As an advanced quantitative technology for cells, flow cytometry, which can make multi-paramter quantitative analysis and sorting of individual cells or biological particles, has been widely used in immunology, oncology, hematology and other fields of medical research and clinical diagnosis in recent years.It can quantitatively detect the expression levels of cytokines and the distribution characteristics of cell subsets in the intraocular fluid.Compared with traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cell morphology and immunohistochemistry, it has the advantages of simple operation, smaller sample size, higher sensitivity and higher throughput.Flow cytometry has been widely used in the detection and subgroup analysis of cytokines related to eye diseases, such as intraocular angiogenesis, intraocular lymphoma, retinopathy, cataract, uveitis, sarcoidotic uveitis, infectious intraocular inflammation, etc.Flow cytometry plays an increasingly important role in the pathogenesis research and targeted therapy of eye diseases.In this article, the application of flow cytometry in the examination of cytokines and cytology in ocular fluid for ocular diseases were reviewed.

According to the national residency training regulations in the teaching of clinical and scientific research, the department of thoracic surgery of First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University has used seminar teaching , and has collected random sampling survey questionnaire of 110 students participating in seminar from September 2014 to March 2016. The investigation shows that through seminar teaching training, doctors will cultivate their clinical and research ability, and enhance their self-confidence. Therefore, the application of seminar teaching in department of thoracic surgery is helpful to improving the quality of clinical teaching and is worthy of further improvement and promotion.

The 109th Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association was held in Orlando, Florida, USA in May 2014, which received more than 1,000 abstracts on prostate cancer (PCa), covering new epidemiological data about PCa, new theories of early screening, novel molecular markers, new surgical methods, new ideas of diagnosis and treatment of castration-resistant PCa, and progress in basic researches. This paper focuses on the new theories of early screening and novel molecular markers of PCa, including the risk factors of PCa, a revolutionary understanding of the relationship between testosterone and PCa, and new application of PSA, new imaging techniques and molecular markers in the early diagnosis of PCa.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Florida ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Risk Factors ; Societies, Medical ; Testosterone ; blood ; United States ; Urology

Objective To investigate and analyze structure of risk perceived by people using HIV voluntary counseling and testing services and related factors.Method Two hundred and sixty eight VCT users were selected from 2 CDCs and 2 hospitals in Beijing and their perceived risks in the process of VCT were assessed by using self-administered question- naires.Factor analysis was performed to understand the relationship between different perceived risks,and risks perceived by different users were evaluated.Results Six factors were obtained from the factor analysis which included:fear of priva- cy disclosure,embarrassment,concern over the reliability of HIV tests,cost & time consumption,the tragic outcomes of HIV positive tests,and potential medical expenditures in the future.And the risks perceived by low and high income users were much higher than those perceived by middle income users.Conclusion There are clear structure of risks perceived by people using HIV voluntary counseling and testing,and people with different incomes have different levels of perceived risks.

Humans ; Functional Laterality ; Forensic Medicine ; Autopsy ; Asphyxia/etiology*

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Asparagus filicinus. Methods: Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography, and preparative TLC were used to isolate and purify the compounds. All the compounds were identified based on spectral analysis (including MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR). Results: Sixteen phenolic compounds were isolated from 90% ethanol extract in the roots of A. filicinus and were characterized as 3′-methoxynyasin (1), (+)-nyasol (2), (-)-4′-O-methyl-nyasol (3), iso-agatharesinol (4), gobicusin A (5), 4-[5-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3-penten-1-ynyl] phenol (6), 1-methoxy-2-hydroxy-4-[5-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3-penten-1-ynyl] phenol (7), gobicusin B (8), 1-O-p-coumaroyl-3-O-feruloylglycerol (9), 1, 3-di-O-feruloylglycerol (10), syringic acid (11), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (12), fumalic acid (13), caffeic acid (14), trans-coniferyl alcohol (15), and vanillic acid (16), respectively. Conclusion: These phenolic compounds are isolated from A. filicinus for the first time except compounds 2 and 12.

Objective: To study the flavonoids from the roots of Ephedra sinica in Ephedra Tourn. ex L. Methods: The roots of E. sinica were extracted with 90% ethanol, and isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and RP-18 gel column chromatography. All the compounds were identified based on spectral analyses (including MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR). Results: Thirteen flavonoids were isolated from the roots of E. sinica and were characterized as ephedrannin A (1), mahuannin A (2), mahuannin B (3), mahuannin D (4), apigenin (5), kaempferol (6), quercetin (7), dihydroquercetin (8), 3′, 4′, 5, 7-tetrahydroxy flavanone (9), (+)-catechin (10), (-)-epi-catechin (11), afzelechin (12), and (-)-epi-afzelechin (13), respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 7-13 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

OBJECTIVE: To isolate the chemical constituents and screen out the activity index of Dendrobium officinale, and establish a reliable method for isolation and determination. METHODS: A supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) combined with simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography method was established for the chemical composition extraction of D. officinale. RESULTS: Under the optimal SFE condition 46 g crude extract and 30 mg naringenin could be obtained from 1 kg of dried D. officinale. Naringenin and peak X could be fully extracted and isolation by the optimal supercritical fluid simulated moving bed (SF-SMB) operation. The content of naringenin increased from 1 199 mg to 2 400 mg in 1 kg of crude extract and the percentage content of peak X increased from 4.99% to 20.44%. The pure peak X was isolation by SMB and identified as 2, 6 -dimethoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)-phenol using GC-MS, 1H-NMR, and IR. CONCLUSION: The technology of SFE combined with SMB is stable and excellent for extraction and isolation of the active ingredients from D. officinale, and it provides a new idea for the industrial extraction.

Objective To express the pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in E.coli. and to assess its role in angiogenesis of gliomas.Methods The expression plasmid pET41/PEDF was constructed and the protein was purified by metal affinity tag (His Tag ) and anion-exchange chromatography. Tube formation was used for evaluating its biological activity. The changes of vascular enthothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) were evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The high purified and inhibitory-actived PEDF proteins were acquired and PEDF had the function of decreasing the VEGF 1.8 times as well as increasing the TSP-1 5.3 times.Conclusions It is possible that PEDF expression is a potent factor for the inhibition angiogenesis in gliomas.

Objective To explore the value and the most reasonable procedure of EN by naso-intestinal tube in digestive tract disease after operation.Methods Data of 25 cases of indigestive tract disease subject to EN through a naso-intestinal tube after operation were reviewed and analysed.Results Insertion of naso-intestinal tube was completed in all cases.Nasal feeding could be completed in 24 cases;postoperative complications included 1 case of leakage,1 case of arrhythmia and heart failure and 4 cases of fat liquefication.Conclusion EN by naso-intestinal tube in digestive tract disease was favorable for reduction of postoperative risk.It could be applied in almost all pa- tients when the doctor had grasped the technique skillfully.