or CT-guided biopsy were recruited from Huadong Hospital, Fudan University. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to evaluate the PD-L1 expression in both primary lung cancer cells and CD68 positive TAM. The relationship between PD-L1 expression and the clinical pathology was evaluated using χ(2) test. Spearman's rank correlations were used to determine the correlation between PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and macrophages.

RESULTSPositive PD-L1 expression in primary cancer cells was found in 136 (65.3%) patients, which were negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.009) and smoking history (P=0.036). Besides, TAM with PD-L1 expression (found in 116 patients) was positively associated with smoking history (P=0.034), well-differentiation (P=0.029) and negative lymph node metastasis (P=0.0096). A correlation between PD-L1 expression in primary tumor cells and non-small cell lung cancer associated macrophages was found (r=0.228, P=0.021).

CONCLUSIONPD-L1, secreted from TAM, might induce cancer cells apoptosis, and decrease lymph node metastasis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Apoptosis ; B7-H1 Antigen ; secretion ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; secretion ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; secretion ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Macrophages ; pathology ; secretion ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to explore the scene-trait coping style of military rescuers in Wenchuan earthquake in an effort to provide scientific evidences for mental intervention program for Chinese military personnel.

METHODSBy cluster sampling, a total of 151 military rescuers and 331 control servicemen were administered the military personnel scene-trait coping style scale (MPSTCSS).

RESULTSAll active coping factor scores, and passive coping factor scores of affection, health and economy in the rescuer group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). The 21-above age subgroup, the 3-year plus service subgroup, and the officer subgroup had significantly higher active coping factor scores on military tasks, military experience and personal development than those of the 21-below age subgroup, 3-year minus service subgroup and the soldier subgroup, respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe earthquake relief servicemen can cope with stressful situations better than control group by taking active coping style. The officers, servicemen older than 21 years, and servicemen with more service duration than 3 years could usually take active coping style.

Adaptation, Psychological ; Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; psychology ; Stress, Psychological

OBJECTIVETo investigate the invasive biologic behavior of ameloblastoma (AB) and to analyze its correlative factors.

METHODSThe specimens of 43 cases of AB (primary AB 16 cases, recurrent AB 21 cases, malignant AB 6 cases) were examined immunohistochemically using the streptavidin-biotin method to determine the expression of E-cadherin (E-cad), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

RESULTSThe cells in malignant AB scattered more, grew invasively, and the basal membrane ruptured or lost. The expression of E-cad in AB descended, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were strongly expressed in the epithelia cells of 28/41, 30/43 cases of AB, respectively. The positive rate and intensity of VEGF increased as AB recurred and transformed malignantly. The expression of E-cad, MMP-9 and VEGF were related to recurrence or malignant transformation of AB (r(s) = 0.309, 0.519, 0.381, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAB is a high invasive tumor. The biological behavior of AB is related to lost or abnormal expression of E-cad, the high expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ameloblastoma ; chemistry ; pathology ; Cadherins ; analysis ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Jaw Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; analysis ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; analysis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this review is to discuss some critical issues of isoflavones protective against the development of prostate cancer (PCa).

DATA SOURCESData cited in this review were obtained primarily from PubMed and Embase from 1975 to 2015.

STUDY SELECTIONArticles were selected with the search terms "isoflavone", "Phytoestrogen", "soy", "genistin", and "PCa ".

RESULTSIsoflavones do not play an important role on prostate-specific antigen levels reduction in PCa patients or healthy men. The effect of isoflavones on sex hormone levels and PCa risk may be determined by equol converting bacteria in the intestine, specific polymorphic variation and concentrations of isoflavones. The intake of various types of phytoestrogens with lower concentrations in the daily diet may produce synergistic effects against PCa. Moreover, prostate tissue may concentrate isoflavones to potentially anti-carcinogenic levels. In addition, it is noteworthy that isoflavones may act as an agonist in PCa.

CONCLUSIONSIsoflavones play a protective role against the development of PCa. However, careful consideration should be given when isoflavones are used in the prevention and treatment of PCa.

Humans ; Isoflavones ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Phytoestrogens ; therapeutic use ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo study the oncogene transcriptor c-myc, stimulatory protein 1 (SP1) expression in ameloblastoma (AB) and their relation with telomerase reverse transcripase (hTERT), and to investigate the clinical biological characteristics of AB.

METHODSThe expression was observed in AB by in situ hybridization and SP method.

RESULTSThe positive rates of c-myc mRNA, hTERT mRNA and SP1 protein were 81.5% (44/54), 94.4% (51/54) and 83.3% (45/54), respectively. Their positive rates increased as AB recurred and transformed malignantly. A strong correlation was found between hTERT and c-myc, hTERT and SP1 (rs = 0.853, P < 0.001; rs = 0.900, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONActivity of telomerase plays an important role in the tumorigenesis development of AB. Increasing of hTERT expression may be related to c-myc and SP1. The expression of these three parameters has a significant correlation with the clinical biological characteristics of AB.

Ameloblastoma ; metabolism ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; metabolism ; Sp1 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Telomerase ; metabolism