Humans ; Sepsis ; immunology ; prevention & control ; therapy

Adult ; Carcinoid Tumor ; complications ; Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Middle Aged

The course of fundamental operations in surgery is an important part of surgical teaching.It helps students to adapt to surgical practice quickly.During the teaching,there are some ways to improve teaching efficiency and quality,such as to know the new Chinese-English teaching material,the teaching purpose,the training of basic skills and aseptic principles of operation,the examination reform and regular teaching summery.

Objective To make a further understanding of mammographic features of simple cyst of the breast (SCB).Methods Molybdenum target radiographic signs in 39 cases with SCB proved pathologically and were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 56 SCB in 39 cases, 23 were diagnosed rightly as SCB, 10 as fibroadenoma, 2 as cancer and the remaining 4 were undefined. The diagnostic accuracy and misdiagnosis were 59.0% and 41.0% respectively. Radiograph showed round in 12, ovoid in 38, mild lobed in 4 and comet tail form in 2. The borders of cyst were distinct and sharp in 26, distinct partly and indistinct partly in 27,indistinct completely in 3. The density was homogeneous in 54 with calcifications in 2. Of the 56 SCB, the length axes of cyst were upright to chest wall in 20 and towards nipple in 18. The cysts could be transformed with pressure in 4.Conclusion Careful analysis of radiographic features of SCB is helpful for diagnosing accurately this disease.

Inflammasomes are high-molecular-weight, multiprotein complexes in cells, which are assembled after cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain like receptors (NLRs) sense pathogens and danger signals. The inflammasome can activate caspase-1, and later makes the pro-IL-1β, proIL-18 precursor mature by cleavaging, thereby mediates the innate immunity. Dysregulation of inflammasomes plays an important role in the development of sepsis and other immune inflammatory diseases, thus inflammasome may be a new target for prevention and treatment of sepsis.
Caspase 1 ; immunology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammasomes ; chemistry ; immunology ; metabolism ; Interleukin-18 ; immunology ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; immunology ; metabolism ; Sepsis ; immunology ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the clinical application of one-stage repair of hypospadias using pedicled penis and scrotal septal symphysis skin flap.

METHODSOne hundred and forty-nine cases of hypopadias were treated with the skin flap and followed up.

RESULTSAfter the operation, one hundred and twenty-two cases of patients obtained satisfactory outcomes, twenty-seven cases happened urethral leakage and preputial uredema were observed, and three cases suffered from urethral-skin fistula.

CONCLUSIONSThis technique was an optimal choice to penis hypospadias, Penoscrotal hypospadias and light-duty scrotal hypospadias. It was simple and convenient and could prevent infection but manage of drain must be done postoperatively.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; surgery ; Male ; Penis ; surgery ; Scrotum ; surgery ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Pingchuan Mixture (PCM) on plasma eosinophil cation protein (ECP), interleukin-5 in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inflammatory cell count in experimental guinea pigs with asthma.

METHODSThe eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte count were conducted by conventional method, IL-5 was detected by ELISA and ECP determined by RIA.

RESULTSLevels of eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte, ECP and IL-5 after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, the difference between groups treated respectively by PCM, aminophylline, dexamethasone and Dingchuan Zhike Tablet was insignificant.

CONCLUSIONPCM could treat asthma by reducing the inflammatory cell count, ECP and IL-5.

Animals ; Asthma ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Blood Proteins ; metabolism ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Eosinophil Granule Proteins ; Eosinophils ; metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Interleukin-5 ; metabolism ; Ovalbumin ; Ribonucleases ; metabolism

Xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol, has many interesting applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and odontological industries, owing to its high sweetening power, its anticariogenic properties, and its insulin-independent metabolism. The bioconversion of detoxified hemicellulosic hydrolysate to xylitol by microorganisms could be a cheaper alternative to the current chemical process, since it is a simple process, with great specificity and low energy requirements. However, the success of fermentations for xylitol production depends on the productivity of the strain and its tolerance to different toxic or inhibitory compounds existing in the hydrolysates. In addition, a number of culture process parameters proved to have significant effects on xylitol production in hemicellulosic hydrolysate media. One of the most important control variables in this bioconversion is the aeration level, which affects the biochemical pathways in the xylose metabolism. The production of biomass is favored by aerobic conditions, while under anaerobic conditions xylose cannot be assimilated by yeast, whereas xylitol is formed in oxygen-limited incubation conditions. An adapted Candida sp. with enhanced resistance to the inhibitors in the hydrolysate can directly ferment the simply detoxified corn cob hemicellulosic hydrolysate to xylitol. In the present study, the combined effects of shaking speed, C/ N ratio, initial pH, and inoculum level on the fermentation of corn cob hemicellulosic hydrolysate to xylitol by an adapted Candida sp. were investigated using an orthogonal experimental design in flask. As a result, the optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: 180 r/min, a C/N ratio of 50, initial pH 5.5, and an inoculum level of 5% (volume ratio). Moreover, the optimum concentration factor of hydrolysate varied between 3.0 and 3.72 was obtained. Based on these results, in order to evaluate the effect of aeration rate on the fermentation of corn cob hemicellulosic hydrolysate to xylitol in fermentor, batch fermentations were carried out in a 3.7 L stirred fermentor using four different aeration strategies, including three kind of two-stage aeration strategies, which provided relatively high aeration rate in the early stage but reduced it in the later stage, and including a one-stage aeration strategy provided a constant aeration rate. With respect to xylitol yield, the results indicated that two-stage aeration strategy was significantly superior to one-stage aeration strategy. The highest xylitol yield (0.75 g/g) was obtained with oxygen supply strategy C (3.75 L/min for first 24 h, then lowered it to 1.25 L/min, 2.5 L fermentation medium was employed). In this process, without extensive detoxification of hydrolysate, an adapted Candida sp. can efficiently ferment the simply treated corn cob hemicellulosic hydrolysate to xylitol under the optimized fermentation conditions. This work should help the development of an efficient process for producing xylitol from corn cob hemicellulosic hydrolysate on a larger scale by bioconversion.
Aerobiosis ; Candida tropicalis ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Hydrolysis ; Polysaccharides ; metabolism ; Xylitol ; biosynthesis ; Zea mays ; metabolism

Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points plus hydro-acupuncture with sinomenine hydrochloride for low back pain caused by compression fractures in the elderly.Methods:Ninety-five elderly in-patients with low back pain caused by compression fractures were randomly divided into an observation group and an EA group according to the visit sequence.Both groups received the same basic treatment.In the EA group,48 cases were treated with EA at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points plus the basic therapy;47 cases in the observation group received the basic treatment plus EA and hydro-acupuncture with sinomenine hydroch｜oride at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points.The levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in peripheral blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and at the 21st day of treatment in both groups.Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were used to analyze the clinical efficacy.Results:After treatment,the OPG content in the observation group was higher with statistical significance compared with that before treatment in the observation group and after the treatment in the EA group,respectively (both P＜0.05);the content of IL-1β,ODI and VAS scores were lower than those before treatment in the observation group and after treatment in the EA group with statistical significances (all P＜0.05).Conclusion:The combination of EA and hydro-acupuncture with sinomenine hydrochloride at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points is effective for low back pain caused by compression fractures in the elderly,and is superior to EA at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points alone.

AIM To observe the long-term toxicities of reteplase(Ret). METHODS Rat was administrated by injection of vein on 14 consecutive days to macaca fasicular. RESULTS Ret 8.0 MIU?kg -1 to macaca fasicular did not show any toxicity. In 25.0 MIU?kg -1 and 80.0 MIU?kg -1 of doses, RBC, HGB and HCT of blood have significantly decreased. Feces of hidden blood test also showed positive response in some animals, meanwhile, Ret could reduce the content of plasma total protein. But these changes could have recovery in restoration period. In addition, in 8.0?25.0?80.0 MIU?kg -1 doses, Ret could significantly lengthen bleeding time and clotting time. The obvious toxic changes of coefficient and pathology in Ret 8.0?25.0?80.0 MIU?kg -1 groups were not found. CONCLUSION 8.0 MIU?kg -1 is a safety dosage by injection of vein. 25.0,80.0 MIU?kg -1 doses have certain toxic actions, such as anemia and bleeding, but these toxic effects were reversible.