Objective To investigate the clinical teaching situation by using developmental inspection of School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiaotong University(SJTU-SM),and to put forward some suggestions. Methods By checking questionnaires and informal discussions,the relevant information was collected and analyzed by using SPSS statistics sofware. Results The clinical teaching quality of SJTU-SM was basically satisfied.The satisfaction from internship of grade 2004 was better than that of grade 2003.However,some problems in clinical teaching must be improved.Conclusion The investigation showed that the clinical teaching quality of SJTU-SM is being improving.However,in order to achieve the international accreditation standards,the quality guarantee system of clinical teaching need to be further perfected.

Objective To investigate the importance of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in the development of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria.Methods A total of 541 consecutive clinical isolates of gram-negative ba- cilli resistant or intermediate to ciprofloxacin were screened for the qnrA gene by PCR.Conjugation experiments were carried out with azide-resistant E.coli J53 as a recipient.The aac(6')-Ib-cr gene was detected.The mutations in the quinolone-resist- ance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA and parC genes were identified in qnrA positive strains.Results qnrA was identi- fied in 7 of the 541 strains.Among the qnrA positive strains,5 were Enterobacter cloacae.No qnrA was detected in nonfer- menters.Quinolone resistance was transferred in 4 of 7 qnrA positive strains.Transconjugants had 12-to 125-fold increases in MIC of ciprofloxacin relative to that of the recipient.Seven strains contained qnrA with a nucleotide sequence identical to that originally reported.Two transconjugants with higher ciprofloxacin MICs contained aac(6')-Ib-cr gene.Mutations occurred in the QRDR of the gyrA and parC genes in 5 PCR-positive clinical strains.Conclusions Transferable plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance associated with qnrA is highly prevalent in clinical strains of Enterobacter spp.aac(6')-Ib-cr gene and mutations in the quinolone targets may co-exist with qnrA,which may contribute to the further increase of resistance to quinolones.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of diazepam and modafinil on acute hepatic failure in mice. METHODS: Acute liver failure was induced in male Kunming strain mice by enterocoelia injecting the mice with D-GalN and LPS . The mice in the treatment groups were given corresponding drug 2 h before the administration of D-GalN and LPS, and the mice in the control group were given the same dose of distilled water. The 24-hour survival rate, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were compared. Serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 and the levels of SOD, MDA, GR, GSH, NO and NOS in the liver were determined. RESULTS: Treatment with diazepam increased the survival rate and improved liver histological feature. Diazepam inhibited the serum levels of ALT, AST, TNF-alpha and IL-1, and reduced levels of MDA, NO and NOS and increased levels of GR and SOD in the liver. Modafinil decreased liver histological feature, increased the serum levels of ALT, AST, TNF-alpha and IL-1, increased level of MDA, and inhabited levels of SOD and GR in the liver. CONCLUSION Treatment with diazepam may suppress the D-GalN/LPS-induced acute hepatic failure and modafinil may facilitate the acute hepatic failure.
Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Diazepam ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Galactosamine ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Failure, Acute ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Modafinil ; Random Allocation

Objective:To observe and compare differences of levels of homocysteine (Hcy),von Willebrand factor (vWF) and tissue factor procoagulant activity (TF-PCA) between patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and healthy resi-dents,and analyze relationship between above 3 indicators and coronary heart disease onset.Methods:Clinical data of 95 CHD emergency patients (CHD group),who were treated in our department of cardiology from Apr 2013 to Dec 2015,and 95 healthy residents (healthy control group) were retrospectively analyzed.According to state of an illness,CHD group was further divided into stable angina pectoris (SAP) group (n＝33),unstable angina pectoris (UAP) group (n＝31) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group (n＝31).Levels of Hcy,vWF and TF-PCA were measured and compared among all groups and different time after onset in CHD patients.Multifactor Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze influ-encing factors of CHD types.Results:Compared with healthy control group,there were significant rise in levels of Hcy [ (9.22 ± 3.45) μmol/L vs.(17.80 ± 6.94) μmol/L],vWF [(122.40 ± 10.18)% vs.(160.13 ± 10.48)%] and TF-PCA [ (30.12 ± 10.49) s vs.(69.45 ± 8.26) s] in CHD group,P＝0.001 all.Compared with SAP group,there were signifi-cant rise in levels of Hcy [ (14.30 ± 3.15) μmol/L vs.(20.50 ± 4.97) μmol/L vs.(25.77 ± 6.10) μmol/L],vWF [ (141.56 ± 9.45)% vs.(168.23 ± 11.29)% vs.(185.56 ± 11.40)%] and TF-PCA [ (45.13 ± 11.52) s vs.(53.16 ± 18.45) s vs.(64.49 ± 11.59) s] in UAP group and AMI group,and those of AMI group were significantly higher than those of UAP group,P＜0.05 or ＜0.01.As onset time went by,there were significant reductions in levels of Hcy,vWF and TF-PCA in CHD patients,and all of them accorded with 1h＞12h＞24h＞48h,there existed significant difference be- tween any two time points,P＝0.001 all.Multifactor Logistic regression analysis indicated that Hcy,vWF and TF-PCA were independent risk factors for CHD type (OR＝2.586～5.058,P＝0.001 all).Conclusion:Levels of Hcy,vWF and TF-PCA significantly rise in CHD patients,the more severe disease is,the higher levels are.Along with time goes by,their levels significantly reduce.Combined detection of them can be used for predicting CHD type.The Hcy,vWF and TF-PCA are independent risk factors for CHD type.

OBJECTIVETo report a case of pure erythroid leukemia.

METHODSThe clinical features, treatment and prognosis of a rare case of pure erythroid leukemia were reported, and the related literature was reviewed.

RESULTSThe pure erythroid leukemia patient was diagnosed by 90.4% pronormoblasts in bone marrow, 99.5% for erythroid antigen CD71, 67.4% for glycophorin A were detected, while no differentiation antigen of myeloid, lymphoid and megakaryocyte lineages were observed. HAG (homoharringtonine + Cytarabine and G-CSF) regimen were administered with no effect. The patient developed multiple organ failure and died soon.

CONCLUSIONPure erythroid leukemia has a fulminant clinical course with poor response to chemotherapy and worse prognosis.

Humans ; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVETo study surgical techniques for degenerative lumbar scoliosis associated with lumbar stenosis and evaluate their clinical significane.

METHODSThirty-two patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis associated with spinal stenosis were treated by techniques of posterior lumbar interbody fusion or posterolateral fusion and pedicle screws. There were 18 male and 14 female with 56.8 years old on the average (ranging from 49 to 75 years). There were no evident change of lumberlordosis in 15 cases, and lumber lordosis were obvious loss associated with lumbar subluxation in 17 cases. The correcting, the improvement of back and leg pain, complications and followed-up results were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThirty-two cases were followed-up for 6 to 39 months (the average time of 13 months). The average correction rate of scoliosis was 58.0% and the rate of pain relief was (80.2 +/- 5.8)%. There were two cases of dura sac laceration, two cases of nerve roots injury and a case of pseudoarthritis. During followed-up, correction rate and height of disc spaces were not lost. Shift of interbody cages were no displaced; all the internal fixation got well fusion and the rate of fusion for the bone graft was 96.9%.

CONCLUSIONPosterior pedicle screws combined with interbody fusion or posterolateral fusion is a safe and effective surgical treatment for degenerative lumbar scoliosis associated with lumbar stenosis.

Aged ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; Spinal Stenosis ; complications ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of tanshinone IIA (TS IIA) pretreatment on the expression of the inflammatory factor IL-1β and RelA mRNA in rats with focal cerebral ischemia.

METHODSA total of 100 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely the model, ischemic preconditioning (IPC), TSIIA preconditioning, TSIIA treatment, sham-operated, and blank control groups. In the former 4 groups, rat models of focal cerebral ischemia were established with corresponding treatments. The expressions of IL-1β and RelA mRNA in each group were detected using RT-PCR.

RESULTSAll the groups showed expressions of IL-1β and RelA mRNA with the exception of the blank control group. Compared to the model group, TSIIA preconditioning group, TSIIA treatment group, and IPC group all had significantly reduced expression of IL-1β and RelA mRNA (P < 0.05). The expressions were lower in IPC group than in TSIIA preconditioning group and TSIIA treatment group(P < 0.05), and no significant difference was found in the expressions between the latter two groups.

CONCLUSIONThe protective effect of pretreatment with TS IIA against cerebral ischemia is related to the reduction of IL-1β and RelA mRNA expressions.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Transcription Factor RelA ; genetics ; metabolism

AIMTo assess the effects of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor Sangzhi (Ramulus mori, SZ) on the relief of diabetic symptoms of hyperglycemia and the prevention of its late complications in alloxan diabetic rats with high-calorie chow.

METHODSThe aqueous extract of Sangzhi was given orally to alloxan diabetic rats for 15 days. The hyperglycemic symptoms were observed. The blood glucose, lipid levels and the nephrotic representations were measured.

RESULTSWhen alloxan diabetic rats on high-calorie chow were treated with SZ, the hyperglycemic symptoms were improved, the blood lipid levels were improved, the ratio of kidney over body weight and the blood N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity were lowered. The degree of renal pathological changes was significantly reduced.

CONCLUSIONSZ may be useful for treating diabetes and its complications.

Acetylglucosaminidase ; blood ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; etiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Kidney ; pathology ; Male ; Morus ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Triglycerides ; blood ; alpha-Glucosidases ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo compare the application of HE and enzyme histochemical staining in assessing the viability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells coagulated by microwave ablation at different temperatures.

METHODSTwo groups of mice (n=6) with transplanted homogenic HCC were treated by microwave ablation at 60 degrees C and 50 degrees C for 3 min, respectively. Before and after microwave ablation, paraffin sections and frozen sections of the tumors were prepared for routine HE staining and enzyme histochemical staining with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase (NADH-diaphorase), respectively, and observed under microscope.

RESULTSShortly after microwave ablation, the morphology and arrangements of the nucleus of the ablated tumor cells in the two groups showed no obvious alteration in HE stained sections, but in sections with enzyme histochemical staining, the activity of NADH-diaphorase in ablated tumor tissue at 60 degrees C disappeared, suggesting the death of HCC cells; sporadic activity of the enzyme was detected in the coagulated tumor at 50 degrees C, indicating tumor cells surviving the ablation. The ablation effect was markedly different between the two groups (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONHE staining is not suitable for evaluation of HCC destruction immediately after microwave ablation, and detection of NADH-diaphorase activity with the enzyme histochemical method better suits this purpose.

Animals ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Female ; Histocytochemistry ; methods ; Liver Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; therapy ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; enzymology ; pathology ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microwaves ; therapeutic use ; Temperature

BACKGROUNDTranscription factors hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF 1alpha) and endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1) promote the transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF enhances angiogenesis and vascular permeability of tumours, which promotes tumour growth and facilitates entry of cancer cells into blood circulation and metastasizing. This study examined whether HIF 1alpha and EPAS1 stimulated angiogenesis through activation of VEGF in human pancreatic carcinoma.

METHODSSpecimens from pancreatic carcinoma and healthy parts of same pancreas were taken from 60 patients. Real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction estimated expression of HIF 1alpha, EPAS1, and VEGF mRNAs. Western blotting and immunohistochemical, streptavidin peroxidase method assessed expression of HIF 1alpha, EPAS1, and VEGF proteins. Microvessel density (MVD) was assessed.

RESULTSHighly significant increases in expression of EPAS1, VEGF, and MVD were found in pancreatic carcinoma tissue but not in normal pancreatic tissue: VEGF at mRNA and protein levels (t = 17.32, P = 0.0001; t = 98.41, P = 0.0001); EPAS1 protein level (t = 22.51, P = 0.0001). Expression of HIF 1alpha was similar in pancreatic carcinoma and normal pancreatic tissues at both mRNA and protein levels. Significant correlations were observed between EPAS1 and VEGF (r = 0.736, P = 0.0041), between VEGF and MVD (r = 0.858, P = 0.0001), and between EPAS1 and MVD (r = 0.641, P = 0.0003). No significant correlations were observed between HIF 1alpha and VEGF, or between HIF 1alpha and MVD. MVD and expression of EPAS1 and VEGF were significantly related with TNM staging, so was EPASI and VEGF with size of tumour.

CONCLUSIONSEPAS1 and VEGF, but not HIF1alpha, are overexpressed in pancreatic carcinoma. The expression of EPAS1 is correlated with that of VEGF and MVD. EPAS1 may be involved in the angiogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma by upregulating the expression of VEGF. Targeting EPAS1 may be a new method of antiangiogenic tumour therapy for pancreatic carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Blotting, Western ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Young Adult