Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Proctectomy ; Rectal Neoplasms/surgery* ; Rectum/surgery* ; Transanal Endoscopic Surgery

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of superparamagnetic chitosan FGF-2 gelatin microspheres (SPCFGM) on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells. The superparamagnetic iron oxide chitosan nanoparticles (SPIOCNs) were synthesized by means of chemical co-precipitation, combined with FGF-2. Then The SPCFGM and superparamagnetic chitosan gelatin microspheres (SPCGM) were prepared by means of crosslinking-emulsion. The properties of SPCFGM and SPIONs were measured by laser diffraction particle size analyser and transmisson electron microscopy. The SPCFGM were measured for drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency and release pharmaceutical properties in vitro. The C3H10 cells were grouped according to the different ingredients being added to the culture medium: SPCFGM group, SPCGM group and DMEM as control group. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by DAPI staining. The protein expression level of FGF-2 was determined by Western blot. The proliferation activity and cell cycle phase of C3H10 were examined by CCK8 and flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that both of the SPIOCNs and SPCFGM were exhibited structure of spherical crystallization with a diameter of (25 ± 9) nm and (140 ± 12) μm, respectively. There were no apoptosis cells in the three group cells. Both the protein expression level of FGF-2 and cell proliferation activity increased significantly in the SPCFGM group cells (P < 0.05). The SPCFGM is successfully constructed and it can controlled-release FGF-2, remained the biological activity of FGF-2, which can promote proliferation activity of C3H10 cells, and are non-toxic to the cell.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Chitosan ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; pharmacology ; Gelatin ; Magnetite Nanoparticles ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; drug effects ; Mice ; Microspheres ; Plasmids

Based on the conserved region nucleotide sequences of five potato viruses/viroid(Alfalfa Mosaic Virus,ALMV;Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV;Cucumber mosaic virus-satellite,CMV-sat;Potato virus Y,PVY;Potato spindle tuber viroid,PSTVd) and one inner control(18S rRNA),the microarray containing specific oligonucleotide probes and PCR probes were designed and fabricated.The effects of probe concentration,hybridization time,hybridization temperature and spotting solutions on microarray hybridiazation were evaluated.Finally the specificity of optimized plant virus detection array was validated.No significant effect on hybridization signal intensity was observed when the concentration of the oligonucleotide probes ranged from 5 to 20 ?mol/L,there was a linear relationship between the concentration of PCR probe and hybridization signal intensity.The greatest signal intensity were obtained when hybridized at 45℃ for 4 h,and the oligonucleotide probes and PCR probes had a similar effect on microarray hybrization.Among the different spotting solutions,DMSO produced a good reproducibility.The plant virus could be detected specifically by oligonucleotide probe microarray and PCR probe microarray after optimization.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Guishen Pill (GSP) on expression levels of Oct-4, MVH, and Egr-1 in mice with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).

METHODSTotally 40 female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, the normal control group, the model group, the GSP group, and the dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) group, 10 in each group. Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) were sequentially administrated to produce superovulation. The DOR model was established by exposing to ozone inhalation. Mice in the GSP group were intragastrically administered with GSP at 0.3 mL. Those in the DHEA group were intragastrically administered with DHEA at 0.3 mL. Equal volume of normal saline was intragastrically administered to mice in the normal control group and the model group. All mice wer treated for 21 days. Serum levels of estrogen (E2), progestogen (P), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) were measured by ELISA. Changes of Oct-4, anti-AMH, and early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) mRNA in ovaries were dtected by Real-time PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, serum levels of E2, P, and AMH, as well as contents of estrogen receptor (ER), progestogen receptor (PR), MVH, and Oct-4 mRNA significantly increased in the GSP group and the DHEA group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGSP could improve expression levels of Oct-4, MVH, and Egr-1 mRNA in DOR mice and their ovarian function.

Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; metabolism ; Dehydroepiandrosterone ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Early Growth Response Protein 1 ; metabolism ; Estrogens ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3 ; metabolism ; Ovarian Reserve ; Ovary ; Pregnancy ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Superovulation

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) dispensing is the final step of TCM used for clinical treatment, the stability of TCM dispensing is the guarantee of good clinical effect. Establishment of effect-constituent equivalence for Chinese herbal pieces based on clinical efficacy, can not only guarantee the stability of TCM dispensing, but also relate to the precision of clinical effect. This study chose Coptidis Rhizoma as the model, established effect-constituent equivalence of Coptidis Rhizoma, based on the effect-constituent index already established by our research group, and taking into consideration of homogeneity of clinical dosage and compliance of decoction, the uniformity of dispensing for different specification of Coptidis Rhizoma decoction pieces was studied. This research model was then applied to guide the specification-optimization of Coptidis Rhizoma and its clinical dispensing. The result indicated, effective constituent equivalence could reflect the fluctuation of specification, dosage and decoction to the fluctuation of efficacy; Optimized Coptidis Rhizoma decoction pieces had the characteristic of high homogeneity as for clinical dispensing, good compliance as for decoction, and high effective constituent equivalence. In conclusion, effective constituent equivalence could improve relevance of methods of TCM dispensing control to clinical effect. Preparated Superior-standard Decoction Pieces based on effective constituent equivalence was featured by good quality and a good practice of adjustable dosage, which could promote the development of TCM decoction pieces toward precision medicine.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Therapeutic Equivalency

Diastole ; physiology ; Exercise ; physiology ; Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Systole ; physiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)with the acellular dermal matrix(ADM) biological patch for the treatment of external anal sphincter injury on the animal models.

METHODSThirty Wistar rats with sphincter injury were randomly divided into three groups. Group A underwent end to end sphincteric repair directly, group B underwent end to end repair and then covered by ADM patch, and group C underwent end to end repair and then covered by ADM which was previously seeded with MSC. After six weeks, the whole ring specimens including anal canal and lower rectum were removed. The hematoxylin and eosin stain and Masson trichrome stain were performed to observe the change of histomorphology.

RESULTSTwo weeks later, the majority of rat models presented with moist anus and crissum with loose stools, which indicated that the model was established successfully. Six weeks after repair, in group A and B, the suffusion of fibrous connective tissue and the infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed at the repair site of sphincter. And lots of collagen fiber which was stained into blue deposited dispersedly at the site of repair with no obvious proliferation of capillaries. However, in group C, the blue collagenous fiber which deposited at the sphincter injury site was less than that in groups A and B. Muscle fibers were observed to be stained into red distributed dispersedly at the repair site of sphincter in group C.

CONCLUSIONSTransplantation of ADM biological patch rich in bone MSC can partly improve the regeneration of rat injured anal sphincter and lessen the formation of cicatrix.

Acellular Dermis ; Anal Canal ; injuries ; surgery ; Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo systematically assess the clinical efficacy of bone morphogenetic proteins in the treatment of open tibial fractures.

METHODSBased on the principles and methods of Cochrane systematic reviews, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Bio-medicine Database, China Journal Full-text Database, VIP database were searched from their establishment to April 2012 in whatever language. Related journals were handsearched as well. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of bone morphogenetic protein for the treatment of open tibial fractures were included. The quality of the included trials according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version was assessed. The Cochrane Collaboration's software RevMan 5.1 was used for meta-analysis.

RESULTSThree RCTs totaling 851 patients were included. The results showed that bone morphogenetic protein had no significant differences in fracture healing [RR = 1.16, 95% CI (0.95,1.41), P = 0.15], but lower secondary interventions incidence rate [RR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.58, 0.89), P = 0.003]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of adverse events of infection [RR = 1.31, 95% CI (0.94, 1.81), P = 0.11] and pain [RR = 0.92, 95% CI (0.79, 1.08), P = 0.30].

CONCLUSIONBone morphogenetic protein has certain advantages in treating open tibial fractures. It needs more high-quality articles to assess the long-term effect of different courses of treatments. The above conclusion still needs more high-quality randomized controlled trails to be verified owing to the limitations of the number and quality of systematic review included studies.

Adult ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Tibial Fractures ; drug therapy

The aim was to study the roles that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and cytokines play in cord blood CD34(+) cell expansion ex vivo and the influence of culture ex vivo on expression of the adhesive molecule of CD44. CD34(+) cells sorted from cord blood cells had been cultured in each well of 24 well culture plates containing culture medium supplemented with mesenchymal stem cells layer or/and cytokines for a week, and then all kinds of indexes of different groups were compared. The results showed that as for cord blood cell expansion, there was no significant difference between the groups with cytokines SDF-1alpha + SCF + TPO + FL and SCF + TPO + FL no matter if MSC layer existed or not. The groups with MSC layer and cytokines were superior to the corresponding groups without MSC layer. In addition, the expression of the adhesion molecule CD44 had no distinct change after culture. It is concluded that SDF-1alpha has no distinct influence on the effect of cytokines SCF + TPO + FL on cord blood cell expansion ex vivo. MSC enhance the effect of cytokines on cord blood cell expansion ex vivo. Such expansion ex vivo may not influence the expression of the adhesive molecule CD44 on cord blood cells.
Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Flow Cytometry ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVEThis review discusses the current status and progress in studies on fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis (FCDC), including the definition, risk factor, diagnostic role of CT, surgical treatment, postoperative mortality, and new therapeutic strategy.

DATA SOURCESA literature search was conducted mainly in Medline and PubMed published in English between January 2000 and May 2011. The search terms were "ulminant Clostridium difficile colitis" "reatment", "urgery" and "ortality"

RESULTSRecent studies show that the overall mortality rate for FCDC remains high despite early surgical intervention. It has been difficult to identify the real value for surgical intervention in patients with FCDC due to the absence of prospective, randomized studies. Early recognition of patients with FCDC will help a clinician decide the need for treatment in an intensive care setting, multi-disciplinary consultation, and appropriate therapeutic selection. Some studies emphasize the importance of early recognition and emergent surgery at a less severe stage. Monoclonal antibody therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment may be useful for the treatment of FCDC.

CONCLUSIONSPresent studies do not provide strong evidence for guiding the surgical treatment of FCDC; hence, creation of collaborative research networks is crucial in order to undertake large prospective multi-center studies for improvement in overall survival.

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Clostridium Infections ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Clostridium difficile ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; therapeutic use