With the rapid development of turfgrass industry in our country,more and more attentions are paid to the genetic breeding of turfgrass. Biotechnology has great application potential in varietals improvement of tall fescue,which is commonly grown as cool-season turf grass in the temperate region. The establishment of tall fescue regeneration and genetic transformation systems was summarized. Meanwhile,the historical and present situations of tall fescue breeding are introduced. The part of tall fescue regeneration was expounded from different explants and approaches. While,the part of genetic transformations was expounded from different means. At last,problems and prospects of genetic transformation of tall fescue are discussed.

Arthropods of medical importance such as mosquitoes, ticks and sandflies are one of the key drivers of arthropod-borne diseases outbreak, posing a great threat to global public health security. For further understanding the transmission mechanisms of arthropod-borne diseases and establishing the prevention and control measures, a series of experiments of arthropods infection need to be carried out under laboratory conditions. Besides the regular biosafety requirements, some specific considerations need to be taken into account when performing arthropod infection and the infected arthropod rearing. Except for the physical containment composed of biosafety facilities, a comprehensive assessment of the biosafety risks during operations and corresponding preventive measures are also critical to eliminate or mitigate the biosafety risks. In this paper, we introduce our practice in handling mosquito infection with Risk Group 2 pathogens in Arthropod Containment Level-2 (ACL-2) laboratory, with an aim to provide a reference for researchers in related fields.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of a modified hand-assited laparoscopic splenectomy (HALS) plus pericardial devascularization for the treatment of cirrhotic portal hypertension.MethodsFrom March 2009 to Dec 2011,modified hand-assited laparoscopic splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization was performed on 47 patients with portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis.We performed HALS first, thenconvertedtototallylarparocopicpericardialdevascularizationduring operation.ResultsAll patients received modified HALS plus pericardial devascularization without convertion to open surgery,the mean operative time was ( 154 ± 32) min,the mean intraoperative blood loss was ( 115 ±73) ml,and the mean postoperative hospitalization was (9.2 ± 1.6) days.The perioperative complications included plural effusion in 3 cases,ascites in 4 cases,pancreatic leakage in 1 case and wound dehiscence in 1case. Therewasnoperioperativemortality.ConclusionsModifiedHALSpluspericardial devascularization is a relatively safe and effective procedure in the treatment of portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis,it has the advantage of hand-assisted and totally laparoscopic procedures.

Objective To quantitatively analyze radiation-induced trismus in patients with nasopha-ryngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated by intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and evaluate tem-poromandibular joint (TMJ) damage. Methods Between February 2001 and October 2004, 211 NPC pa-tients were treated by IMRT, with a total dose of 68 Gy, 2.27 Gy per fraction within 31 -86 days (median, 43 days). The distances between two dens incisivus medialis (DDIM) were measured before and 6 months after IMRT and then annually thereafter. Results The overall survival at 1-, 3-, and 5-year were 97.1%, 90.7% and 79. 1%, respectively. The mean irradiation doses to TMJ were 6.18 -51.36 Gy. Grade 1 TMJ damage was observed in 5.2% patients, and grade 2 occurred in one patients who had received the second course radiotherapy because of local relapse . No grade 3 or 4 TMJ toxicity was observed . Conclusions IMRT can spare the TMJ from high dose irradiation and markedly reduce severe TMJ damage.

Objective To explore the nursing mode of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in field minimally- invasive interventional shelter for treating closed hepatic trauma and hemorrhage. Methods 8 animal modes of closed hepatic trauma were established by beagles. Then, the animals with damaged hepatic arteries were treated by emergency angio-interventional embolic treatment. And specific nursing mode, which was different from in-hospital, was performed in perioperative period. Results All the animal modes of closed hepatic trauma and hemorrhage were rescued successfully, and no operative complications were found. Conclusions With the cooperation of specific nursing mode, the emergency angio-interventional embolic treatment of closed hepatic trauma and hemorrhage in field minimally-invasive interventional shelter under the complex outdoor environment is feasible.

Objective To optimize spray drying process of Anshen bumian granules. Methods By using orthogonal design method, moisture content, powder rate and berberine hydrochloride content were indexes, and optimum technological conditions were determined. Results Proportion of microcrystalline cellulose, lactose and maltodextrin was 2??1??2. The extract was fed in at 6%. Optimum feeding in/out temperature for spray drying is 145 ℃ /85 ℃, liquid velocity was 30 mL??min-1 , and relative density of extract was 1. 15. Conclusion The process is reasonable and practical, has strong stability and good controllability, and it provides a basis for industrialized production.

Objective To compare clinical outcomes of modified hand-assisted versus total laparoscopic splenectomy and esophagogastric devacularization for treatment of portal hypertension due to cirrhosis.Methods From Jan 2007 to Dec 2011,modified hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy plus esophagogastric devascularization (MHLSED) and total laparoscopic splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization (LSED) were performed on 47 and 38 patients with portal hypertension due to cirrhosis,respectively.For the MHLESD group,we performed hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy first,then converted during operation to totally laparoscopic esophagogastric devascularization.The operating time,intra-operative blood loss,postoperative complications and postoperative hospitalization time were analyzed.Results MHLSED were performed on 47 patients successfully without any need to convert to open surgery,and LSED were performed on 36 patients with 2 patients having to convert to open surgery.The mean operative time [(154 ±32)min] and mean intra-operative blood loss [(115± 73)ml] in the HLSED group were significantly lower than the LSED group [(212±45)min and (172±57)ml,respectively].There was no mortality.There were no significant differences in the time period for gastrointestinal function to recover,postoperative hospital stay and overall complication rate between the two groups.Conclusions MHALSD is a relatively safe and efficacious treatment for portal hypertension due to cirrhosis.It combines the advantages of hand-assisted and totally laparoscopic operations.

Objective To report the clinical outcome and prognostic factors for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT).Methods From January 2001 to August 2004,the data of 132 such NPC patients were analyzed retrospectively;104 male and 28 female with a median of 44.5 years(range 21-73 years).Ninety-eight patients(74.2%)were confirmed by biopsy as having NPC:9 with WHO TypeⅡand 89 WHO TypeⅢ.The other 34 patients were only diagnosed by MRI scan because of the extension/invasion was in the base of skull and/or cavernous sinus.Median interval time were 24 months(range 6-184 months).According to the 1992 Chinese Fuzhou Staging System:stageⅠ3.8 %,Ⅱ10.6 %,Ⅲ22.0% andⅣa 63.6%;T1 5.3%,T2 10.6%,T3 22.7% and T4 55.3%.Twenty-two patients had recurrence in the neck lymph nodes.IMRT was given with the sequential tomotherapy system(NOMOS Peacock systems)of 6 MV X-rays.Prescription dose was 60-70 Gy in GTV,with the fractional dose of 1.94-2.8 Gy.Sixty patients were also supplemented with two to six courses of cisplatin-based chemotherapy.Results The median volume of GTV was 39.5 cm~3(range 0.8-158.9 cm~3).The D95,V95,mean dose and fractionation dose of GTV was 66.9 Gy,98.3%,69.8 Gy and 2.32 Gy,respectively.The median follow-up time was 12 months(range,2-47 months).The 1-,2-and 3-year local progression-free rate was 96.4%,88.4% and 85.3%,respectively.The overall 1-,2-and 3-year survival rate was 6.5.9%,49.6% and 41.6%,respectively.Eleven patients developed distant metastases.Forty-seven patients were observed to devdop mucosa necrosis and/or massive hemorrhage in the nasopharynx.On univariate and multivariate analysis,fractional dose and vohane of GTV were significant prognostic factors for overall survival(P=0.016,0.009).Conclusions The local control and survival rate can be improved for patients with locally recurrent nasopharygeal carcinoma after treatment of intensity modulated radiotherapy.The fractional dose and volume of GTV are independent prognostic factors for the overall survival. The main death reasons are mucosa necrosis and/or massive hemorrhage in the nasopharynx.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and cardiovascular risk factors of silent brain infarct (SBI) in Shunyi Cohort.Methods This study was based on the population based Shunyi Study in China.One thousand and twenty-seven stroke-free participants older than 35 years,who completed cerebral MRI,were included.Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by interview,physical examination and blood sample tests.SBI was evaluated on 3D-T1WI,T2WI and FLAIR sequences.Associations between risk factors and SBI were analyzed by Logistic regression and adjusted for age,sex,and relevant confounders.Results One thousand and twenty-seven participants,aged (55.9 ± 9.4) years,37.7％ male,were assessed.One hundred sixty-four participants(16.0％) had SBI on MRI.The prevalence of SBI increased by age (every 10 years,OR=2.12,95％ CI 1.74-2.58,P＜0.01).Hypertension(OR =2.67,95％ CI 1.77-4.04,P＜0.01),diabetes(OR=2.48,95％ CI 1.64-3.76,P＜0.01) and smoking(OR=1.98,95％ CI 1.08-3.62,P =0.028) were significantly associated with SBI.Conclusions The prevalence of SBI in this Chinese population is 16.0％,which increases with age.Hypertension,diabetes and smoking are associated with SBI.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cerebellar Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ; Young Adult