Background Choroidal neovascularization(CNV)has been descrihed as a main reason of visual loss in a lot of ocular diseases.Researches showed that local hypoxia and retinal pigment epithelial(RPE) cells play an important role in the formation of CNV.A closely relationship of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and angiogenesis has been proved.However,whether the expression of Aog-2 in hypoxic cultured human RPE cells is associated with the pathogenesis of CNV is still below understood.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of hypoxia on expression of Ang-2 in cultured human RPE cells in vitro,and discuss the possible effects of Ang-2 in the formation of CNV.Methods Human RPE cells were cultured and passaged,and 4-7 generation of cells were used in the experiment.The cells were incubated in cultural plate at the density of 5×107 cells/L.The culture medium containing 200 μmol/L CoCl2 was used to establish the hypoxia model of human RPE cells culturecd in vitro for 0.5,1,2,4,6,12and 24 hours,and the RPE cells cultured under normoxia were as controls.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of Ang-2 mRNA in cultured human RPE cells,and enzymelinked immunosorbnent assay(ELISA) was used to assay the content of Ang-2 protein in supernatant of cultured human RPE cells.Results The survival rate of human RPE cells was 90％ after resoscitation.The fourth generation of cells showed the fusiform with the less pigment in them.The Ang-2 mRNA/β-actin mRNA value in human RPE cells was significantly different among various groups(F=1086.30,P=0.00),The Ang-2 mRN A/β-actin mRNA value in hypoxia cultured for 0.5 hours group began to increase and peaked in hypoxia culture for 4-6 hours group,with the significant differences in comparison with normoxia control group(P＜0.05).The Ang-2 mRNA/β-actin mRNA value decreased to the baseline level at hypoxia for 24 hours.The ELISA analysis showed that the concentration of Ang-2 protein in supernatant of RPE cells showed significant difference among groups(F=1034.00,P=0.00).The concentration of Ang-2 protein increased at hypoxia culture for 0.5 hours and peaked at 6 hours,showing significant differences in comparison with the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Hypoxia could significantly up-regulate the expression of Ang-2 in human RPE cells cultured in vitro.Ang-2 expresses highly in the early stage of hypoxia,implying that Ang-2 participates in the formation of CNV.

This study collected demographic data, past history, personal history, family history, dosage, solvent, combined medication information of adverse reaction cases from a prospective, multi center, large sample intensive hospital monitoring, and found the influencing factors with cross-tab analysis. The results showed that in the medication group of 19-45, patients with allergic histories had a higher proportion in ADR; in the medication group of 46-65, male patients with allergic histories had a higher proportion in ADR; indication and non-indication group, patients of 19-45 years old, with combined medications and allergy histories had a higher proportion in ADR; Non-indication medication group, patients with combined medication, higher concentration, out-instruction solvent and dosage, had a higher proportion in ADR. So, the ADRs of Shenfu injection were related to the history of drug allergy, and also related to the indication, dosage, solvent, concentration when it was used.
Adult ; Aged ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies

This article systematically summarizes the non-clinical safety studies, pharmacological studies and postmarketing safety studies of Xiyanping injection based on literature. These studies include acute toxicity test, long-term toxicity test, reproductive toxicity test, active and passive anaphylaxis test, curative mechanism study, clinical trials of effectiveness, active surveillance, security analysis of passive monitoring data, the real world analysis of hospital information system (HIS) data, literature analysis, etcetera This article also analysis the relationship of the different evidence, summarizes the strategy of the researches, in order to make it to be a reference for making a systemic research program of traditional Chinese medicine injection.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing

Research on post-marketing Chinese medicine should be the systematic study from application to mechanism. Clinical evaluation is the basis of mechanism study, we can find the clue from clinical evaluation, then make a mechanism study to find the reason, then apply the results to clinic. So it is a virtuous circle. In order to achieve it, we cannot be limited to traditional Chinese medicine, we should form multi-disciplinary team under the direction of grand science thinking, try hard to put industry-university-research institute collaboration association to use, and if necessary, explore the new model of the whole nation system. An appropriate operation mechanism is very important.
Biomedical Research ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

To analyze the regularity in combined medication with Xiyanping injection (Xiyanping for short) in the real world by as- sociation rules. Totally 5 822 patients using Xiyanping injection was collected from the 18 Class III Grade I hospitals nationwide to study the combined medication information of the patient with lung infection and make the analysis by using association rules and Apriori. According to the results, major drugs combined with Xiyanping in treatment of lung infection included compound amino acid, inosine, coenzyme A, cytidine triphosphate, vitamin C. Common drugs combined with Xiyanping can be divided into 5 categories: nutrition support therapy (vitamin C, compound amino acid) , coenzymes (coenzyme A, cytidine triphosphate, inosine), expectorants and antiasthmatics (ambroxol, salbutamol, doxofylline), hormones (dexamethasone, budesonide), antibiotics (mainly cefminox). The main combined medicines mostly conformed to the regularity for drugs treating lung infection. In addition, there were two most common medical combination models: the model for Xiyanping combined a single medicine is Xiyanping + nutrition support therapy, while the model for Xiyanping combined two or more than two medicines is Xiyanping + nutrition support therapy + coenzyme. Pharmacologically, Xiyanping is mostly combined with western medicines with similar pharmacological effects to substitute or supplement the antibiotic effect in treating lung infection. However, further studies shall be conducted for the safety and rationality of the combined medication based on clinical practices, in order to provide reference for clinical medication.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; Ascorbic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Cephamycins ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism and its relation to serum total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG) levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver.Methods Serum levels of TC,TG, TSH,TT_3 and TT_4 were determined in 1 602 subjects which were divided into groups by sex and age (20-39,40- 59 and≥60 years).Fatty liver was diagnosed by type B ultrasonography.Restults ( 1 ) Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 6.6% in this population.(2) The mean levels of serum TC and TG in subclinical hypothyroidism group and normal group showed no significant difference ( both P＞0.05 ).(3) On the whole,the prevalences of subclinical hypothyroidism in hypercholesterolemia group and normal cholesterolemia group showed significant difference (P＜0.01 ).(4) In the three age groups of male and few.ale examinees,the prevalences of subclinical hypothyroidism in hypercholesterulemla group and normal cholesterolemia group showed no significant difference ( all P＞0.05 ).In the multiple regression analysis,TSH level was not related with raised TC level.(5) In the three age groups of male,there was no significant difference between the prevalences of subclinical hypothyroidism in hypertriglyceridemla group and normal triglyceridemia group ( all P＞0.05 ).In female,expect for the elderly group (＞60 years old ),the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was higher in hypertriglyceridemia group than that in normal triglyceridemia.However,in the multiple regression analysis, increased TSH level was positively associated with increased serum TG level ( OR = 1.072,P=0.013 and OR = 1.102,P = 0.03 ).(6) The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in non-alcobolic fatty liver group and normal group showed no significant difference ( P＞0.05 ).In the multiple regression analysis,TSH level was not the independent risk factor of non-alcoholic fatty liver (P＞0.05 ).Conclusion Subclinical hypothyroidism is not asseciated with serum TC level but positively associated with serum TG level.Subclinical hypothyroidism does not apparently increase the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver.

Objective To investigate the association of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase(PAF-AH) activity in children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS).Methods The plasma PAF-AH activity was measured in 78 children with PNS who were divided into 3 groups:steroid-responsive nephritic,steroid-dependent nephritic,steroid-resistent nephritic,after they had been given steroid for 6 months.The plasma PAF-AH activity were also measured in 60 healthy children at the same age,with spectrophotometric assay,at the ame time,the blood cholesterol was measured.Results The blood cholesterol has positive correlation with the plasma PAF-AH activity,there was no significant difference of the blood cholesterol among 3 groups in nephrotic syndrome children,there was a significant difference in the plasma PAF-AH activity among 3 groups in PNS children,but there was no significant difference in the plasma PAF-AH activity between the groups of steroid-responsive nephritic and healthy children.Conclusion Plasma PAF-AH activity is related to the sensibility to steroid treatment in children′s PNS,and the plasma PAF-AH activity in steroid-resistent nephritic is higher than steroid-dependent nephritic.It is a question that if gene mutation is related with PAF-AH activity.

Objective To release the correlation of point mutation of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase(PAF-AH)gene and primary nephritic syndrome (PNS).Method According to the effect of hormonal therapy,94 children with PNS were divided into three groups:steroid-sensitive nephritic syndrome(SSNS),steroid-resistent nephritic syndrome(SRNS),steroid-dependent nephritic syndrome(SDNS).The point mutation of PAF-AH gene (G994T) were identified by molecular biology technique in children with PNS and 239 healthy children were set as control group.Results No statistics differences were found relating to the genotype and allele frequencies between patients with PNS,SSNS,SRNS and normal controls.But it is confirmed that the genotype and allele frequencies among patients with nephritic type nephritic syndrome (NTNS)was higher than patients with simple type nephritic syndrome(STNS) and normal controls.SDNS was higher than both SSNS and normal controls.The number of relapses during the first year after onset was significantly higher in the patients who were heterozygous for the mutant allele (GT) or homozygotes (TT) than in those of the GG homozygotes.Conclusion Most PNS children with PAF-AH gene mutation occurred at position 994 were NTNS.The risk of relapse during the treatment period was higher in patients with PAF-AH gene mutation occurred at position 994.

Technological improvement for microorgnism isolation is important since isolation provides substantial materials for the exploitation of new microbial resources. In this study, a new approach, dispersion and differential cetrifugation (DDC), was applied in the isolation of acidophilic and acidoduric streptomycetes from 12 acid soil samples. Contrast with traditional method, the new approach yielded satisfying results with 2 - 20 times isolation efficiency and good selectivity. 45 representatives out of 249 streptomycetes isolates, which belonged to 12 color groups, showed morphology and cell wall type consistent with streptomycetes. The optimum pH range for their growth were between pH 4.5 - 5.5. It is proved that we succeeded in the rare-streptomycetes isolation using DDC approach.

AIMTo establish an HPLC-ELSD method for the quantification of pedunculoside, ziyuglycoside I and rutundic acid, in the leaves of Ilex purpurea Hassk.

METHODSBy optimizing the chromatographic conditions of HPLC and the parameters of ELSD to study the methodology. Column: Allsphere ODS-2 (250 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microns), mobile phase: methanol-water (59:41), flow rate: 1.0 mL.min-1, drift tube temperature: 59 degrees C, gas flow rate: 2.38 L.min-1.

RESULTSThe calibration curves were linear in the range of 2.56-25.60 micrograms for pedunculoside, 1.64-16.40 micrograms for ziyuglycoside I and 3.74-37.40 micrograms for rutundic acid. The average recovery of pedunculoside was 96.3%, RSD 1.59% (n = 5), ziyuglycoside I 97.3%, RSD 3.82% (n = 5), rutundic acid 97.7%, RSD 2.11% (n = 5). All of RSDs of the precision were less than 4% (n = 6), and the reproduciblities less than 5% (n = 6).

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, accurate, effective and feasible. It can be used for the determination of the contents of pedunculoside, ziyuglycoside I and rutundic acid in leaf of Ilex purpurea Hassk.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Glucose ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Ilex ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Saponins ; analysis ; Triterpenes ; analysis