Objective To explore the effect of ca se-teaching applied to the classes of practical training of parasitology. Methods The case-teaching was tentatively performed in a part of the undergraduates in our school during their parasitology practical training classe s.Results The effect of case-teaching was obviously superior t o the traditional one. The total scores,the theory examination and the specimen recognition scores were all higher in the class which employed the case-teachin g than in the control ones (P

Objective:To study the relationship between telomerase activity and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods:Telomerase activity and expression of PCNA in 68 cases of OSCC,34 cases of epithelium immediately adjacent to carcinomas and 12 cases of normal oral mucosa were detected by TRAP-PCR-ELISA and immunohistochemical SP method. Results:The positive rate of telomerase in OSCC, the epithelium immediately adjacent to carcinomas and the normal oral mucosa was 67.65%(46/68), 8.82%(3/34) and 0(0/12) respectively. Telomerase activity in OSCC was related to the grade of the clinicopathology(P

AIM: To quantitatively investigate transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) and its receptors in normal bulbar conjunctival tissues and pterygium tissues. METHODS: Thirty cases of pterygium patients were randomly selected to undergo surgical resection of pterygium lesion, and the normal margin of bulbar con-junctival tissues were collected as control. Gene expres-sion was detected quantitatively by the method of quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS: The expression level of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 was 4.26×10-7±1.45×10-7 and 1.08×10-10±0.68×10-10 in normal bulbar conjunctival tissues, while 10.67×10-7±7.47×10-7 and 8.23×10-11±6.63×10-11 in pterygium tissues. The expression level of TGF-βRⅠand TGF-βRⅡwas 0.003015±0.0036 and 5.33×10-5±5.05×10-5in normal bulbar conjunctival tissues, while 0.000379±0.000281 and 1.002×10-5±9.04×10-6 in pterygium tissues. The expression level of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in pterygium was elevated (P<0.01). TGF-β1 expression level in pterygium increase 2.9±2.8 times than in normal conjunctiva. TGF-β2 expression level in pterygium increase 7.5±1.4 times than in normal conjunctiva. The expression level of TGF-βRⅠin pterygium was significantly lower (P<0.05). The expression level of TGF-βRII in pterygium was significantly lower (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: QRT-PCR is an effective method to quantitatively detect gene expression in eye. The upregulation of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 and downregulation of their receptors expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pterygium, which is noteworthy further investigation in diagnosis and treatment of pterygium.real-time PCR; gene expression

Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) leads to blindness because of the retinal angiogenesis caused by the ischemia of retina.Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) is a recently identified anti-angiogenic cytokine,which can suppress endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.Objective The aim of this study was to detect the change of serum and vitreous VEGI/TL1A and its relative cytokines in patients with DR.Methods A non-randomized controlled clinical trial was performed.Fifty-five DR patients were enrolled in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from November 2012 to March 2013 with the informed consent.The patients were divided into non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group (20 cases) and PDR group (35 cases).Eleven cataract patients served as normal control group,and 15 patients with diabetic mellitus (DM) were included as DM group.The demography was matched among the groups,but the course of DM and the blood glucose level were elevated in the PDR group and the DM group compared with DR group (all at P＜0.05).We collected the serum of all the patients above.Another 23 PDR patients (25 eyes) were enrolled in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from November 2012 to March 2013 with the informed consent and served as PDR group,healthy corpse's eyes (n=7) as control group,the patients were assigned to the retinal photocoagulation group,surgery group and photocoagulation +surgery group according to different treatment procedures.Vitreous samples were collected during the progress of vitrectomy.TL1A/VEGI 251,VEGF,TNF-α,IL-1β and NF-κB p65 concentrations in the serum and vitreous specimens were detected using ELISA.The differences of serum and vitreous TL1A/VEGI 251,VEGF,TNF-α,IL-1β and NF-κB p65 in various groups were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and independent sample t test,respectively.The correlation between TL1A/VEGI 251 and VEGF,TNF-α,IL-1β,NF-κB p65 were calculated by Pearson correlation analysis.Results TL1A/VEGI 251 concentration was elevated in the DM group,NPDR group and PDR group compared with the normal control group,with significant difference among the 4 group (F =27.431,P =0.009),and TL1A/VEGI 251 concentration was higher in the PDR group than that in the DM group or the NPDR group (P＜0.05).VEGF,TNF-α,IL-1 β and NF-κB p65 concentrations in serum were increased in the PDR group in comparison with the DM group,NPDR group and the normal control group (P＜0.05).However,no significant difference among the DM group,NPDR group and the normal control group (P＞0.05).Serum TL1A/VEGI 251 concentration was significant correlated with VEGF,TNF-α,IL-1β and NF-κB p65 concentration (r=0.951,0.951,0.851,0.944,all at P＜0.01).Vitreous TL1A/VEGI 251,VEGF,TNF-α,IL-1 β concentrations were ascended in the PDR group compared with the normal control group (P =0.024,0.001,0.000,0.037),but there was no significantly difference in vitreous NF-κB p65 concentration between the two groups (P =0.073).Vitreous TL1A/VEGI 251 concentrations declined in the retinal photocoagulation group and the surgery group compared with the normal group (all at P＜ 0.05),and significant positive correlations were found between vitreous TL1A/VEGI 251 concentration and VEGF or TNF-α concentration (r =0.675,0.950,P ＜ 0.01) ;while Pearson correlation coefficient was not statistically significant between vitreous TL1A/VEGI 251 concentration and IL-1β or NF-κB p65 concentration (r=0.233,0.318,P＞0.05).Conclusions VEGI is involved in the pathogenesis of DR,and it interacts with VEGF,TNF-α,IL-1β and NF-κB to affect the development of DR.These results provide a new clue for the further study of DR.

Applying scientific literature in the teaching of nutrition and food hygiene is neces-sary. It can not only deepen students' understanding of the course and improve students' English level and scientific research ability, but also can improve teachers' professional skill. To improve the effi-ciency of teaching, teachers should choose literature close to the course and pay attention to selecting review literature and English literature. Textbook should be principal line of study during the teach-ing. Teachers should control the number and timing of explaining literature and grasp the complexity of literature. In order to facilitate students' understanding, teachers should make full use of related figures and tables.

Mycelial morphology are exploited a great influnence to the metabolites of fungi. The effect of the mycelial morphology on producing lycopene by Blakeslea tripora was investigated. The results indicated that pellets has little role on fermentation when adding kerosene and triton-x100, However, The content of lycopene in the medium reached to 98.6mg/L by adding Ig/L span-20, forming dispersed mycelia, which is 3 times of the control experiments.

A 2,4 -dichlorophenol degrading Pseudomonas strain GI241-1 was isolated from a soil sample. The dienelactone hydrolase gene, designated as dcpD which encodes dienelactone hydrolase involved in transforming cis-2-chloro-dienelactone into 2-chloromaleylacetic acid, was cloned from this bacterium strain. The gene cloning strategy was to construct genomic library after location of its neighbouring gene by Southem blot and to screen the aim transformant by dot blotting. Sequencing results showed that length of dcpD is 702bp. The sequence of dcpD and the deduced amino acid are different from the relative sequences registered in the GenBank.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy about manipulative reduction of the radialis and ulnar fractures.

METHODSFrom June 2005 to June 2009, 85 patients with radialis and ulnar fractures, 50 males and 35 females, ranging in age from 1 to 20 years with an average of 10.8 years, were treated with manipulative reduction and external fixation by small splint. There were 53 cases of direct violence, 30 cases of transmission violence, 2 cases of reversing violence; and there were 6 cases of comminuted fracture, 8 cases of spiral fracture, 21 cases of oblique fracture, 50 cases of serrated or transverse fracture. The clinical effects were analyzed according to Anderson criterion.

RESULTSForty-two cases obtained anatomical reduction and 35 cases obtained nearly anatomical reduction and 8 cases occurred re-displacement. Eight cases of re-displacement were re-fixed after manipulative reduction, 2 cases obtained anatomical reduction and 4 cases obtained nearly anatomical reduction; 2 cases unsuccessfully were diverted to open reduction and internal fixation. All the fractures obtained clinically healing with average of 42 days (ranged from 28 to 80 days). All patients were followed up from 3 to 10 months with an average of 7.5 months. According to Anderson criterion, 77 case got excellent result, 5 good, 3 fair.

CONCLUSIONManipulation and external fixation by small splint for the treatment of radialis and ulnar fractures, have advantage of less trauma, forceful fixation, quick healing, cheap cost, which can obtain satisfactorily clinical effects.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; External Fixators ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Radius Fractures ; therapy ; Splints ; Ulna Fractures ; therapy

Objectives To study the role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-?) in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and eczema,and the changes of serum levels of IL-4 and INF-? with topical treatment of co rticosteroid plus antibiotic cream or corticosteroid cream alone.Methods Seru m levels of IL-4 and IFN-? were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assa y(ELISA).Results Serum levels of IL-4 and INF-? were significantly higher in the patients with atopic dermatitis and eczema than those in the normal control s,respectively(both P

OBJECTIVETo investigate how network education can improve college students' knowledge on sexual and reproductive health in Ningbo city.

METHODSFrom December 2012 to June 2013, we conducted a questionnaire investigation among college students in Ningbo city about the effects of network education on their knowledge about sexual psychology, sexual physiology, sexual ethics, and reproductive health.

RESULTSA total of 7 362 college students accomplished the investigation, of whom 2 483 (42.1% males and 57.9% females) received network education, while the other 4 879 (24.1% males and 75.9% females) did not. Approximately 47.1% of the male and 28.0% of the female students acquired sexual and reproductive knowledge via network education. Reproductive health-related network education significantly enriched the students' knowledge about the reproductive system and sex, pubertal development, sexual physiology, conception and embryonic development, methods of contraception, sexual psychology, sexually transmitted diseases and their prevention, pregnancy care and eugenics, and environment- and occupation-related reproductive health (P < 0.01). It also remarkably improved their cognitive attitude towards reproductive health knowledge (P < 0.01). Those who received reproductive health-related network education showed a significantly higher rate of masturbation (P < 0.01) but markedly later time of the first masturbation (P < 0.01) than those who did not.

CONCLUSIONNetwork education can enhance the effect of reproductive health education among college students and improve their sexual experience and health.

China ; Contraception ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Masturbation ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior ; physiology ; psychology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities