Action Potentials ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Nifedipine ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Ureter ; drug effects ; physiology ; Urination ; drug effects ; Vitamin K 3 ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of a schedule of 2 cycles' high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) as an initial therapy in adults immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and compare with conventional dose prednisone therapy. Method A total of 59 newly diagnosed ITP patients were divided into 2 groups randomly. In 30 patients ( Dexamethasone group), oral HD-DXM was administered at 40 mg/d for 4 consecutive days, repeated one week later, and then failed to maintain. In the remaining 29and then gradually tapered. Results For short-term efficacy, after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment, the response rate in Dexamethasone group was significantly higher than that in Prednisone group (50. 0% vs 24. 1%, P ＜0. 01; 73.3% vs 55.2%, P ＜0. 05 ), while 3 weeks later, there was no remarkable difference between the two groups(83.3% vs 68.9%, P ＞ 0. 05 ), though the response rate in Dexamethasone group remained higher. For long-term effect, at the end of the 2nd and 3rd months of follow-up, the relapse rate in Dexamethasone group was significantly lower than that in Prednisone group(24. 0% vs 40. 0%, P ＜ 0. 05;32.0% vs 65. 0%, P ＜ 0. 01 ), while at the end of the 1st month of follow-up, there was no significant difference( 16. 0% vs 20. 0%, P ＞0.05 ). In addition, it's well tolerated and no complications such as severe infection or Cushing syndrome were complained in Dexamethasone group. Conclusion HD-DXM possesses an advantage over conventional dose prednisone therapy in efficacy and safety.

Aim To set up a novel animal model of intra-abdominal adhesion and to determine whether the tissue plasminogen activator activity (PAA) in exudate can be taken as an indicator to judge the formation of the adhesion. Methods　Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Each animal in both groups was opened the abdominal cavity via midline laparotomy without any disinfectant measures. 2-cm section from the cecal end was clamped and ligated, 1-cm cecum of the section was cut, and another 1-cm end from the ligated site was kept. After the content in the end was extruded, the cecum was put back without using any antibacterial agent. Before the skin closure, an effective combination AMD (allantoin, metronidazole and dexamethasone in combination), was given (ip) according to 1.5 ml per 100 g body weight (60.6 mg·kg-1). The control group was injected (ip) the same volume of normal saline. After 6 h, the exudate was extracted from drainage-tube, with the rats varying posture, and after 1 kw, the rats were killed for examining the intra-abdominal adhesion. The values of PAA of exudate in both groups were analyzed by the relative operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results　In the control group, all 20 rats formed the adhesions, the amount of exudate=(1.25±0.09) ml, the number of WBC(×103)=(23.1±6.6) mm3 and PAA=(0.9±0.4) IU·ml-1 in the exudate of abdominal cavity. In AMD group, however, there was not the adhesion formations (0/20), the amount of exuade was (0.52±0.04) ml (P<0.01), the number of WBC (×103) (10.6±4.2) mm3 (P<0.01), and PAA (23.1±6.6) IU·ml-1(P<0.01) in exuade.ROC analysis indicated that if PAA >1.24 IU·ml-1 in the exuade, the adhesion was difficult to form, and vice versa. Conclusion　This animal model can be taken as an effective tool to evaluate the human adhesion related to multi-links on the pathogenesis, and the PAA in exudate an indicator to judge intra-abdominal adhesion formation.

Good clinical practice should be based on evidence. Evidence quality should be based on critical appraisal in evidence based medicine (EBM). Evaluation of evidence quality plays an important role in evidence level clarifying, which is the core of EBM. Different recommendations for clinical practice often derive from evidence levels. Thus evidence quality evaluation is the first and most important step in EBM. There are lots of standards to evaluate evidence quality in the world. However there are two aspects of the evaluation, one is methodological evaluation and the other is reporting evaluation. This article collected a series of standards for clinical trials quality evaluation according to different research designs. It is hoped that the resource and introduction about the quality evaluation of clinical trials be helpful for medical researchers in China. Only being familiar with all kinds of standards of methodology and reporting, researchers could publish high quality scientific papers.
Biomedical Research ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Objective To dynamically observe the changes of subsets of splenocytes in mice by immunization with recombinant BCG-Eg95 vaccine of Echinococcus granulosus(Eg).Methods Balb/c mice were divided randomly into 3 groups according to their weishts:intranasal group.per os group and PBS control.The mice were vaccinated intranasally or orally by the vaccine respectively in experimental groups.and the control mice were given phosphate buffer saline intranasally.These mice were killed to get spleen on 0,2,4,6,8,10,12, 14,16 and 18 week of immunization,respectively.Splenocytes were separated to measure subsets of CD4+ and CD8+T ceUs by FACsort.Results There were marked differences in ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ subsets among the different groups(F value were 21.56 and 22.08 respectively,P＜0.05).There were very marked differences in ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ subsets in different weeks(F value were 5.75 and 6.29 respectively.P＜0.01).In the intranasal group,CD4+ and CD8+ T subsets increased obviously in 6～18 weeks and 12 weeks,and reached the highest level on 10 and 12 week,espectively.Their values were 0.348±0.013 and 0.090±0.003.respectively.There were marked or very marked differences(q value were 7.32 and 5.32 respectively,P＜0.01 or＜0.05)in comparison with 0 week(0.230±0.022 and 0.069±0.015).In the oral group,CD4+and CD8+ subsets rose reinarkablv on 6-16 weeks and 8-18 weeks,achieved the hishest level on 10 and 16 weeks,respectively.Their vahes were 0.405± 0.006 and 0.096±0.004,respectively.There were marked or very marked difference(q value were 7.53 and 5.35 respectively,P＜0.01 or＜0.05)in comparison with week 0(0.230±0.022 and 0.069±0.015).Conclusion CD4+and CD8+T subsets may play an important role in immune response induced in mice by rBCG-Eg95 vaccine.

0.05). ConclusionsTwo methods of fibero tomy do not effect on the periodontal tissues. The PSP is more excellent than t he MSF in preventing the corrected teeth from relapsing and keeping the aest hetic feeling of the gingival shape.

Objective To dynamically observe changes of IgG, its subclasses and IgE in sera of mice by immunization with mixed recombinant of BCG-Em Ⅱ/3 and BCG-Em14-3-3 vaccine of Echinococcus multilocularis (Era). Methods Forty Balb/c mice of 12-14 week old and 20-25 g weight were intranasally vaccinated by the vaccine, 4 mice were killed randomly by the weight on 0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16 and 18 weeks of immunization respectively, sera were gathered from the eyeball to measure IgG, its subclasses and IgE by routine ELISA. Results Levels of IgG, IgG2a and IgG2b in the sera of mice increased obviously on 2-18 weeks, reached the highest level on 10, 4 and 4 weeks respectively, the value was 0.095±0.033,0.022±0.001,0.023±0.003 respectively, as compared with the value on 0 week(0.030±0.013,0.012±0.004,0.013±0.004), the difference being statistically significant(q=2.95,4.87,2.81 respectively, P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); levels of IgG1, IgG3 and IgE in the sera of mice decreased remarkably on 2-18 weeks,came to the lowest level on 4,2,6 weeks respectively, the value was 0.031±0.004,0.136±0.002,0.114±0.002 respectively, as compared with the value on 0 week(0.192±0.007, 0.175±0.013,0.024±0.003), the difference being statistically significant (q =5.16,4.93,5.32 respectively, P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Conclusion Helper T cell(TH) Ⅰ response is induced in mice by mixed recombinant of BCG-Em Ⅱ/3 and BCG-Em14-3-3 vaccine on early immunization.

Objective To investigate the effects of silymarin on expressions of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in the kidneys of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)-induced renal fibrosis.Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated group(n=24),operated group(n=24) and silymarin treated group(n=24).Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis model was established via UUO.Silymarin was given by gavage with 30 mg/(kg?d) in silymarin treated group,and the same volume normal saline was given by gavage in operated group and sham-operated group.In each group,8 rats were killed at 7,14 and 21 d after operation.Histological changes were observed in tubulointerstitial injury under microscope.The expressions of NF-?B and ICAM-1 in renal tissue were determined with immunohistochemical method.Results Tubuloin-terstitial injury scores in operated group at 7,14 and 21 d were 1.168?0.108,1.776?0.064 and 2.301?0.157,respectively,and Tubulointerstitial injury scores in the treated group at 7,14 and 21 d were 1.043?0.114,1.677?0.083 and 2.084?0.201,respectively.Tubulointerstitial injury scores in silymarin treated group were significantly lower than those in operated group(Pa

Objective To evaluate therapeutic effects and toxicity of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)treated by combining chemotherapy on ifosfamide(IFO)and vinorelbine(NVB).Methods 107 cases pa- tients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled.IFO was given in a dosage of 1.5g/m~2 on day 1 to 4.and NVB in a dosage of 25mg/m~2 on day 1 and 8.It was repeated every three or four weeks,up to two to four cycles.Results Two patients had complete response and 40 patients had partial response.The overall response rate was 47.7% ,the median survival time 10.3 months,1-year and 2-year survival rate was 42% and 12.3%,respectively.The main toxicity was bone marrow suppression.Conclusion The regimen is effective,sale and tolerable in advanced non- small cell lung cancer therapy.