Objective To observe the protective effect of sodium hyaluronate (Na-HA),and its effects on mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) in cartilage of rabbit osteoarthritis (OA) model.Methods Forty eight white rabbits were divided into A,B,C groups randomly.Group A were normal controls,groups B and C were underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT).The rabbits in group B were injected normal saline after ACLT;Group C rabbits received intra-articular 1% sodium hyaluronate (HA) injections 5 weeks after surgery,0.3 ml once a week.At week 11 after the surgery,all rabbits were sacrificed.The cartilage changes on the medial femoral condyles were graded.Cartilage sections were stained with safranin-O and HE,mRNA expression of PPAR-γ was detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (Real Time-PCR).Results Cartilage degeneration in group B was significantly more severe than in groups A and C.The grey value of Safranin-O of B group were higher than groups A and C.Expression of PPAR-γ mRNA in group B was higher than that in groups A and C.Conclusion NaHA has a protective effect on articular cartilage degeneration,and the inhibitory effect on PPAR-γ mRNA expression may be one of the therapeutic mechanism of Na-HA.

Objective To discuss the risks of hypertension development with relation to the level of lipid variables among populations who had normal blood pressure at baseline study. Methods In April 2000, under the support of project "prevention of metabolic syndrome and multi-metabolic disorders in Jiangsu province", a cohort study was performed to obtain the baseline data among 8685 persons from age 34 to 74. In June of 2006, a follow-up investigation was carried out among those who had been in the study for 5 years after the baseline study started. 2603 persons who met the selection criteria and showed normal blood pressure during baseline study, were recruited in this investigation. The interval from the baseline to the follow-up studies was 6.38 years on average. Relationship between the risk of developing hypertension and the baseline level of lipid variables were analyzed. Results Relations between baseline lipid levels and the incidence of hypertension during the follow-up was discovered. In gender and age adjusted model, the lipid variables were all associated with hypertension(Wend test, P<0.01). In multivariable-adjusted model, HDL-C [aRR=0.71 (95%CI: 0.61-0.99)], non-HDL-C [αRR=1.28 (95%CI: 1.14-1.83)], TC/HDL-C ratio[aRR=1.41 (95%CI: 1.25-2.03)] and TG [αRR=1.49(95%CI: 1.30-2.13)] were again associated with hypertension (trend test, P<0.05). Even the αRR was much weakened after the baseline SBP, DBP were adjusted with Cox model, the significant relation of hypertension to HDL-C, TC/HDL-C ratio and TG still existed. Excluding the two factors of obesity (BMI≥28) and diabetes which had been recognized in marked linking with hypertension, lipid variables were still associated with hypertension. Conclusion Dyslipidemia might occur before being hypertensive. Hypertension was associated with HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and TG or even exclusion of obesity, diabetes and factors of smoking and drinking or baseline level of SBP, DBP were adjusted.

As a kind of commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng has a high reputation at home and abroad. The research of ginseng has been expanded to medicine, pharmacy, biology, food science and other fields, with great achievements in recent years. Ginseng contains ginsenosides, volatile oil, carbohydrates, amino acids, polypeptides, inorganic elements and othser chemical constituents. Each component has extensive physiological activity, and is the base of ginseng's effect. After processing, the complicated changes are taken place in the constituents of ginseng, and some new substances produced. This paper aims to review the studies on chemical constituents and their mechanisms during ginseng processing, and the ideas, methods and the direction of the development of traditional Chinese medicine processing in the future.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaque is an essential pathogenetic mechanism of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), thereby, to stabilize the vulnerable plaque is of great importance for prevention and treatment of ACS. Recent study has shown the multi-target effects of traditional Chiese medicine intervention in stabilizing unstable atherosclerotic plaque is promising. The literatures involving this topic in recent years were reviewed in this paper.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Animals ; Coronary Artery Disease ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Phytotherapy

Objective To investigate the effect of reptroperitoneal laparoscopic operation on the parameters of platelet, D-dimer and thrombomodulin(TM). Methods Forty cases were divided into two groups according to the operative way, retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation (n= 20) and open operation (n=20). Blood samples were taken preoperatively and at the end of the surgery. The following parameters were measured and compared within each group and between groups: platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distributionwidth(PDW), D-dimer, TM. ResultsThere were no significant differences for the PLT, PDW, MPV, TM and D-dimer between before and after operation in each group. There was no difference between 2 groups either for all these indicators.No patients from either group suffered thrombosis or abnormal bleeding as a pastoperative complication. Conclusion Compared with the conventional operation, retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation dioesd not induce more change on parameters of platelet, D-dimer and TM.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanisms of LW-AFC,a new formula derived from Liuwei Dihuang decoction,on chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced mood and cogni-tion impairment in mice. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly placed into seven groups (n=10):normal control group,CUMS group,Fluoxetine(10 mg·kg-1,once per day)group,Liuwei Dihuang de-coction group(LW,10 g·kg-1,once per day),and LW-AFC(0.8 g·kg-1,1.6 g·kg-1,3.2 g·kg-1,once per day) group. The stressed group was given CUMS for 4 weeks to set up a chronic multiple-stressed model.LW and LW-AFC was oral administered a week prior to CUMS and until the end of the study(a total of 35 d),while fluoxetine was administrated orally for 4 weeks.The anxiety behavior was analyzed using the open field test(OFT)and elevated plus maze test(EPM).The depression behavior was ana-lyzed using the sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST). Spatial cognition was evaluated using Morris water maze (MWM) test and working memory was evaluated using new object recognition test(NORT). RESULTS CUMS for 28 d increased depressive-and anxiety-like behaviors. LW-AFC (1.6 g·kg-1) significantly increased the numbers of entries into the open arm and time in the open arm of CUMS mice (P<0.05). LW-AFC (3.2 g·kg-1) increased sucrose consumption and de-creased the immobility time of FST (P<0.01) of CUMS mice. The MWM test showed that spatial learning andmemory in CUMS mice were remarkably affected relative to controls,whereas LW-AFC(3.2 g·kg-1)im-proves cognitive functions(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The mood and theability of learning and memory of thestressed group can be affected after exposure to CUS.Oral administration of LW-AFC significant-ly improved CUMS-induced impairments of mood and cognition in mice.

On the basis of the Uncaria transcriptome, specific primers were designed for UrSTR. The full-length cDNA of UrSTR (GeneBank: OL310251) was 1 541 bp, encoding 345 amino acid residues, and the promoter region sequence of UrSTR (GeneBank: OL310252) was 1 179 bp. Phylogenetic tree is revealed that UrSTR had a closest relationship with STR from Ophiorrhiza pumila and Ophiorrhiza japonica. Localization of UrSTR protein is revealed located in the vacuole membrane. Plant-care analysis indicated that the promoter region sequence of UrSTR, covering multiple light, stress and hormone-response cis-regulatory elements, and verified transcriptional activity. The results of SDS-PAGE show that pET-28a-UrSTR recombinant protein was successfully expressed, and the size was anticipated. The UrSTR prokaryotic expression system needs to be optimized in the later stage. The research lays the foundation for further purification to study its structure and functional characterization of the UrSTR protein.

Objective To analyze the clinical risk factors of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) of cardiogenic cerebral embolism and the influence of HT on outcome. Methods The clinical data of 115 inpatients were reviewed from May, 2012 to December, 2015. They were di-vided into HT group (n=58) and non-HT group (n=57). The age, anticoagulant therapy, thrombolytic therapy, infarction diameter, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and HAS-BLED score were compared. The risk factors for HT was screened with the multivariate Logistic regression. NIHSS score and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score as hos-pitalization, and one month and three months after stroke were compared. Results There were significant difference in NIHSS score (t=-2.991, P=0.003) and HAS-BLED score (t=-2.499, P=0.014), as well as infarction diameter (χ2=8.355, P=0.004) between HT group and non-HT group. NIHSS score (OR=1.127, P=0.027), HAS-BLED score (OR=1.783, P=0.03) and infarction diameter (OR=4.390, P=0.035) were the risk factors for HT. The incidence of HT was less in low-risk group (HAS-BLED score=0-2) than in high-risk group (HAS-BLED score≥3) (χ2=4.643, P=0.031). The NIHSS score as hospitalization, and one month and three months after stroke were all more in HT group than in non-HT group (t>2.387, P<0.05). The mRS score was more in HT group as hospitalization (t=-2.262, P=0.026), but not significant one and three months later (t<1.468, P>0.05). Conclusion HT tends to happen in the patients of cerebral embolism patients after atrial fibril-lation with severe neural function defect, large infarction diameter and high HAS-BLED score. The neural function is poor in those with HT.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of MRI-detected extramural venous invasion (mrEMVI) in predicting tumor responses to preoperative chemoradiatiotherapy (pre-CRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).Methods The clinicopathological data,tumor response and mrEMVI information of 47 LARC from February 2013 to December 2014 were retrospectively collected.mrEMVI was given 0-4 score according to the degree,3-4 score were defined as mrEMVI positive;patients with mrEMVI positive were divided into three subgroups according to vascular size (large,middle and small).Association between different mrEMVI subgroup and tumor response was analyzed using Fisher exact test.Result 26 patients were mrEMVI positive.18 and 8 patients scored 3 and 4 for mrEMVI positive,respectively;16,6 and 4 patients were small,middle and larger vessels of mrEMVI positive,respectively.Patients with mrEMVI positive had less TRG 0-1 than mrEMVI negative (P =0.019).Scored 4 and larger vessel of mrEMVI positive had less TRG 0-1 than mrEMVI negative (P =0.038 and 0.017).Conclusions mrEMVI positive score 4 or larger vessel predict poor tumor response to pre-CRT in patients of locally advanced rectal cancer.

Objective To evaluate the dose of vancomycin for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) infection after neurosurgery. Methods The information of hospitalized patients treated by vancomycin after neurosurgery from January 2011 to December 2015 at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University was collected retrospectively. The patients with CNS infection were retrieved, the relevant data were extracted and systemized. A daily dose of 2 g or 30-60 mg/kg of vancomycin was thought as the standard, and the difference between the actual dose and the guidelines was analyzed. Results There were 5 816 patients used vancomycin for a total of 46 787 days. The number of patients with CNS infection after neurosurgery was 1 198 (20.6%), the total treatment course was 14 083 days (30.1%), the median treatment days was 9, the median daily dose was 26.0 mg/kg; and the percentage of male patient was 50.8%, the median age was 42.0 years, and the median body weight was 68.0 kg. The most commonly used dose and frequency of vancomycin was 1.0 g every 12 hours with 6 957 days (49.4%) and 60.3% daily dose of vancomycin reached the standard. 355 patients were treated to the target and 843 patients were treated empirically, the age of targeted treatment group was older than empirical treatment group [years: 44.0 (32.5, 54.0) vs. 41.0 (31.0, 52.0), P < 0.05]. The mean duration of targeted treatment group was obviously longer than empirical treatment group [days: 11 (6, 17) vs. 9 (6, 12), P < 0.01], but there was no difference in the total daily dose between the two groups [mg/kg: 25.4 (20.0, 30.3) vs. 26.1 (20.9, 31.0), g: 1.80 (1.50, 2.00) vs. 1.85 (1.50, 2.00), both P > 0.05], and daily dose of both groups did not reached the standard goal. 16.3% patients (195/1 198) received multi-courses therapy and there was no difference among the first course of dose. The clinical mortality of all patients was 1.5% (18/1 198). The targeted treatment and multi-courses had a higher proportion in the death group, and the treatment durations were longer than the non-death group [the targeted treatment proportion: 72.2% (13/18) vs. 29.0% (342/1 180), the multi-courses proportion: 83.3% (15/18) vs. 15.3% (180/1 180), the total treatment duration: 29.0 (17.8, 45.0) vs. 9.0 (6.0, 14.0), the days of the first course: 11.5 (7.5, 21.5) vs. 8.0 (6.0, 12.0), all P < 0.05]. Conclusions The dose of vancomycin to treat postoperative CNS infection was inappropriate in a majority of patients. Clinician's education regarding appropriate vancomycin dosing is recommended to achieve compliance with the guidelines.