A method of observation, examination and record was introduced in this paper, which was applicable for microorganism materials (example : bacteria, yeast moulds), animal and plant materials (example: animal tissue, flowers), bio-masromolecule (example: starch), industrial crystals, metallograph tests and general physics tests, through the hyphae, spores, spore sacs, expanding hyphae in fermentation and riboflavin crystals of E. ashbyii T30 (a riboflavin high-yield strain) had been observed.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of laminin and laminin-receptor in pulmonary carcinoma and cancer metastasis as well as prognosis.Methods Techniques of immune histochemistry were used.Results The higher the pathological grade of pulmonary carcinoma was, the higher the level of expression of laminin was. There were significant differences betweenⅠgrade group andⅡgrade group and Ⅲ grade group and Ⅳ grade group. The expression of laminin was also related to lymph node metastasis (P

Calcium Pyrophosphate ; metabolism ; Cartilage, Articular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chondrocalcinosis ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gout ; pathology ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis ; etiology ; pathology ; Radiography

Animals ; Arthritis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans

Objective To research the expression and clinical significance of SALL 4 gene in cervical cancer .Methods The ex-pression of SALL4 in 56 samples of cervical cancer and 35 samples of normal cervical tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR ,and its relationship with the clinicopathological characteristics of cervical cancer was analyzed .Results The expres-sion of SALL4 mRNA was 2 .56 ± 0 .22 in cervical cancer tissues ,which was significantly higher than 0 .38 ± 0 .03 in the normal cer-vical tissues .the difference between them had statistical significance(t=58 .1 ,P<0 .01);the positive expression rate of SALL4 pro-tein was 80 .4% (45/56) in cervical cancer ,which was significantly higher than 11 .4% (4/35) in the normal cervical tissues (χ2 =41 .177 ,P<0 .01) .The positive expression of SALL4 in the cervical cancer tissues was correlated with the differentiation status of tumor ,which in the middle and high differentiation groups was lower than that in the low differentiation group (χ2 =4 .226 ,P=0 .039) ,but had no correlation with age ,International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage ,tumor size ,pathologi-cal type and lymph node metastasis(P>0 .05) .Conclusion SALL4 is highly expressed in the cervical cancer tissues and correlated with the tumor differentiation ,which might play an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer .

Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; methods ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Survival Rate ; Tamoxifen ; therapeutic use

Objective To measure the temperature sensation threshold of trunk skin in healthy adults. Methods The threshold of cold sensation, warm sensation, cold pain sensation and heat pain sensation of trunk skin key points (T3, T7 and T11) were measured with Thermal Sensory Analyzer in 123 healthy adults. Results The thresholds of cold, warm, cold pain and heat pain sensations were obtained. The standard deviation of cold and warm threshold was less than that of heat pain. The range of cold sensation threshold was the largest. The heat pain sensation threshold increased with segmental declining and the sensation threshold increased with age. Conclusion Normal reference value should be established variously with the segment and age. The threshold of cold, warm varies less, while the threshold of cold pain and heat pain varies too much.

Objective To examine an in vivo method for the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into thymic epithelial cells (TECs) in mice. Methods Green fluorescent protein-expressing iPS cells, derived from C57BL/6 mice, were injected into blastocysts from ICR mice. Chimeric blastocysts were then transferred into uteri of E2.5 pseudopregnant mice. Chimeric mouse could be identified by coat color 10 days after birth. The chimeric thymus was transplanted under the renal capsule of BALB/c nude mice. The spleen was cut out from the thymus-transplanted nude mice and the cells were dispersed and analyzed by a flow cytometer 4 weeks after transplantation. Results Chimeras were born 17 days after embryo transfer and 13 live-born chimeras were obtained. The contribution of iPSC-derived cells in the chimeras ranged from 5% to at most 90%. Typical thymic epithelium structure consisted of green fluorescent protein-expressing cells in chimera. The iPSCs-derived thymic epithelial cells could support the generation of new T cells. Conclusion The results indicate that mouse iPS cells can differentiate in vivo towards normally functioning TECs.

BACKGROUND:Compared with hydroxyapatite materials and other nano-hydroxyapatite composites, carbon fiber-reinforced nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composites have been significantly improved in the mechanical strength, toughness, elastic modulus and other aspects. It can be used for repairing bone defects of loading parts. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biocompatibility of carbon fiber-reinforced nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composites in bone tissues. METHODS:Eight Bama mini pigs were taken to establish models of thoracic vertebral defects and implanted with carbon fiber-reinforced nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composites. At 8, 16 and 24 weeks after implantation,the animals were sacrificed, respectively, for bone mineral density detection and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Blood samples for kidney and liver function tests were taken before and 1 and 8 weeks after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining of bone samples showed that the materials could bond with the bone defect interface without rejection, and could induce osteogenesis of chondrocytes. At 8 weeks after surgery, the broken ends of cancelous bone closed and the composite material was wrapped by granulation tissues. At 16 weeks after surgery, granulation tissues were organized and new bone developed directly from fibroblast cels. The new bone tissues were nearly fused with the end of cancelous bone. At 24 weeks after surgery, new bone tissue became mature lamelar bone, and the end of cancelous bone was connected tightly with the composite material. Bone mineral density of the implanted vertebra showed an increase trend at 8, 16 and 24 weeks after implantation. Over time, the bone mass was increased. The liver and kidney function tests showed that there was no significant difference before and after implantation. It is preliminarily believed that the carbon fiber-reinforced nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composite has excelent histocompatibility and bioactivity without hepatic toxicity and nephritic toxicity.

Objective To explore the effect of sodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 injection on plasma D-dimer level in patients of advanced esophageal cancer after chemotherapy and the relationship between plasma D-dimer level and clinical pathological parameters thereof. Methods Fifty-eight patients with advanced esophageal cancer confirmed by path-ological examination were randomly divided into two groups. Twenty-nine patients (experimental group) received chemother-apy (PF chemotherapy) combined with sodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 (0.5 mg once daily). Twenty-nine patients (con-trol group) received same volume of saline. And there were 20 healthy volunteers as the normal control. The plasma D-dimer level was determined one day before the first cycle of chemotherapy and the third cycle of treatment. Results The plasma D-dimer level was significantly higher before chemotherapy in patients with advanced esophageal cancer than that in normal control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma D-dimer level between patient gender, age, clinical stage and pathological levels. The D-dimer level was significantly down-regulated after chemotherapy. The D-dimer level was significantly lower in experimental group than that in control group (P<0.05). The incidences of digestive and hemato-logical adverse reactions were much lower in experimental group than those in control group. Conclusion The elevated plasma D-dimer level was found in patients with advanced esophageal cancer, and which was down-regulated by chemother-apy. The chemotherapy of sodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 can further reduce the D-dimer level, and relieve the ad-verse reactions of chemotherapy.