Animals ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genes, ras ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing 1 (PID1, NYGGF4) onpromotion of IR and HCC, and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Lentivirus were used to mediate the knockdown of PID1 in HFD induced IR mouse model as well as ob/ob mice. Intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance were performed 4 weeks after lentivirus injection. Hydrodynamics-based transfection was applied to induce the liver specific overexpression of PID1. Flow cytometry was exerted to detect the proportion and function of immune cells.qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of downstream pathways of PID1. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were conducted to identify proteins interacting with PID1.Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)was operated to measure the modification of H3K4me3 of PID1 promoter.RESULTS PID1 restriction improved insulin resistance,hyperglycemia and fatty liver. Conversely, hepatic knockdown of PID1 attenuated liver xenografted tumor growth. Moreover,PID1 liver-specific protooncogenes via hydrodynamics-based transfection established a primary hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model,induced an immunosuppressive environment,with the reduction of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+T cells,retarded maturation of dendritic cells(DCs),pronounced differentiation of regulatory T cells(Tregs),and recruitment of MDSC.In addition,PID1 overexpression activated prolifer-ation related genes, promoted anti-inflammatory genes, suppressed pro-inflammatory genes, induced glycolysis and lipid metabolism genes to facilitate tumorigenesis in liver. Importantly, PID1 exerted its tumor-promoting function through binding to epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and activation of downstream KRAS/ERK pathway.As such,PID1 exist trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4(H3K4me3) modification and IR up-regulated the expression of PID1 by activation the H3K4me3 modification. CONCLUSION PID1 is a new gene that exerts both liver cancer-promoting and insulin resistance inducing function.IR accelerates liver cancer development and progression partially dependent on the activation of PID1.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the relationship between overweight, obesity and arterial stiffness in community residents.

METHODSA total of 4585 community-dwelling adults in Jiangsu province, China were surveyed with the method of stratified and cluster sampling from 2007 to 2009. Overweight and obesity were defined by body mass index (BMI) and arterial stiffness was assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Statistical analysis of arteriosclerosis included multivariate logistic regression testing among which BMI was viewed as continuous variable (1 kg/m(2) increasing to BMI) and categorical variables (underweight, normal, overweight and obesity) respectively. Odds ratio, population attributable risk percent and the optimal cut-off points for BMI to evaluate arteriosclerosis were analyzed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve.

RESULTS(1) After age control, BMI of male or female were positively correlated with baPWV (r = 0.213, P < 0.01; r = 0.186, P < 0.01). baPWV and prevalence of arteriosclerosis were significantly higher in obese residents compared with normal body weight group (all P < 0.01). (2) As a continuous variable, the odds ratio value of BMI on predicting arteriosclerosis was 1.146 (95%CI: 1.117 - 1.175, P < 0.01) after adjusting of age, gender and hypertension. As categorical variables, the odds ratio value of BMI was 0.369 (95%CI: 0.141 - 0.962, P < 0.05) for underweight group, 1.576 (95%CI: 1.333 - 1.863) for overweight group and 2.087 (95%CI: 1.615 - 2.698) for obesity group (all P < 0.01). (3) The population attributable arteriosclerosis risk was 19.1% and 11.6% in overweight and obesity groups, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.661 (95%CI: 0.645 - 0.678, P < 0.01) and the optimal cut-off point for BMI to evaluate arteriosclerosis was 24.25 kg/m(2).

CONCLUSIONSOverweight and obese residents faced higher risk for arteriosclerosis than normal population. Overweight and obesity are independent risk factors for arteriosclerosis after adjusting for age, gender and hypertension.

Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Arteriosclerosis ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Body Mass Index ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Obesity ; complications ; physiopathology ; Overweight ; complications ; physiopathology ; Prevalence ; Pulsatile Flow ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Thinness ; Vascular Stiffness

Child ; Ectodermal Dysplasia ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Family Health ; Genes, Recessive ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Factors

ObjectiveTo observe the spatial-temporal distribution of mouse leptomeningeal lymphatic endothelial cells and their effects on behavior. MethodsImmunofluorescence was used to detect the number of Lyve-1⁺and CD68⁺ cells in the dorsal， temporal， ventral， and lateral paraventricular leptomeningeal of 1-week， 2-week， 4-week， 10-week， 15-week， and 15-month-old wild-type C57BL mice and 15-week-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Two-week-old C57BL mice were randomly grouped as follows： PBS-injected group， anti-Lyve-1-injected group and SAR131675-injected group， which were injected with corresponding reagents into lateral ventricle. Two weeks after injection （i.e.， 4 weeks old）， the three groups of mice were subjected to the open field experiment， the three-chamber social interaction experiment， and the novel object recognition experiment. Then their ratio of leptomeningeal lymphatic cells were detected by immunofluorescence. ResultsThere was no statistical difference in the distribution of leptomeningeal lymphatic endothelial cells in different regions （F=0.8700， P=0. 4668， df=3）. The percentage of Lyve-1⁺ cells in the leptomeninges of mice decreased with ages （F=17.30， P<0.0001， df=5）. There was no statistical difference in the proportion of Lyve-1⁺ and CD68⁺ cells in the dorsal leptomeninges of mice of different ages （F=0.2686， P=0.9244， df=5）. Proportion of Lyve-1⁺ cells in the leptomeninges of 15-week-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice was lower than that of wild-type C57BL/6 mice （t=6.381，P=0.0078）. The ratio of Lyve-1⁺ cells was lower in the leptomeningeal of anti-Lyve-1-injected mice than that in the control group （M_PBS=0.4513， M_anti-Lyve-1=0.2692， q=8.726， P<0.0001）. The ratio of Lyve-1⁺ cells in the leptomeningeal of SAR131675-injected mice was lower than that in the control group （M_SAR131675=0.3230， q=5.588， P=0.0006）. In the open field tests， SAR131675-injected mice showed reduced exploratory locomotion， but increased willingness to explore the central area. The anti-Lyve-1-injected mice showed an increased willingness to explore the central area. In the social interaction tests， the anti-Lyve-1-injected mice showed no reduction in social behavior or social preference. The SAR131675-injected mice showed reduced social behavior in terms of frequency of interaction but no social preference， suggesting that the SAR131675-injected mice had a social interaction decrease. In the novel object recognition tests， the anti-Lyve-1-injected mice showed no change in frequency， time and distance， indicating that the anti-Lyve-1-injected mice showed no change in short-term memory. The SAR131675-injected mice showed a decrease in short-term memory. ConclusionLeptomeningeal lymphatic endothelial cells play an important role in the early development of mice， which can be related to their phagocytosis of macromolecular substances.

Objective To identify a locus for hereditary symmetrical dyschromatosis(HSD).Methods A genome-wide scan was performed with402microsatellite markers in two large Chinese HSD families to map the chromosome location of the susceptible gene.The LINKAGE software(Version5.10)and CYRILLIC soft-ware(Version2.01)were used for linkage and haplotype analysis.Results A locus was identified at chro-mosome1q11-1q21with a cumulative maximum two-point LOD score of8.85at microsatellite marker D1S2343(?=0.00).Haplotype analysis indicated that the candidate gene was located within11.6cM region between markers D1S2696and D1S2635.This was the first locus identified for HSD.This study provided a map location for isolation of the candidate genes causing HSD.Conclusion Chromosome1q11-1q21contains the candidate gene susceptible for dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the optimal timing of hepatectomy for intrahepatic lithiasis complicated with acute cholangitis.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty-six patients with hepatolithiasis who had a history of acute cholangitis and underwent hepatectomy were reviewed retrospectively. According to the period between the surgery and last attack of acute cholangitis, 126 patients were divided into 3 groups: > 3 months (group A, n = 73), 1 approximately 3 months (group B, n = 28), < 1 month (group C, n = 25). The operation time, blood loss, hospital stay, postoperative complications and stone residual rate were compared among the groups.

RESULTSThe intraoperative blood loss of C group was (644.0 +/- 625.7) ml, which was significantly higher than those of A and B group [(409.2 +/- 250.7) ml and (423.2 +/- 237.1) ml, respectively]. The numbers of patients who needed transfusion and the amount of blood transfusion in group C were also higher than those of group A and B. The incidence rate of complications, residual stone in group C were all markedly higher than those of group A and B. The period of hospital stay in group C was much longer than that in group A and B.

CONCLUSIONSThe optimal timing of hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis complicated with acute cholangitis is at least one month after subsidence of cholangitis.

Adult ; Aged ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cholangitis ; complications ; Cholelithiasis ; complications ; surgery ; Female ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the effects of selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor on the hyperplasia of parathyroid glands from uremic rats. Methods Sixty-five 5/6-nephrectomized (Nx) and fifteen sham operated rats were assigned to 4 groups: (1)Sham group (n=14):shamoperated +normal phosphate diet (P 0.8％,Ca 1.2％)； (2) Nx-HP group (n=17):Nx+high phosphate(HP) diet (P 1.2％,Ca 1.2％)； (3)Prophylactic COX2 inhibition group (Prey group,n=18):Nx+HP+celecoxib 100 mg· kg-1·d-1 for 3 months； (4)Therapeutic group (Ther group,n=18):Nx+HP+celecoxib 100 mg·kg-1·d-1 starting at the second month of the 5/6 nephrectomy.At the end of 3 month,blood,urine and parathyroid samples were collected.The expressions of COX2 and PCNA were determined by immunohistochemistry,Western blotting and real-time PCR. Results All of the Nx rats fed with high phosphate diet for 3 months manifested progressively increasing serum creatinine,serum iPTH as well as augmentation of parathyroid gland volume,suggesting that secondary parathyroid hyperplasia animal model was established successfully.Celecoxib significantly decreased serum iPTH levels [Sham (34.77±0.83),Nx-HP(100.73±4.35),Prey (87.36±2.18),Ther (87.47±1.76) ng/L,P＜0.05],the size of the parathyroid glands in Nx rats [Sham (0.461±0.089),Nx-HP (2.436±0.372),Prey (0.987±0.254),Ther (1.27±0.305) mm2/kg,P＜0.05] and PCNA expression in PG determined by Western blotting (decreased to 52.91％ in Prev group and 34.68％ in Ther group respectively,P＜0.05).No significant difference was observed between the two COX2 inhibition groups.The levels of COX2 expression in parathyroid gland were greatly increased in three Nx groups compared with that in sham group (2.47-fold in Nx-HP,2.34-fold in Prey group,3.04-fold in Ther group,P＜0.05).COX2 inhibitor had no effects on COX2 expression in PGs.Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated the same trends of mRNA expression of COX2 and PCNA in PGs of rats. Conclusion Selective inhibition of COX2 may help to suppress the hyperplasia of parathyroid glands in uremic rats.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Lupus Recipe (LR) on IL-6 and IL-10 secretion of splenic cells in vitro in lupoid model mice and on anti-dsDNA antibody.

METHODSChronic graft-versus-host disease model was used in the experiment. The model mice were divided into four groups, the model group was un-treated and the other three groups treated with LR, prednisone and combined treatment (prednisone + LR) respectively. The serum level of ds-DNA antibody, the ConA induced splenic cell proliferation in mice's splenic cell culture as well as the IL-6, IL-10 level in the supernatant of culture were determined after treatment and compared with those of normal controls.

RESULTS(1) The splenic cell proliferative reaction in the model group splenic cells was obviously higher than that of the normal control (P < 0.05); but that in the three treated groups was different from the control insignificantly (P > 0.05); (2) The serum anti-dsDNA in the model group was higher than that in the normal control, 1.75 +/- 0.25 vs 1.20 +/- 0.21 (P < 0.01), while the difference in comparison of the treated groups with the normal control was insignificant, (P > 0.05); (3) Splenic cell IL-6 and IL-10 secretion in the model group induced by ConA was higher than those in the treated groups and the controls significantly (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONLR reveals the effect of immunosuppressor, which could inhibit the activation of T- and B-cells, reduce the Th2 cytokine formation and auto-antibody production so as to treat lupus erythematosus effectively.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; immunology ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-10 ; biosynthesis ; Interleukin-6 ; biosynthesis ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Spleen ; cytology ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo assess the relationship between the XRCC1 polymorphism and susceptibility to lung cancer in non-smoking female on the basis of a hospital-based case-control study.

METHODSGenotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 50 patients with lung cancer and 50 controls. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression model to study the relationship between different genotypes and risk of lung cancer in non-smoking women. Furthermore, a multiplicative interaction between exposure to cooking oil smoke and the variant XRCC1 399Gln allele on risk of lung adenocarcinoma was evaluated.

RESULTSIndividuals carrying Gln/Gln genotype were at an increased risk to suffer from lung adenocarcinoma as compared with those with the Arg/Arg genotype (OR: 14.12; 95% CI: 2.14 approximately 92.95, adjusted for age and cooking oil smoke). The OR of lung adenocarcinoma for the variant XRCC1 399Gln allele with exposure to cooking oil smoke was 6.29 (95% CI 1.99 approximately 19.85).

CONCLUSIONThe above described findings indicate that Arg 399Gln polymorphism in the XRCC1 is associated with risk of lung adenocarcinoma but not with risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung in non-smoking women.

Adenocarcinoma ; etiology ; genetics ; Adult ; Aged ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; adverse effects ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Cooking ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Assessment ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1