At the moment of its WTO accession, China also enters the stage of mass higher education. Mass higher education is an objective inevitability of the economic and social development. China's mass higher education lays a firm foundation for China to join the WTO and the WTO entry in turn brings considerable opportunities to it. It is expected that the WTO entry will promote the process of mass higher education of China.

Objective To evaluate the thoracolumbar injury severity score [ thoracolumbar injury classifica-tion and severity score(TLICS)]and repeatability,and analyze its clinical significance in the treatment of injury of thoracolumbar.Methods The clinical and imaging data of our hospital (thoracolumbar X ray,CT examination,MRI examination) of intact thoracolumbar fractures in 90 patients were retrospectively analyzed ,respectively,TLICS score were made for their site of spinal injury morphology ,neural function and the posterior ligament complex three .Three months after reviewed ,TLICS was analyzed by using Cohen weighted kappa coefficient score .Its repeatability was ana-lyzed.Results According to the TLICS system ,spinal injury body ,nerve function and the integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex were evaluated , respectively, the repeatability coefficient of Kappa , the calculated total to 0.47 non operation group,operation group,the total score was 0.46,with a moderate consistency.The neural function evaluation of the highest high consistency ,consistency .No significant differences between the two groups of repetitive Kappa coefficient(statistical values =0.674 5,P>0.05).According to the TLICS system of statistical accuracy ,the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity ratios was 95.8%,86.4%,97.6%,respectively.Conclusion The reliability of TLICS system for thoracolumbar treatment and recovery is higher ,relative comprehensive evaluation ,which can effec-tively guide the clinical treatment .

Objective:To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptors(TLRs)signaling pathway in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)with nasal polyps.Method:Gene microarray analysis was used to detect the expression of TLRs signaling pathway in CRS with nasal polyps.Result:Of 19 differentially expressed(two-fold changes),4genes were upregulated and 15 genes were downregulated.Conclusion:The differentially expressed genes in TLRs signaling pathway may exert its effect in the pathogenesis of CRS.In addition,the roles of TLR9 and its agonists need further study.

BACKGROUND:Recently, bone tissue engineering is highlighted from the nature source. OBJECTIVE:To explore the preparation of a cuttlebone-transformed hydroxyapatite scaffold as the novel bone substitution. METHODS: As raw materials, the cuttlebone appeared to have a hydrothermal reaction with diammonium phosphate under specific conditions, and the hydrothermal products were characterized respectively by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The results showed that the hydrothermal products were hydroxyapatite. The cuttlebone-transformed hydroxyapatite possessed good three-dimensional structure. Cytocompatibility of the cuttlebone-transformed hydroxyapatite with MG63 cels culturedin vitro were observed and we found the cuttlebone-transformed hydroxyapatite had no obvious effects on cellgrowth and no toxicity, which can be used as new bone tissue engineering scaffolds.

Objective To explore the interactions between human leukocyte antigen ( HLA)-DRB1 gene polymorphism and environmental risk factors in gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) pathogenesis.Methods Pregnant women who had prenatal cares in Obstetric Department , West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University were recruited from January 1st to December 31st in 2011.A prospective cohort study was conducted in the women who had a glucose challenge test ( GCT) or 75 g oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT) during 24-28 gestational weeks.A total of 104 women diagnosed with GDM were randomly included in GDM group while another 103 normal women fell into the control group.The HLA-DRB1 polymorphism was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction -Sequence Specific Primers ( PCR-SSP) method in both groups.The interactions between HLA-DRB1 polymorphism and environmental risk factors were analyzed based on the simple-case-study method.Results ( 1 ) There were 712 pregnant women with complete perinatal information during January 1st to December 31st, 2011, among whom 175 (24.6%) women were diagnosed with GDM.A logistic regression analysis showed that advanced maternal age (OR=1.081, 95%CI:1.027-1.138), imbalanced diet (OR=3.329, 95%CI:2.167 -5.116), high body mass index (BMI≥24.0 kg/m2) before pregnancy (OR=1.095, 95%CI:1.008 -1.190), HBsAg carrier status (OR=3.173, 95%CI:1.387-7.260) and family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR=1.798, 95%CI:1.063 -3.041) were risk factors of GDM.(2) There were 49 HLA-DRB1 genotypes and 51 HLA-DRB1 genotypes in GDM group and the control group , respectively.We further compared the genotypes that occurred in over 3 cases in either group and found that HLA-DRB1*12,16 was only detected in 5 cases (5/103, 4.9%) in control group,and the difference was significant between the two groups (P=0.029).HLA-DRB1*11,16 and HLA-DRB1*09,09 were only detected in 4 cases (3.8%,4/104) and 5 cases (4.8%, 5/104) in GDM group respectively , but without significant differences between the two groups ( P >0.05 ).No significant difference was found in other genotype frequencies between the two groups ( P>0.05 ).( 3 ) Thirteen types of HLA-DRB1 allele were detected but no significant differences were observed in their frequencies between two groups ( P>0.05).(4) A positive interaction was detected between HLA-DRB1*07 polymorphism and advanced maternal ages (OR=5.952, 95%CI:1.314-26.970, P=0.022), while no interaction was found between HLA-DRB polymorphisms to other risk factors such as imbalanced diet , high body mass index ( BMI≥24.0 kg/m2 ) , HBsAg carrier status or DM family history.Conclusions Advanced maternal age, unbalanced diet, high body mass index (BMI≥24.0 kg/m2), HBsAg carrier status and DM family history are environmental risk factors of GDM in Chengdu.While HLA-DRB1*12,16 genotype may be a protective genotype for GDM.There is a positive interaction between HLA-DRB1*07 polymorphism and advanced maternal age which may play a critic role in GDM development.

Objective To investigate the correlation of serum advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the expression of receptor for AGE (RAGE) with mental disorders in senile people. Methods All the subjects aged 65～67 years were divided into 4 groups: healthy control (31 cases), Alzheimer's disease (AD) (36 eases), vascular dementia (VD) (20 cases) and mental disorder (MD) (28 cases). Fluorospectrophotometry was carried out to measure the AGEs levels in serum samples, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the mRNA levels of RAGE in white blood cells. Results AGEs levels were 477. 1±36.2, 512. 6±33.2 and 415.2±32.5 AU/ml in AD, VD and MD group, respectively, which were higher than that in healthy control group (357.4±28. 2) AU/ml (F=3.77,P<0. 05). The mRNA levels of RAGE(RAGE/b- actin) were found to be 1.12±0.34, 1.27±0.41 and 1.18±0.42 in AD, VD and MD group, respectively, which were also significantly higher than that in healthy control group(0. 92±0. 37, F= 4. 07,P<0. 01). However, no significant differences were found in RAGE mRNA levels among the three groups of AD,VD and MD (F=0. 979,P>0. 05). The mRNA levels of RAGE in WBCs were found to be positively correlated with the serum AGEs levels (r=0. 442, P<0. 01). Conclusions Compared with patients in healthy control group, the serum AGEs levels and RAGE mRNA levels are significantly increased in patients with AD, VD and MD. The interaction between AGEs and RAGE may be involved in the pathogenesis of mental disorders in senile people.

Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; injuries ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Pharynx ; injuries ; Wounds, Penetrating ; diagnosis ; therapy

Method: Two hundreds cases of chronic prostatitis were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group, 100 cases in each group, to observe the therapeutic effects in the clinical symptoms before and after acupuncture treatments and compare the therapeutic effects of the acupoints between the two groups. Results: Clinical subjective symptoms and examination of prostatic fluid were obviously improved in the treatment group (Group Ⅰ) than in the control group (Group Ⅱ), and the effective rate was 100% in the treatment group and was 91% in the control group, in a significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion: There is a remarkable therapeutic effect in the treatment of chronic prostatitis by puncturing four acupoints at the root of penis in combination with related acupoints.

Objective To investigate the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in different grades of glioma and the relationship with MRI characteristics. Methods Thirty-one patients of glioma confirmed pathologically were divided into two groups: low grade group (grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ, n=20) and high grade group (grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ, n=11). MMP-9 expression levels were evaluated with immunohistochemical staining. Plain and enhanced MR scan were performed in all patients before operation. Peritumoral edema index (EI), enhance percentage (EP) and the tumor's maximum diameter were recorded as characteristics of MRI. Results The expression levels of MMP-9, EI, EP and the tumor's maximum diameter were significantly higher in the high grade group than those in the low grade group (t=6.312, 4.405, 6.286 and 5.026, respectively, all P＜0.05). The expression of MMP-9 were found significantly correlated to EI, EP and the maximum diameter of tumor (r=0.516, 0.554 and 0.676, respectively, all P＜0.05). The expression levels of MMP-9 were significantly different between tumors with heterogeneity and even signal (t=2.637, P＜0.05), but not between tumors with unclear border and clear border definition (t=0.906, P＞0.05). Conclusion MMP-9 expression have close relationship with invasion of glioma. EI, EP, the maximum diameter and signal of tumor can reflect the level of MMP-9 expression, and may be used to estimate tumor's malignant behavior, being able to provide the evidence for future clinical operation.