Objective To observe the protective effect of sodium hyaluronate (Na-HA),and its effects on mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) in cartilage of rabbit osteoarthritis (OA) model.Methods Forty eight white rabbits were divided into A,B,C groups randomly.Group A were normal controls,groups B and C were underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT).The rabbits in group B were injected normal saline after ACLT;Group C rabbits received intra-articular 1% sodium hyaluronate (HA) injections 5 weeks after surgery,0.3 ml once a week.At week 11 after the surgery,all rabbits were sacrificed.The cartilage changes on the medial femoral condyles were graded.Cartilage sections were stained with safranin-O and HE,mRNA expression of PPAR-γ was detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (Real Time-PCR).Results Cartilage degeneration in group B was significantly more severe than in groups A and C.The grey value of Safranin-O of B group were higher than groups A and C.Expression of PPAR-γ mRNA in group B was higher than that in groups A and C.Conclusion NaHA has a protective effect on articular cartilage degeneration,and the inhibitory effect on PPAR-γ mRNA expression may be one of the therapeutic mechanism of Na-HA.

Objective To discuss the risks of hypertension development with relation to the level of lipid variables among populations who had normal blood pressure at baseline study. Methods In April 2000, under the support of project "prevention of metabolic syndrome and multi-metabolic disorders in Jiangsu province", a cohort study was performed to obtain the baseline data among 8685 persons from age 34 to 74. In June of 2006, a follow-up investigation was carried out among those who had been in the study for 5 years after the baseline study started. 2603 persons who met the selection criteria and showed normal blood pressure during baseline study, were recruited in this investigation. The interval from the baseline to the follow-up studies was 6.38 years on average. Relationship between the risk of developing hypertension and the baseline level of lipid variables were analyzed. Results Relations between baseline lipid levels and the incidence of hypertension during the follow-up was discovered. In gender and age adjusted model, the lipid variables were all associated with hypertension(Wend test, P<0.01). In multivariable-adjusted model, HDL-C [aRR=0.71 (95%CI: 0.61-0.99)], non-HDL-C [αRR=1.28 (95%CI: 1.14-1.83)], TC/HDL-C ratio[aRR=1.41 (95%CI: 1.25-2.03)] and TG [αRR=1.49(95%CI: 1.30-2.13)] were again associated with hypertension (trend test, P<0.05). Even the αRR was much weakened after the baseline SBP, DBP were adjusted with Cox model, the significant relation of hypertension to HDL-C, TC/HDL-C ratio and TG still existed. Excluding the two factors of obesity (BMI≥28) and diabetes which had been recognized in marked linking with hypertension, lipid variables were still associated with hypertension. Conclusion Dyslipidemia might occur before being hypertensive. Hypertension was associated with HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and TG or even exclusion of obesity, diabetes and factors of smoking and drinking or baseline level of SBP, DBP were adjusted.

Objective To investigate the daily total fluoride intake in relating to the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in two villages in Jiangsu Province,in order to provide the scientific evidences for the control and prevention of endemic fluorosis.Methods Adults sampled from a high-fluoride Village,Wamiao,and a low-fluoride Village,Xinhuai,were surveyed in this study according to the fluoride concentration in their household shallow well.The average daily total fluoride intake from difierent sources and the skeletal fluorosis were investigated in each subject.Then the subjects from two villages were allocated into five subgroups(＜2.00,2.00～,3.00～,4.00～,≥5.00 mg/d),the relation fluoride intake and prevalence of osteofluorosis was analyzed.Results The prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in Wamiao Village was 31.06%(41/132),but no skeletal fluorosis case(0/35)was found in Xinhuai Village.According to the daily total fluoride intake,subjects with higher daily total fluoride intake tended to associated with a higher prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in a significant dose-response relationship(regression equation:y=2.624-6.855x+3.424x2:r=0.997).The benchmark dose lower limitation of daily total fluoride intake with 95% confidencewas 2.50 mg/d calculated according to this dose-response relationship,the reference dose(RfD)was 2.50 mg/d.In Wamiao Village a significant difference was also found between daily total fluoride intake in 41 subjects[(5.09±1.20)mg/d]with X-ray detectable skeletal fluorosis and in 91 subjects[(3.08±1.12)mg/d]without X-ray detectable skeletal fluorosis(t=-9.32,P＜0.01).Conclusions These findings indicate that the daily total fluoride intake has a significant dose-response relationship with the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in an endemic fluorosis area associated with high-fluoride drinking water;and the RfD in this study was lower than that in the national standard of"Chinese hygienic standard for daily total fluoride intake(WS/T 87-1996)"(3.50 mg/d).

As a kind of commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng has a high reputation at home and abroad. The research of ginseng has been expanded to medicine, pharmacy, biology, food science and other fields, with great achievements in recent years. Ginseng contains ginsenosides, volatile oil, carbohydrates, amino acids, polypeptides, inorganic elements and othser chemical constituents. Each component has extensive physiological activity, and is the base of ginseng's effect. After processing, the complicated changes are taken place in the constituents of ginseng, and some new substances produced. This paper aims to review the studies on chemical constituents and their mechanisms during ginseng processing, and the ideas, methods and the direction of the development of traditional Chinese medicine processing in the future.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaque is an essential pathogenetic mechanism of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), thereby, to stabilize the vulnerable plaque is of great importance for prevention and treatment of ACS. Recent study has shown the multi-target effects of traditional Chiese medicine intervention in stabilizing unstable atherosclerotic plaque is promising. The literatures involving this topic in recent years were reviewed in this paper.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Animals ; Coronary Artery Disease ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Phytotherapy

Objective To investigate the effect of reptroperitoneal laparoscopic operation on the parameters of platelet, D-dimer and thrombomodulin(TM). Methods Forty cases were divided into two groups according to the operative way, retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation (n= 20) and open operation (n=20). Blood samples were taken preoperatively and at the end of the surgery. The following parameters were measured and compared within each group and between groups: platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distributionwidth(PDW), D-dimer, TM. ResultsThere were no significant differences for the PLT, PDW, MPV, TM and D-dimer between before and after operation in each group. There was no difference between 2 groups either for all these indicators.No patients from either group suffered thrombosis or abnormal bleeding as a pastoperative complication. Conclusion Compared with the conventional operation, retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation dioesd not induce more change on parameters of platelet, D-dimer and TM.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanisms of LW-AFC,a new formula derived from Liuwei Dihuang decoction,on chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced mood and cogni-tion impairment in mice. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly placed into seven groups (n=10):normal control group,CUMS group,Fluoxetine(10 mg·kg-1,once per day)group,Liuwei Dihuang de-coction group(LW,10 g·kg-1,once per day),and LW-AFC(0.8 g·kg-1,1.6 g·kg-1,3.2 g·kg-1,once per day) group. The stressed group was given CUMS for 4 weeks to set up a chronic multiple-stressed model.LW and LW-AFC was oral administered a week prior to CUMS and until the end of the study(a total of 35 d),while fluoxetine was administrated orally for 4 weeks.The anxiety behavior was analyzed using the open field test(OFT)and elevated plus maze test(EPM).The depression behavior was ana-lyzed using the sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST). Spatial cognition was evaluated using Morris water maze (MWM) test and working memory was evaluated using new object recognition test(NORT). RESULTS CUMS for 28 d increased depressive-and anxiety-like behaviors. LW-AFC (1.6 g·kg-1) significantly increased the numbers of entries into the open arm and time in the open arm of CUMS mice (P<0.05). LW-AFC (3.2 g·kg-1) increased sucrose consumption and de-creased the immobility time of FST (P<0.01) of CUMS mice. The MWM test showed that spatial learning andmemory in CUMS mice were remarkably affected relative to controls,whereas LW-AFC(3.2 g·kg-1)im-proves cognitive functions(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The mood and theability of learning and memory of thestressed group can be affected after exposure to CUS.Oral administration of LW-AFC significant-ly improved CUMS-induced impairments of mood and cognition in mice.

Objective To compare the effect of cimetidine associated with bletilla striata,rhubarb on peptic ulcer,cushingulcer,acute erosive gastritis,bleeding of esophagus and gastric funds varicosis of cirrhotic portal hyper- tension and gastri cancer.Methods 136 patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were randomly divided into 2 groups.The treated group(n=69)was given cimitidine associated with bletilla striata,rhubarb and the control group(n=67)was given cimitidine only.The effects of hemostasis in 2 groups were observed.Results The effect of hemostasis in the treated group was better than that in the control group on peptic ulcer,cushingulcer,acute ero- sive gastritis and gastric cancer(P＜0.05).There were no difference between 2 groups about bleeding of esophagus and gastric funds varicosis of cirrhotic portal hypertension(P＞0.05).Conclusion The effect of hemostasis on up- per gastrointestinal hemorrhage treated by integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine might achieve better on cushingulcer,acute erosive gastritis,peptic ulcer and gastri cancer.It has less adverse effect and more safety.

Objective To evaluate the causes,prevention and treatment ot laparoscopic comphca- tions in urologic surgery.Methods From May 2000 to May 2004,135 urologic laparoscopies were per- formed,including 17 transperitoneal laparoscopies and 118 retroperitoneal laparoscopies.Of the135 cases,26 had adrenal adenoma extirpation;31 had roof-removal and decompression of renal cyst;25 had radical ne- phrectomy;6 had pyeloplasty;2 had partial resection of renal capsula and encapsulation of the great omen- tum;2 had partial nephrectomy;4 had pelviureteral resection;13 had ligation of renal pedicle lymphatic ves- sel;2 had ureterolysis;7 had ureterolithotomy;12 had ligation of spermophlebectasis;5 had exploration,re- duction and fixation of undescended testis.The intra-and post-operative complications were retrospectively reviewed and clinically analyzed.Results Overall,14 cases(10.4%)had complications.Intraoperative complications occurred in 10 cases,including 6 cases of peritoneal injuries,which were clamped during oper- ation;4 of vascular injuries,which resulted in conversion to open surgery.Postoperative complications oc- curred in 4 cases,including 2 of subcutaneous emphysema,which was spontaneously absorbed at 5 and 7 d after operation;1 of incision seepage,which was drained for 40 d and then disappeared;and 1 of urine reten- tion,for which urethral catheterization was kept for 3 d and then the patient had voluntary voiding.No death occurred in this series.Conclusions Understanding the characteristics of laparoscopic complications in u- rologic surgery and systematic training of the surgeons can reduce the occurrence of complications.

Objective To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung.Methods Clinicopathologic characteristics and immunohistochemical results of 42 cases with sarcoma- toid carcinoma of the lung were analyzed.Results Forty-two cases were pathologically proved to be spindle cell carcinoma,1 cases;giant cell carcinoma,1 case;carcinosarcoma,4 cases;pleomorphic carcinoma,36 cases.The tumors were composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.Immunohistochemistry showed that CK was positive in 24 of 24 cases,EMA was positive in 18 of 20 cases,Vim was positive in 25 of 25 cases.Eighteen cases were survival One-year survival rate was 61.2 %,with mean survival 13.3 months. Conclusion Diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung depends on pathologic and immunohistochemical results.