The effects of low-level radiation on cAMP in peasma, adrenal and testis and cGMP in adrenal of rats were studied. Adult male rats were given whole-body irradiation with x-rays at a dose rate of 15 mGy/min. They were irradiated with 50 and 100 mGy daffy for 30 days within 5 weeks with cumulative doses of 1.5 and 3.0 Gy respectively. One, two and four weeks after termination of irradiation, the levels of cAMP in plasma, the adrenal gland and testis, the level of cGMP in the adrenal gland and the weights of the body, testes and pitutary were examined. The weights of testes decreased within 4 weeks after irradiation as compared with the control and the level of cAMP in the testis was significantly increased at weeks 1 and 2 in the 3.0 Gy group. At week 4, it returned to near normal. In another experiment, animals were irradiated with ~(60)Co ?-ray at a dose rate of 45.3?Gy/min, 16.3 mGy/6h/day and 6 days per week. At 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 weeks, with cumalative doses of 0.59, 0.98, 1.37, 1.76 and 2.15 Gy respectively, the levels of cAMP in the pitutary and testis and testicular weight were quantified. No significant changes were found. These results suggest that dose rate is an important factor In the determination of the degree of damage of the testis following low-level irradiation.

The paper discusses the basic contents, characteristics, and development trend of training programs abroad for high level hospital administrators as represented by MHA (Master of Hospital Administration) programs. Those programs establish curricula and training modes in light of the primary tasks and responsibilities of high level hospital administrators. They attach importance to the cultivation of concepts of macro health and ideas of modern management, provide training in methodologies of public health as represented by bio statistics and epidemiology, emphasize practical matters of operation and management such as hospital planning, quality control and financial accounting, and make wide use of case studies so as to enhance the abilities to solve practical problems. Hospital reform and development make it imperative to improve the training of high level hospital administrators, which must be properly oriented, and to develop domestic MHA programs with Chinese characteristics by utilizing existing resources of health administration education and integrate relevant courses.

Objective To investigate the technique and feasibility of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Methods Sixteen patients with esophageal carcinoma underwent esophagectomy by VATS between October 2002 and October 2003. The tumors were found in mid-segment in 13 patients and lower segment in 3 patients. Their TNM staging was: stage T 1 2 patients, stage T 2 5 patients and stage T 3 9 patients; stage Ⅰ 2 patients, stage Ⅱ 8 patients and stage Ⅲ 6 patients. Results No conversion to open surgery was required. The operation time of VATS was 90～150 min (mean, 110 min). The number of removed mediastinal lymph nodes was 6～14 (mean, 7.3). Drainage tube was taken out 2～3 days after operation and the drainage volume was 300～600 ml. No complications were seen. Conclusions VATS for esophageal carcinoma is feasible. Indications for VATS should be stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ and in addition no outward infiltration (≤stage T 3).

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common disease of ophthalmology,often causes irreversible decline of patients' vision,which has two features including macular oedema,diabetic retinal neovascularization.Diabetic retinal neovascularization is one of the most important reasons leading to blindness.Endostatin (ES) is one of the most effective agents inhibiting angiogenesis,whose biological function has a close relationship with its chemical construction.However,its mechanisms of treating diabetic retinal neovascularization are very complicated and remain unclear.Therefore,in this review we summarized several possible mechanisms,including regulating the expression of extracellular matrix,inhibiting the expression of pro-angiogenic factors,and regulating the signaling pathways,by which ES may inhibiting diabetic retinal neovascularization.

BACKGROUND:Number of experimental and clinical studies have shown that stem celltransplantation can establish new blood vessels and improve heart function instead of necrotic myocardium, to significantly improved clinical symptoms and prognosis of cardiovascular disease patients.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the safety of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells transplantation in patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure.
METHODS:A total of 12 patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure (acute myocardial infarction and heart failure in six cases, old myocardial infarction and heart failure in six cases) were enrol ed in this study. Patients were treated on the basis of standard medication and percutaneous coronary intervention. The coronary pathway was established via a percutaneous catheter, and suspension of cord blood mononuclear cells was injected through microcatheter into the distal artery. Routine blood test was carried out at 1 week after celltransplantation, blood routine, liver function, kidney function, C-reactive protein, IgA, IgG were compared preoperatively and postoperatively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The incidence of adverse reactions in cord blood stem celltransplantation was 8.3%, including one case of fever. No micro-embolism occurred. During 1-week fol ow-up, no graft-versus-host disease appeared. After celltransplantation, there were no significant changes in blood routine, liver function, kidney function, C-reactive protein, IgA, IgG. These findings indicate umbilical cord blood monomuclear cells transplantation is safe in a short term for patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Clq/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related protein 9 (CTRP9)and coronary heart disease.Methods A total of 232 patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease(CHD)by coronary angiography at our hospital were selected as the CHD group,and 90 cases with normal coronary angiography served as the control group.The double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to determine serum CTRP9 levels.Results Serum CTRP9 levels were lower in the CHD patients than in the controls [(116.9±19.5)ng/ml vs.(142.3±17.9)ng/ml,t＝-5.404,P＝0.000].SerumCTRP91evelswere negatively correlated with body mass index,fasting plasma insulin,fasting blood glucose,insulin resistanceindex(IRI),triglyceride and TNF-α(r＝-0.230,-0.225,-0.267,-0.235,-0.230and-0.222,P＝0.017,0.011,0.002,0.010,0.011 and 0.022).Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that uric acid,IRI,CTRP9,and TNF-α were independent influencing factors for CHD,of which CTRP9 was a protective factor for CHD occurrence(OR ＝ 0.907,95％C1:0.854～0.963,P＝ 0.001).Conclusions Decreased serum levels of CTRP9 are associated with coronary heart disease,indicating that CTRP9 may play a protective role in coronary heart disease occurrence.

Objective To investigate the immunoregulatory effects of immunonutrient ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and its applications in organ transplantation. Methods Relevant literatures of recent years were reviewed. Results The immunoregulatory effects of ?-3 PUFA can inhibit proliferation and activation of the immunocompetent cells including T cell and B cell, reduce cytokine production, modulate immunologic response, improve graft function, pro-long survival, reduce episodes of rejection, and lessen adverse reactions of immunosuppressor.Conclusion ?-3 PUFA should have wide applications in organ transplantation due to its immunoregulatory effects. However, this research should be further studied.

Objective To evaluate the estrogen activity of DDE by using MCF-7 cell proliferation bioassay.Methods The estrogen activity of DDE was tested by using the MCF-7 cell multiplication experiment in vitro and the mechanism was explored preliminarily through growth curve analysis.Results DDE showed an obvious estrogenic activity in the MCF-7 cell proliferation and the cell cycle analysis indicated that cell proliferation index in DDE group was significantly higher than that in the control group.Conclusion DDE has the estrogenic activity and the mechanism may be the same as that of E2,that is,binding with the estrogen receptor is the first step of the following biological effects.

0.05). The stained neuronal cells were seen at spinal cord anterior horn under the reverse tracing by horse radish peroxidase (HRP). Conclusions There is no significant difference in repair of peripheral nerve defects between embryonic spinal cord transplantation and nerve allograft in the aspects of immunology, electrophysiology, muscular humidity and density, and histology.